TABLE OF CONTENTS
(SIZE OF STUDENT WRITING DETERMINES PAGE NUMBERS)
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TITLE
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
FOCUS QUESTION
WHAT IS LIFE P. 23 DOL 1-4 Q/A
NOTES SCIENTIFIC METHOD
ACCEPTABLE HYPOTHESIS
NOTES DEFINING CONTROL OF VARIABLES
CAMPHOR EXPERIMENT
NOTES LEAST COMPLEX TO MOST COMPLEX
Note on the Microscope
Dry Mount Notes
CELL THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE Page. 30 1-4 Q/A
Labeled cell pictures Monera 3 shapes of bacteria, protest
the paramecium, plant and animal cells
Venn diagram of organelles
THE LOWLY PARAMECIUM 1-4 DOL
Kingdom Monera
Skip 2 to 4 pages depends on how big they write
Kingdom Protista
Wet Mount Notes
Cut and glued venn diagram plant vs. animal
2nd Kingdom Notes Protista
Taxonomy Notes
FOCUS QUESTION
FUNGI NOTES
FUNGI DISSECTION OF BASIDIOMYCOA CAP MUSHROOM
Moss Dissection
TITLE OF SECTION BIOLOGY4KIDS QUIZZES
QUIZ 1 SCIENTIFIC STUDIES
QUIZ 2 GENERAL CELL
QUIZ 3 CELL STRUCTURE
Quiz 4 Microorganisms
QUIZ 5 FUNGI
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PAGE LAST PAGE VOCABULARY
needs to catch up
Needs to complete
WORK TOWARDS THE FRONT OF THE NOTEBOOK
Words 1-15 are done as of 9/26/13 GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Words all to graphic organizer 10/17
ESSENTIAL QUESTION, WHAT IS LIFE?
FOCUS QUESTION “HOW DO SCIENTISTS FIND ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS?
DOL P. 23 Q/A WHAT IS LIFE 1-4
1.
An organism is any living cell or multi-celled structure capable of the 8
characteristics and 2 functions of life by itself.
2.
All organisms need air (gas exchange), water, food (energy), waste
elimination, reproduce, respond to stimuli, grow and die,
2c, 2g, 2r, 2w
composed of cells
consume nutrients
grow and die
gas exchange
reproduce
respond to stimuli
waste elimination
water is needed
3. The function of all living organisms is that energy is used for movement either
internal and/or external.
4. The difference between living, non living, and dead are all living organisms as a
species at one time are capable of the 8 characteristics of life. However, nonliving
means the object was never capable of all 8 characteristics of life and 2 functions of
life at the same time. Dead means the organism no longer is capable of all 8
characteristics of life and 2 functions a same time as a species.
09/12/2013 NOTE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
QUESTION
1.
PROBLEM IS STATED
PURPOSEFUL
2.
HYPOTHESIS IF/THEN STATEMENT ”If strep bacteria grows on the petri
culture then the patient has strep throat.” If the patient has strep
throat, then the strep bacteria cells will grow on the petri dish.”
CONTROLS
3.
MATERIALS be specific, model, make, size, how many, measure in
METRIC Five 50 ml beakers
4.
PROCEDURE numbered steps without pronouns each starts with a verb
1. Collect cells by rubbing cotton Q-tip on patient’s throat
2.
3.
4.
Transfer cells to petri dish
Wait 3 hours for cells to grow
Observe cells
5.DATA COLLECTION – observations, charts, tables, should be quantitative for
PJAS Analysis – graphs of data
6.
RESULTS – Bullet points that discuss graphs
7. CONCLUSION – go back to the hypothesis and restate hypothesis to reflect
results that will accept or reject hypothesis
REJECT – Strep bacteria did not grow in petri culture, patient does not have strep
throat
ACCEPT – Strep bacteria did grow in petri culture; patient does have strep throat
9/17 ACCEPTABLE HYPOTHESES
COPY NOTE: An acceptable hypothesis must be testable by observation and/or
experimentation. Opinions cannot be the basis for a hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS
ARE NOT IN A HYPOTHESIS.
Examples of unacceptable hypothesis:
The air conditioner needs repairs so it is inefficient during the day.
A better cellular phone provided would stop the microwave interruptions.
