E2320
Annex 8: Environmental and Social Safeguards Framework (July 24, 2008)
Uganda Demobilization and Reintegration Program
Environmental and Social Screening and Assessment Framework
The overall objective of the Uganda Demobilization and Reintegration Project is to
support the implementation of the provisions of the Amnesty Act of 2000 and to
contribute to the consolidation of peace-building, reconciliation and enhanced security in
Uganda. The project includes three components:
(i) Demobilization, Repatriation and Reinsertion of Reporters (Ex-Combatants)
(ii) Information and Referral Services to support the Reintegration of Reporters
(iii) Dialogue and Reconciliation Promotion and Monitoring
Specific activities foreseen under this project include: registration of reporters and
provision of amnesty; family tracing; repatriation of reporters to Uganda; provision of
reinsertion assistance; provision of referral services for reporters to community services
(including livelihood support, education opportunities, medical services and psychosocial
assistance); support for vulnerable groups to access services; advocacy to encourage
development partners to address issues related to reporter reintegration needs;
information and sensitization campaigns on the Amnesty Act and reconciliation at the
district and community levels and; monitoring reporter reintegration and social dynamics
related to integration into the community and social acceptance.
The Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (ISDS) for the project was cleared on January 24,
2008. The only safeguard policy triggered by the project was Environmental Assessment
(OP/BP/GP 4.01), though the environmental impact of the return and reintegration of the
target group of reporters is expected to be negligible. Moreover, the involvement of the
project in activities to support the longer-term integration of reporters into civilian life is
indirect. The project will refer and seek to link reporters with reintegration activities
being financed and implemented by other partners. The impact at community level is
expected to be marginal and widely dispersed. No large-scale economic activities are
envisioned, nor land acquisition foreseen. However, in cases where these may be
relevant in sub-projects executed by non-World Bank agencies, due diligence will be
applied following the Management Framework for Environment and Social Safeguards
described below.
Proposed Management Framework for Environmental and Social Safeguards
For its Environmental and Social Screening and Assessment Framework, this project has
adopted the specialized approach and screening procedures developed by the MultiCountry Demobilization and Reintegration Program (MDRP) for ex-combatant
demobilization and reintegration programs. This is the same approach which was used
by the Uganda: Repatriation, Rehabilitation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Reporters
project (2004-2007), which was a precursor to the current project.
This framework will be disclosed in-country by the project to all relevant stakeholders
(including national and local government, civil society and potential implementing
agencies for sub-projects) through means including the project launch workshop, regional
training and sensitization events, district offices and the InfoShop, as part of the overall
project documentation. Under this framework, the project implementation manual will
also be required to include a clear description of administrative and organizational
responsibilities and arrangements (including for contracting sub-projects), performance
indicators, and arrangements for environmental and social monitoring.
The process of environmental assessment for the project and its sub-projects or subgrants will consist of four steps:
Step 1: Basic screening to identify either those activities that will not be funded (see
Table 1) or which would have no or limited likely adverse environmental or social
impact (see Table 2);
Step 2: More detailed screening of activities with potential negative environmental or
social impact (see Table 3);
Step3: Identification of mitigation measures and/or environmental and socially sound
design features for those activities identified to have potential negative environmental
impact (see Table 4); and
Step 4: Certification that the assessment process has been done in a technically
appropriate manner and that any identified mitigation or design features will be taken
into consideration in the final sub-project implementation.
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Step 1: Basic Screening to Identify Activities that will not be funded or which have
no or limited likely adverse Environmental or Social Impact
Table 1:
Activities that will not be financed

Those that involve the significant conversion or
degradation of critical natural habitats, including
forests
Presence of the Activity within the
Uganda Demobilization and
Reintegration Project
No

Those that propose the use of pesticides in a manner
that is inconsistent with national laws and/or
international standards
No

Those that would cause significant damage to cultural
property
No

Those that would adversely affect indigenous peoples,
as they themselves would determine through informed
participation in project conceptualization and design
No

Those that would involuntarily resettle or cause the
involuntary resettlement of people
No

The construction of any new, large, dam or any activity
that would be dependent on an existing large dam or
one under construction
No
Those that would be implemented in a internationally
disputed area or on an international waterway.
No

