List the materials you think have
carbon in them.
How many valence electrons does carbon
have?
How can carbon make so many compounds?
How many valence electrons does carbon
have?
4
How can carbon make so many compounds?
It can combine in many patterns with four
atoms.
What makes carbon super?
C
It has 4 valence electrons
Can bond with 4 atoms
Can combine with atoms in many ways
Carbon connects in different ways
Diamonds and Graphite
Nanotubes
Organic Compounds
Read page 72
Look for main
characteristics of an
organic compound.
Organic Compounds
• Make up 90 % of all
compounds
• Covalent compounds
containing carbon
• They always have
carbon plus a few other
elements like
hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen.
At room temperature it is a dense
gas
O C
O
Found in carbonated drinks
Carbon forms other compounds
Read page 73.
C
C
C
C
C
Hydrocarbons –
Compounds made out of
carbon and hyrdogen
Hydrocarbons
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
When hydrocarbons burn they make
carbon dioxide and water
CH4+ 2O2 →
CO2 + 2H2O
The word, polymer, implies that polymers are
constructed from pieces (monomers) that can be
easily connected into long chains (polymer). When
you look at the above shapes, your mind should see
that they could easily fit together.
Cotton fiber is mostly cellulose, and
cellulose is made of chains of the sugar,
glucose linked together a certain way.
Nylon is used in clothes,
shoes, jackets, belts, and
accessories. It’s not
surprising a magazine is
named after this polymer.
Where did nylon get its
name?
Nylon was discovered in 1935. The name nylon is
derived from two cities where it was discovered namely
New York (NY) and London (LON).
Many + Parts
A polymer made
form just one
monomer is
polyethylene. It
is the most
common plastic
you see.
It is used for
bottles, buckets,
jugs, containers,
toys, even
synthetic
lumber, and
many other
things.
There are two types of
polyethylene polymers
(plastics). One is when
the polyethylene exists as
long straight chains. The
picture here shows the
chains of one carbon with
two hydrogen atoms
repeating. The chain can
be as long as 20,000
carbons to 35,000
carbons. This is called
high density polyethylene
(HDPE).
When the chains get up to 500,000
carbons long, they are tough enough for
synthetic ice, replacement joints, and
bullet-proof vests.
In less than a second, these long straight
chains of carbon and hydrogen are strong
enough to stop a bullet or to handle a
hockey puck flying across the room.
We've mentioned high density polyethylene (HDPE); you
probably were thinking, there must be low density polyethylene
(LDPE). You are correct. It is made by causing the long chains
of ethylene to branch. That way they cannot lie next each
other, which reduces the density and strength of the
polyethylene. This makes the plastic lighter and more flexible.
Low density polyethylene is used to make
plastic bags, plastic wrap, and squeeze bottles,
plus many other things.
By controlling the length and the branching, you can control the final
hardness or flexibility of the polymer plus qualities like resistance to
solvents, acids, or heat.
Plastics are inert and won't react with what is stored in them. They
are durable and won't easily decay, dissolve, or break apart.
These are great qualities, but when you throw them away, they
won't decompose.
Since they don’t decompose, the answer is to recycle
the plastics so they can be remade into something
else. Here we see a bunch of CDs getting recycled.
The decks, fence, stepping stones, house shingles, and the
sweat shirt, were all made from recycled plastic.
The mile long boardwalk at Yellowstone National
Park was made from recycled plastic.
 What
is polymer?
 Investigate and record movement of the
fortune teller fish. What did you do and
what were the results?
 For example:
on the palm of my hand it…
on the back of my hand it…
on the table it …
Provide your explanation of how it works
Read pages 74-76
Fill out chart on next slide.
Compound Carbohydrates
Definition
Function/
Use
Examples
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
But they are too big for our bodies
to use. They need to be broken
down into smaller pieces .
Food is absorbed (taken in) to the body in the small
intestine. The wall of the small intestine has small holes in
it. Only small particles can pass through it:
INSIDE THE
GUT
BODY (BLOOD)
starch
starch
G
starch
G
G
G
G
G
starch
Large particles can be
broken down into small
particles. This is called
DIGESTION
Iodine is the test for starch.
If starch is present, iodine turns blue/black.
 Title
 Purpose
 Procedure
 Data Table
Read Investigating Starch Part One page 10
Read Investigating Starch Instructions page
11
Complete Data Table and Questions page 12
If time allows, read The Dog Ate My
Homework and complete True/False
statement worksheet