9/17 “DEFINING CONTROL REQUIRES CONTROL OF VARIABLES”
3 TYPES OF VARIABLES
1 INDEPENDENT VARIABLE – The 1 and only 1 manipulated or changed variable
2 DEPENDENT VARIABLE – The measured outcome that resulted from the independent
variable change. The independent (changed) variable must be the cause of the
dependent (measured) variable
3 CONTROL VARIABLES – the variables that are kept the same in both the experimental
and control group AS MANY AS YOU CAN CONTROL MANY MANY MANY
2 GROUPS
1CONTROL GROUP – Does not contain the independent variable
2 EXPERIMENTAL GROUP – Does contain the independent variable
PRACTICE WITH VARIABLES
Title Experiment Camphor Experiment 9/23
Notes are based on student observations SO THEY WILL BE DIFFERENT BUT ALL
STUDENTS HAVE OBSERVATIONS FOR SEE, HEAR, SMELL, AND FEEL
1.
RECORD YOUR OBSERVATIONS:
I see white and/or tints of darker colors
I hear nothing or popping sound
I smelled it smells like tiger balm or Vaseline or Vicks medicine
I feel a hard square in plastic wrap
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Trace the petri dish
Draw the contents of the petri dish
Discuss 8 characteristics 2C, 2G, 2R, 2W and 2 functions of life
Predict living or nonliving
Prediction living OR nonliving 2nd period 0/19 6TH period 3/17
Discuss possible test to check
QUICK WRITE: THE WATER WAS ADDED AND THE CAMPHOR MOVED IN
CIRCLES AT FIRST. CLUMPS FORMED AND THEN THE CLUMPS MOVED APART
TO FORM SMALLER CLUMPS.
If absent, watch video to draw it is posted online.
Camphor without water
Camphor with water
PLANT CELLS
Smallest particle known to the universe from least complex to most complete
9/24/13
AMC TO SO PC EB
ATOM
MOLECULE
CELL ORGANELLES GO INTO CELLS SO WE DO NOT PUT ORGANELLES
TISSUE
ORGAN
SYSTEM
ORGANISM
POPULATION
COMMUNITY
ECOSYSTEM
BIOSPHERE
3 “O” WORDS FROM LEAST COMPLEX TO MOST COMPLEX
ORGANELLE, ORGAN, ORGANISM
Notes on the Microscope 9/25
1.
Use the lower objective lens to find the object
2.
Diaphragm changes the amount of light going through to the objective lens and eyepiece
3.
Hold it by the arm and base
4.
Two things about clicking or you get a black dark area: CLICK OBJECTIVE LENSE AND CLICK DIAPHRAGM
5.
YOU WILL BREAK THE GLASS IF YOU MOVE TOO QUICKLY ON THE COARSE OR FINE OBJECIVE LENSE
Dry Mount Notes 10/01
1Touch only the outside of the slides NO FINGER PRINTS
2 Use tweezers to sandwich the material between two glass slides
3 Use 10X to find material
4 Today, use only 10X and continue to use 10X only until directed to go to a higher
magnification.
I know it states 100X can be used, but we are just learning to use a microscope to only
use up to10X today.
10/02 CELL THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE Page 30 1-4 Q/A
P. 30 DOL 1-4 Q/A
1. Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. Pro = no
Eu=true YOU Prokaryotic cells are in Monera Kingdom consisting of bacteria.
2. The cell membrane and cells wall could now hold in the water so cells could leave the
water.
3. All cells have water and need water to survive.
4. Cells are the basic unit of life. (It was an “or” type question.
10/07 Pictures of4/5 Kingdom Cells Monera (3 shapes of bacteria) Protista (the
paramecium), Plant and Animal Cells
Monera http://www.knowledgeallocator.com/article/are-bacteria-important128.html
Protista http://www.chantalstoop.nl/giparamecium-diagram-labeled.php
Fungi missing in DOL
Plant http://depositphotos.com/12480016/stock-illustration-Plant-cell.html
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/VHXPhV17JZg/UUbsyaO
ghtI/AAAAAAAAAA/yB0cUpqUbRA/s1600/
cellpic.jpg
10/09 Drawn by students for shoestring performance done in class
Venn diagram Animal and Plant Cell from String Lab
Animal
Cells
(Similarities)
Plant
Cells
(differences)
10/09 The Lowly Paramecium 1-4
1
2
3
4
(differences)
10/11 Five Kingdoms
First Kingdom Monera
Bacteria
10/16/13
Aerobes need oxygen
cyanobacteria
Anaerobes live w/o oxygen (oldest)
3 shapes
Rod bacilli
Spiral spirilla
Sphere cocci
skip 2 to 4 pages for other kingdoms
10/17 Second Kingdom Protista
http://www.cladocera.de/rotifera/taxonomy/rot.html
Draw pictures from pg. 4-7 of DOL that were viewed as preset slides with ID cards at 5
microscope stations example: rotaria (right) , 4 paramecium (left),
11/ 7 Second Kingdom Protista continued….