 This list of activities that will not be financed will be adhered to throughout this
project and Table 1 will be completed for any and all sub-projects to be financed under
the project.
Potential Environmental and Social
Impact
Table 2:
Preliminary Screening Checklist
Typical DDR Program Components
1.
Disarmament
2.
Demobilization
3.
Reinsertion
4.
Social and Economic Reintegration:
a.
Communications and sensitization
b.
Skills development, training or formal
education
c.
Micro-business support services and microcredit
d.
Rural development
None
Possible /
Limited


Components in the
Uganda
Demobilization and
Reintegration
Project
Likely /
Significant








5.
e.
Community infrastructure
f.
Information and Referral services
Program Management



 Table 2 indicates that the overall project components of the Uganda Demobilization
and Reintegration Project are likely to have no, or limited, adverse environmental or
social impact. As individual sub-projects are developed, Table 2 will also be completed
for each. All sub-projects will then proceed to the more detailed screening outlined in
Step 2 below, with particular attention given to any sub-projects for which Table 2
suggests the potential for negative or significant environmental or social impact.
Step 2: More Detailed Screening of Activities for Potential Negative Environmental
or Social Impact
Table 3:
Yes
No
N/A*
Self-Assessment Tool for Environmental and Social Screening
Section A: Basic Screening
1.
Will the sub-project have a significant negative impact on a natural habitat, including
forests?
2.
Does the sub-project procure pesticides?
3.
Will the sub-project operate in an internationally disputed area or affect an
international waterway?
4.
Will the sub-project significantly damage cultural property?
5.
Will the sub-project involuntary resettle people?
6.
Does the project depend on or plan to rehabilitate or build a large dam?
If the answer to any of the above questions is “Yes”, then the sub-project cannot be financed as proposed
and will require modification.
7.
Does the sub-project focus exclusively on:

Transitional reinsertion support of ex-combatants;

