James Clerk Maxwell, 1876) In speaking
of the Energy of the field, however, I wish
to be understood literally. All energy is the
same as mechanical energy, whether it
exists in the form of motion or in that of
elasticity, or in any other form. The
energy in electromagnetic phenomena is
mechanical energy.


(Max Planck) A new scientific
truth does not triumph by
convincing its opponents and
making them see the light, but
rather because its opponents
eventually die, and a new
generation grows up that is
familiar with it.
Albert Einstein, 1954) The development during
the present century is characterized by two
theoretical systems essentially independent of 
each other: the theory of relativity and the
quantum theory. The two systems do not directly
contradict each other; but they seem little
adapted to fusion into one unified theory. For the
time being we have to admit that we do not
possess any general theoretical basis for
physics which can be regarded as its logical
foundation.
If, then, it is true that the axiomatic basis of
theoretical physics cannot be extracted from
experience but must be freely invented, can we
ever hope to find the right way? I answer without
hesitation that there is, in my opinion, a right
way, and that we are capable of finding it. I hold
it true that pure thought can grasp reality, as the
ancients dreamed. (Albert Einstein, 1954)
Lee Smolin, 1997) A successful
unification of quantum theory and
relativity would necessarily be a
theory of the universe as a whole.
It would tell us, as Aristotle and
Newton did before, what space
and time are, what the cosmos is,
what things are made of, and what
kind of laws those things obey.
Such a theory will bring about a
radical shift - a revolution - in our
understanding of what nature is. It
must also have wide
repercussions, and will likely
bring about, or contribute to, a
shift in our understanding of
ourselves and our relationship to
the rest of the universe.


Charles Darwin) Although I am fully convinced of the truth of the
views given in this volume I by no means expect to convince experienced
naturalists whose minds are stocked with a multitude of facts all viewed,
during a long course of years, from a point of view directly opposite to mine.
But I look with confidence to the future to young and rising naturalists, who
will be able to view both sides of the question with impartiality. ... In
scientific investigations, it is permitted to invent any hypothesis and, if it
explains various large and independent classes of facts, it rises to the rank
of a well-grounded theory. ... I have called this principle, by which each
slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term Natural Selection.
Today, then, evolution is a term that is not restricted to biology. Ideas are
said to evolve, as well as nations, technologies, indeed anything that
changes. When used in a considered way and not merely as a cliche,
however, the idea of evolution connotes more than change. It implies a
process which, as in biology, is uninterrupted and causal, and which
appears to follow an overall trend. (Robin Cooper, The Evolving Mind)
Science Articles by
Mathematical Physicist
Dr Milo Wolff on the
Wave Structure of Matter
 Dr
Milo Wolff
Galileo Galilei
I wish, my dear Kepler, that we
could have a good laugh
together at the extraordinary
stupidity of the mob. What do
you think of the foremost
philosophers of this University?
In spite of my oft-repeated
efforts and invitations, they have
refused, with the obstinacy of a
glutted adder, to look at the
planets or Moon or my telescope
Evolution
Dead-leaf mimic katydid
Charles Darwin
(1809-1882)
Po
Madam Curie
(1867-1934)
Radioactivity
Ra
Benjamin Franklin
(1706-1790)
Statesman, scientist, inventor,
publisher of the Pennsylvania
Gazette, member of the
Continental Congress and the
Constitutional Convention,
signer of the Declaration of
Independence, first U.S.
Postmaster General, American
commissioner to Paris.

The ENSIGN Plug was also
designed to seal both new and
eroded condenser tubes or heat
exchanger tubes that had
developed a leak. The two part
variable diameter sealing has
been successfully used at both
conventional and nuclear
generating stations. The plug
has no metal parts and does not
need to be material matched to
the tubes.
SHURE CONDENSER
MIC BEYERDYNAMICS
TOA OMNIDIRECTIONAL
Answer the following questions

Why did Benjamin Franklin do the experiment with the
kite ?

Why is it better to make the kite of silk than of paper ?

Do you think Franklin’s experiment was dangerous ?
why ?

What do you take care when you do it with the string?
A record of the experiment
Name
Kite Experiment
Time
In June 1752
People
Franklin and his son
Purpose
Lightning and electricity
are the same.
Things
needed
a kite, a key, some really bad
weather and a condenser
Fly a kite in the thunderstorm/ stand inside a door
Or cover/ string not to touch the wall or door/
One foot or more
“cross”
sharp
piece of
metal
tail
Long string
Silk ribbon
Decide which one is right or wrong







( )In 1752 scientists already knew what electricity is
( )Franklin was helped by a friend to do the experiment.
( ) Franklin made the kite of silk because wet silk does
not conduct electricity .
( ) A condenser was used in experiment to store
electricity .
( ) The kite tied to do the string was put into the door
to stop the kite from flying away .
( ) In order to conduct the electricity well, the kite and
the string are wet from the rain.
( )When you do experiment ,you are sure to keep you
from the electricity .
Language Points
1. a number of
若干, 许多
the number of
……的数量
 2. Having realized that…..当我意识到….
 3. do an experiment
做一个实验
 4. Be beginning to do
开始做某事
 5. Get charged
开始充电
 6. A great deal of
很多的,大量的
 7. Protect ….from
保护….不受伤害

Testing



1. ( ) The number of people invited__fifty, but a number of them
__absent for different reasons.(NMET’96)
A.were , was
B. was , was
C.was , were
D. were , were
2.( )___from heart trouble for years, professor White has to take
some medicine with him wherever he goes. (上海2001春)
A. Suffered
B. Suffering
C. Having suffered D. Being suffered ( ) 3.Cleaning women in
big cities usually
get__by the hour.(NMET’98)
A. pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to pay
( ) 4. New York,__last year, is a nice old
city.(北京2003秋)
A. that I visited
B. which I visited
C. where I visited D. in which I visited
Summary
In order to show that lightning and electricity are the same, Franklin built a
strong kite .When the bad weather came, he did his experiment by using his
kite and condenser. He found that the string was getting charged and he could
feel a light but very clear electric shock. So he store much electricity in the
condenser.This experiment proved his idea.
To do this experiment ,four objects are needed :a kite ,a key , some bad
weather and a condenser.Then the next three steps are very important.First,
fix a very sharp piece of metal. Second, fasten a key to the end of the long
string.Third, tie a silk ribbon
to the string.