Taxonomy 11/7
King -Kingdom
Phillip has –Phylum
Class and -Class
Orders the - Order
Family- Family
Jeans from - Genus
Sears-Species
2nd Kingdom Protista 11/7
Eukaryotic
Membrane covered nucleus
REPRODUCE by asexual mitosis reproduce by themselves by making a duplicate
identical cell and splitting
Phylum
Sample
organism
Protozoa
Euglena
Ciliophora
Sarcodine
Paramecium
Amoeba
Movement
created by
Cilia
Pseudopod
Fake foot
Mastigophora Trypanosome Flagella
Sporozoans
Plasmodium None
Describe
Animal like
also plant
like
2 nuclei
Engulf food
Parasites
Parasites
Plant-like Protists - include algae (red, green, brown) euglena, diatoms, and
dinoflagellates.
Animal – like Protists- flagellates Amoeba
Plant and Animal like Protists- Euglena
Fungi – like Protists –slime mold, water mold, and mildew
11/8
Evidence of evolving single celled organisms
Organism
Amoeba
Euglena
Reproduce
by
Asexual
mitosis
Asexual
mitosis
Paramecium Asexual
mitosis
Movement
created by
Pseudopod
How they
eat
Ingest
Flagella
Gullet or
produce
their own
food
Intake
through
oral grove
Cilia
Organelle(s) involved in
eating
Contractile and food
vacuole
Gullet and chloroplast
Oral grove, Contractile and
food vacuole
Third Kingdom Fungi
11/18
Analogy
spore:fungi
(gametes):human
3 reproductive structures of 3 different fungi
1 Sporangia- zygote fungi the upper hypha, spore cases
2 Asci-sac fungi where spore are produced
Budding-asexual reproduction of some sac fungi it is where new fungi form
off the side of old fungi
3 Basidium-Club Fungi reproduction structure
analogyAsci:Sac Fungi
Basidium:Club Fungi
Fungi-difference between fungi and plant
No chlorophyll, no leaves, roots, or stems, no seeds
Lichen – fungus + green algae or cyanobacteria
Symbiosis – when two organisms have a relationship where one or both may
benefit
Mutualism- a type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit such as the lichen
(cyanobacteria and fungi or algae and fungi)
Dissection of Fungi
Club Fungi
Cap Mushroom
Fourth Kingdom Plantae
Subsection
Seedless Nonvascular Plants
Non-vascular-without vascular tissues (NO ROOTS OR STEMS)
Pioneer plant- the first plants that grow in a new undisturbed area
Moss- non-vascular, low-growing, live in moist places so they can absorb nutrients so
that the sperm cells can swim to egg cells for reproduction, they also absorb
nutrients directly into their cells
Rhizoids - root like structures found on moss, not roots but serve the same
function (SUPPORT AND ANCHOR)
Liverwort - a nonvascular simple seedless and rootless plant that was once
thought to heal diseases of the liver and has a flattened leaf life body
alternation of generation - a continuous cycle of plants that switch between
the sporophyte stage and gametophyte stage
Gametophyte – form when gametes, sex cells egg/sperm, are made
Sporophyte – form when spores are made
Dissection of MOSS
Subsection
Seedless Vascular Plants
Vascular Tissue - long tube shaped cells that carry water, minerals, and nutrients
through some types of plants
Ferns- the largest group of seedless vascular plants
Rhizome -the underground stem of a fern
Sori - structure that makes spores found on the lower surface of a fern leaf
Frond - leaf of a fern
Epiphyte - a plant that grown on another plant for support
Prothallus - a heart shaped plant that is made from germinating fern spores
Subsection
Seed Vascular Plants
Lima Bean Dissection
Procedure:
1. Place one white- unfolded napkin on desk
2. Using magnifying glass - observe the seed coat of the lima bean seed
3. Draw the lima bean seed inclusive of the magnified seed coat observations
and label
4. Record a blurb about the observations of cracks or any missing seed coat
5. Fold paper towel in four overlapping sections
6. Trace the petri dish onto the paper towel and cut out the circle
7. Place two layers of the circles into the petri dish
8. Roll the remaining two layers to the middle and place on top of the two paper
towels in the petri dish
9. Using graduated cylinder and meniscus of the
water for proper measurement add 10 mL of water
by pouring over the paper towels in the petri dish.