Information and sensitization activities; and/or

Program management, monitoring or evaluation
If the answer to question 7 is “Yes”, then there is no further need for an environmental assessment of the
sub-project. Go to Step 4, Certification
Section B: Detailed Screening of Sub-projects
8.
Does the sub-project support agriculture, animal production or agro-processing
activities? (see Step 3, #4).
9.
Will the sub-project be responsible for the rehabilitation of any roads or structures?
(see Step 3, #1, #2).
Table 3:
Yes
No
Self-Assessment Tool for Environmental and Social Screening
10. Could the sub-project cause drinking water to become contaminated or increase
water-related diseases such as malaria or bilharzias? (see Step 3, #2g)
11. Will a significant1 amount of natural resources (including trees/fuel wood, water, etc.)
be harvested or exploited by design or as a result of the sub-project?
12. Will indigenous groups be affected by the sub-project?2
13. Will the sub-project involve clearing of new land of individual plots?
14. Will the sub-project involve new irrigation, construction of storage dams, diversion of
river flows, or drilling for water? (see Step 3, #2b)
15. Could the sub-project cause an increase in soil erosion?
16. Will the sub-project use fertilizers in a manner inconsistent with standard technical
guidelines as recommended by the national Ministry of Agriculture and/or FAO?
17. Will the sub-project be located in or near a recognized natural habitat or a protected
area?
18. Will the sub-project create any liquid or solid wastes? (see Step 3, #3c)
19. If the sub-project will finance the construction of new latrines, will they be built in
accordance with standard technical designs and environmentally sound practices as
indicated in Step 3, #3?
20. Will sub-project activities require land acquisition either permanent or temporary?
(see Step 3, #5)
If the answer to any of the questions 8-21 is “Yes”, go to Step 3 on technical design
features and mitigation measures.
Step 3: Identification of Mitigation Measures and/or Environmental and Socially
Sound Design Features for those Activities Identified to have Potential Negative
Environmental Impact
 All sub-projects will be required to comply with the recommended standard technical
guidelines and /or mitigation measures detailed here. Table 4 will be completed for all
sub-projects for which Step 2 indicated the need for more detailed screening of potential
negative environmental or social impact.
1. Construction and rehabilitation of buildings
* Insufficient (I) information or not applicable (N)
1 See WB glossary of environmental and social safeguard terms.
2 In the areas where the project will operate, there may be communities of people who the Bank considers
“indigenous people.” In order to actively include and monitor for the presence of such peoples as potential
beneficiaries of the project, the implementing agency will proactively include the category of indigenous
peoples as per World Bank OD 4.20 on Indigenous Peoples.
N/A*
To prevent environmental impacts due to the construction or rehabilitation of primary
schools, health centers/posts, community centers, markets, etc., the following actions
should be taken into consideration:
 Protect soil surfaces during construction;
 Select sustainable construction materials, particularly wood;
 Control and clean the construction site daily;
 During construction, control dust by water or other means;
 Provide adequate waste disposal services;
 For health care centers and public markets ensure that appropriate waste disposal
facilities are provided;
 Provide sanitation for schools;
 Ensure proper drainage, grading, terracing, border planting, etc. to reduce erosion;
 Eliminate opportunities for standing water;
 Dispose of oil and solid waste materials appropriately.
2.
Rehabilitation of economic infrastructure
A. SMALL FEEDER ROADS, CULVERTS, SMALL BRIDGES
To prevent soil erosion, water pollution or siltation, runoff, and flooding, take the
following steps:
 Rehabilitate infrastructure during the dry season;
 During rehabilitation, control dust by water or other means;
 Protect soil surfaces during rehabilitation and revegetate or physically stabilize
erodable surfaces;
 Ensure proper drainage;
 Dispose of oil and solid waste materials appropriately;
 Preserve natural habitats along streams, steep slopes, and ecologically sensitive areas;
 Develop maintenance and reclamation plans and restore vegetation and habitat.
B. SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION
The following should be considered in undertaking small scale irrigation activities.
Depending on the scope of the sub-project, technical advice or assistance should be
sought.
(a) Obtain information concerning:
 Water quality and hydrology, including depth of the water table;
 Rainfall data for the area (when and how much);
 The area to be irrigated (dimensions and topography);
 Soil types and pH;
 Percolation (the rate at which water is absorbed and travels through the soil);
 The capacity of the soil to retain water;
 The amount of water needed by crops;
 The amount of evaporation which will take place.
(b) To build in soil conservation measures take the following steps:
 To reduce evaporation and seepage, keep canals narrow and deep, and cover canals
and pipes where necessary;
 To slow runoff, use appropriate techniques such as terracing, contour ploughing, and
mulching;
 To improve soil and water retention, replant trees and vegetation of the watershed;
 Select crops appropriate for soil, water, and climate conditions; and
 Reach agreement on water use rates to avoid overuse.
(c) To build a drainage system to prevent waterlogged or “salty” soils and to ensure good
crops, ascertain the following:
 depth of crop roots;
 land contours;
 rate of absorption and percolation of soil;
 the presence of hard or laterite soil layers that can prevent good drainage;
 existing natural drainage patterns on/below the surface, natural water table depth
during the wet season.
(d) When using ground water for irrigation purposes, ascertain whether this will lead to a
lowering of the water table which could affect:
 other dug and drilled wells in the area;
 the survival of crops and natural vegetation;
 the volume of water in streams, rivers, lakes, and woodlands; and
 could contribute to salt water contamination of fresh water wells.
(e) If a project involves diverting streams or rivers, ascertain whether the reduced water
flow in the stream could:
 reduce food sources and habitat for aquatic life;
 reduce food sources for people downstream;
 prevent or reduce the use of water for irrigation, drinking, livestock etc. downstream;
 result in seawater moving up the mouth of the river.
(f) When using fertilizers, consider potential impacts on
 local water resources or downstream;
 aquatic life.
(g) To reduce risks of disease from mosquitoes, snails etc., take the following steps:
 line canals and ditches;
 cover or pipe water where possible;
 improve drainage;
 apply water to avoid pools of standing water for extended periods;
 keep canals and ditches free of sediment, weeds, and snails; and
 use natural means of disease control (i.e. ducks, fish etc. which eat snails, mosquitoes,
and flies).
(h) Consider the likelihood of attracting an increased population to the project area and
ascertain whether
 the water supply can support the increased demand;
 there will be increased pressure on other local resources (housing, schools, health
care);
 there will be increased pressure on local natural resources (trees, grazing land, soils
etc.); and
 the politics of water user rights and priorities have been addressed.
(i) Other considerations:
 Community participation in planning, construction, monitoring, water allocation,
operation and maintenance;
 Possible flood and drought cycles;
 Ensure that water quality is appropriate for irrigation purposes;
 Upstream activities (i.e. factories, other irrigation, forestry) that could affect water
quantity and quality in the project area;
 Consider local low-cost alternatives to chemical fertilizers and pesticides;
3.
Water Supply and Sanitation
Prior to preparing a sub-project, information – as necessary - should be acquired with
regard to the following:
 Determination of a safe yield of water at the site;
 A community’s pre-project preferences regarding water resources;
 Location of important wildlife habitats that the activity can affect;
 Assessment of the site’s environmental carrying capacity;
 The community’s institutional capacity to participate in the project; and
 Determination of policy reforms and training needed for the project’s sustainability.
The following environmental guidelines for water supply and sanitation sub-projects
must be taken into account:
A. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Locate wells at a minimum distance of:
 50 m from pit latrines, septic tanks, sewers;
 100 m from borehole latrines, soak pits, trenches and sub-surface sewage disposal;
 150 m from cesspools, sanitary land field areas, and graves.
These criteria are partly based on the rate of movement of bacteria and viruses through
soils and on their survival period. Although bacteria and viruses are largely retained by
the first meter of soil around the sanitary and other installations listed, there have been
actual recordings of them traveling the distances mentioned as a minimum. In cases of
doubt, it is up to the water or health authorities concerned to decide whether or not an
intake site should be abandoned.
The well should:
 have a slab large enough to collect spill water;
 have a proper spill water outlet;
 have a connecting drainage ditch that carries water about 5 m away from the slab;
 have a soak-away of at least 75 cm depth which is back filled with gravel and stones
if the water is not used in an adjacent garden;
 be protected by low vegetation with shallow roots.
Additional measures to prevent contamination of wells:
 Livestock must be kept away from the intake by fencing the area (minimum radius of
50 m);
 Defecation and urination in the area must be prohibited by law;
 Soil erosion should be prevented;
 The well should be safe from flooding;
 Bore holes should not be drilled too close to a well;
 Crossing of open water in order to reach the well should be avoided;
 The well should preferably be installed in a confined aquifer, protected by an
overlying impermeable layer;
 Periodic testing of water quality, particularly ground water.
B. LATRINES
The following environmental factors need to be considered and addressed appropriately:
 Availability of open space at the end of the latrines’ design life (1-2 square meters for
simple pit latrines; more than 12 square meters plus access space for twin pour-flush
latrines;
 Long-term capacity of latrines to dispose of all household liquid wastes;
 Safe ground infiltration rates (ranging from 50 liters/cubic meter/day for
gravel/coarse and medium sand to 8 liters/cubic meter/day for silty clay loam and
clay loam; clay is considered unsuitable for soak pits. Most soils will dispose of
human wastes safely when water consumption levels are low. However, as water use
rises, infiltration rates increase and many soils, particularly those with a high clay and
silt content will block up;
 Ground water pollution is preventable if the pit is more than 2 m above the water
table;
 Surface water pollution can result from polluted ground water that drains into a
nearby river, lake or lagoon as well as from the disposal of sullage from homes into a
surface drainage system;
 Reliability of latrine emptying service
 Willingness of people to handle stabilized humus and opportunities for safe disposal
(ideally in a vegetable patch or under fruit trees).
C. WASTEWATER COLLECTION, DISPOSAL, AND MANAGEMENT
Although this aspect may not always be relevant in rural areas, potential wastewater
issues should be reviewed and addressed as appropriate:
 Appropriate collection/removal methods (i.e. the use of trucks, carts etc.);
 Identification of disposal sites (existing or new ones);
 Appropriate management methods (i.e. use of wetlands, ponds, treatment facilities,
out falls);
 As appropriate, consider technologies and management strategies designed to reuse
wastewater in rural agriculture which in turn can reduce environmental pollution.
4.
Agricultural Activities
A. AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION
 Use only legally authorized chemicals, in recommended quantities, with prescribed
application methods, and provide training as necessary to users;
 Implement appropriate control mechanisms (e.g., contouring, windbreak planting) to
reduce soil erosion;
 Monitor nutrient and pesticide levels in runoff water and nearby bodies of water;
B. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY




Restrict husbandry to already converted lands or natural pastures;
Avoid pollution of natural water bodies with animal wastes or processing residues;
Provide training in handling of genetic materials and in disease control;
Maintain fences and other works to protect streams from watering animals and
implement environmentally sound controls against mosquitoes and snails in livestock
watering ponds;
 Ensure technically sound aquaculture practices related to water and fertilizer use,
drainage and runoff, introduction of exotic species, etc.
C. AGRO-PROCESSING
 Follow good practice in selecting sites (e.g., minimum distance from water bodies (>
50 meters), avoid slopes greater than 15 degrees) and site preparation (e.g., erosion
control measures);
 Environmentally sound provisions for waste disposal;
 Adopt good practice methods for use, transport, storage and disposal of hazardous or
toxic wastes;
 Identify sources of supply for inputs such as wood fuel, charcoal, timber, water and
energy that minimize impact on natural habitats;
5. Temporary and/or permanent land acquisition
Although the project does not support involuntary resettlement, some of the sub-projects
may require that land is either temporarily or permanently used which could impact
people, property and loss of access. If this is the case, detailed information on the subproject activity, methods of land acquisition, or current uses of land need to be
articulated. Purchase of land should be made between a willing buyer and seller at
market price. In the case of land donation, the proof of land donation needs to be made.
Table 4:
Standard Technical Guidelines and/or Mitigation Measures by area of potential sub-project
Construction and rehabilitation of Buildings:
Y
N
N/A
If the sub-project includes of the construction or rehabilitation of buildings, has the subproject design taken into consideration all the issues highlighted above, as appropriate,
to ensure adverse environmental and social effects are avoided or reduced to
acceptable levels?