NOTE: The wet roll will make a shelf to hold the
seed
10. Put the lid on the petri dish
11. Label the lid with group names and period
Kingdom Animalia
10/12 Making A Wet Mount
10/17/13 Plant vs. Animal Cell Cut and Glue
SKIP TO MIDDLE OF THE NOTEBOOK LABEL BIOLOGY4KIDS
BIOLOGY4KIDS SCIENTIFIC STUDIES
THIS IS A SAMPLE SETUP CORNELL METHOD
ANSWERS ARE PROVIDED ONLINE
STUDENTS ARE TO WRITE ALL ANSWERS FOR 1-10 AND CIRCLE THE CORRECT ANSWER
Biology4Kids Quiz 1 Scientific Method
ANSWERS
Question
1 The scientific method was developed to help scientists organize the process of solving
problems.
2 Which of these is not a step of the scientific method?
You MAY take the quiz as many times as you desire to improve your depth of
knowledge.
Quiz 2 General Cell
Quiz 3 Cell Structures
Quiz 4 Micro Organisms
Quiz 5 Fungi
LAST PAGE OF THE NOTEBOOK TITLE VOCABULARY THIS SECTION WORKS TOWARDS THE
FRONT OF THE NOTEBOOK. DEFINITIONS ARE POSTED AFTER REVIEW. DEFINITIONS ARE
TO BE IN THE STUDENT’S OWN WORDS AND A WORKABLE DEFINITION.
VOCABULARY
1. QUALITATIVE-Facts that come from experiments where observations
using your senses provide the data
2. QUANTITATIVE-Facts that come from experiments proven
many times which are true facts and the data is in numbers
3 DEDUCTIVE REASONING-Logical reasoning based on first having a conclusion and then
find support to validate or prove the conclusion DCE
4 INDUCTIVE REASONING-Logical reasoning based on finding evidence that leads to a
logical conclusion IEC
5 Hypothesis-A logical explanations for observations observed without experimentation
of your own, but the experimentation from others can be used to support your position
in the hypothesis
6 Theory-A universal truth uses many observations and has a lot of experiments over
time as evidence, can be applied to unrelated facts and used to create new relationships
7 Law-MUST BE UNIVERSAL ALWAYS BE TRUE WHICH IS WHY THERE ARE VERY FEW
LAWS IN SCIENCE STANDS THE TEST OF TIME WITHOUT CHANGE. MANY EXPERIMENTS
SUPPORT. USED TO MAKE PREDICTIONS IN NEW AND DIFFERENT SITUATIONS
8 Model A scientific statement that has some experimental validity or is a scientific
concept that tis only accurate under limited situations. Models do not work or apply
UNIVERSALLY in many different situations
9 Living – an organism that is capable of all 8 characteristics of life and 2 functions as a
species and can die
10 Dormant – SUSPENDED ACTIVITY of biotic (living) or abiotic (nonliving) parts of an
ecosystem. Until a condition is met to create movement.
11 Diapause – SUSPENDED DEVELOPMENT of LIVING ORGANISMS through a life span
until favorable conditions are met to continue development.
12 Hibernate – The slowing of bodily functions for a seasonal time to rest
13 Field of View – The total white area that can be seen through the eyepiece of a
microscope
14 Total Magnification – Eyepiece strength x objective lens strength
15 FOCAL PLANE – perpendicular to the lens or mirror
ORGANELLES (added 10/08)
1 Cell Wall – only in plant cells, the very outside, strength, structure, support
2 Endoplasmic reticulum – Rough ER (RER) holds ribosomes
3 Food Vacuole – plants cells, holds water
4 mitochondria – power house or energy maker of the cell
5 chloroplasts – plants only, makes chlorophyll
6 Lysosomes – house of enzymes (starters of reactions) that eliminate cellular waste
7 cell membrane – eukaryotic cells lets needed item in or not need item out of the cell
8 Golgi body – packages simple items needed for cell function and transports the larger
molecules where needed
9 plasma membrane or cell membrane-the outer double layer of a cell that lets needed
items in and keeps undesirable items out of the cell. Bounds or holds in organelles
10 ribosomes – used in making proteins - not really an organelle, can be attached to
endoplasmic reticulum, called rough endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes and smooth
endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes
11 Nucleus – brain of the cell, control center
Virus – not alive, must have a host to duplicate, does not have double strand of DNA but
can have a single strand of DNA or RNA.
Bacteria – refer to The First of Five Kingdoms notes
Must have a Graphic Organizer of Words to sort words that are alike in a flowing
pattern