If the answer to this question is no, the sub-project must be modified or redesigned.
Rehabilitation of Economic Infrastructure:
Y
N
N/A
Y
N
N/A
Y
N
N/A
If the sub-project includes the rehabilitation of economic infrastructure, has the subproject design taken into consideration the issues highlighted above as appropriate?

If the answer to this question is no, the sub-project must be modified or redesigned.
Water supply and sanitation sub-projects:
If the sub-project involves the construction or rehabilitation of water supply or
sanitation facilities, has the sub-project design taken into consideration the issues
highlighted above as appropriate?

If the answer to this question is no, the sub-project must be modified or redesigned.
Agricultural activities:
If the sub-project involves agricultural activities, has the sub-project design taken into
consideration the issues highlighted above as appropriate?

If the answer to this question is no, the sub-project must be modified or redesigned.
Step 4: Certification that the Assessment Process has been done in a Technically
Appropriate Manner and that any Identified Mitigation or Design Features will be
taken into Consideration in the Final Sub-Project Implementation
 After progressing through the self-assessment exercise detailed in Steps 1-3, any and
all sub-grant recipients will be required to complete, and file with the granter, the
certification below to attest to their compliance with environmental and social safeguards
procedures.
Certification
Implementing Agency:
I certify that the information provided above regarding the MDRP sub-project that my
organization is responsible for implementing is correct, and that to the best of my organization’s
knowledge and experience, all relevant technical standards and environmental safeguards have
been taken into consideration in the sub-project’s design. Further, I agree to allow representatives
of relevant Government authorities as well as the MDRP and World Bank to visit sub-project
sites to review in conjunction with my staff details of this assessment, and any procedures or
mitigation measure put in place in relation to the implementation of the sub-project.
Signature: ___________________________
Official Representative
date: _________________
Name:
Overseeing Technical Officer **
Signature: ___________________________
date: _________________
Name:
** Of either the World Bank TTL or relevant government technical ministry