Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Developing Learning
Objects:
Practice
1
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Learning theories
 behavioral
 cognitive
 constructivist
2
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Behavioral learning
 influenced externally
 demonstrated by observed behavior
3
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Behavioral instructors
 help students form associations
 provide reinforcement
▪ positive
▪ negative
4
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Applying Behavioral Learning Theory
Area
Application
learning
definition
change in the probability of a
behavior occurring
instructional
design
create the learning environment
learning
object role
state objectives; guide behavior;
arrange reinforcement; manage
external contingencies
5
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Cognitive learning
 internally changed memory
 demonstrated by recall
6
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Cognitive instructors
 link new information to old
 design “seven + two” activities
 facilitate transfer
 make organizing schemes explicit
7
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Applying Cognitive Learning Theory
Area
Application
learning
definition
change in knowledge stored in
memory
instructional
design
create problem-solving and
structured search activities
learning
object role
organize new information; link new
information to old; arrange
conditions to support memory
8
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Constructivist learning
 internally changed meaning
 demonstrated by practice
9
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Constructivist instructors
 start with narrative
 provide reflection opportunities
10
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Applying Constructivist Learning Theory
Area
Application
learning
definition
change in meaning constructed from
experience
instructional
design
peer interaction and building on
known concepts
learning
object role
present models of realistic problems
to solve; provide group learning
opportunities
11
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Theory
Control
behavioral
instructor
cognitive
individual
constructivist
group
12
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Adapted from Ertmer and Newby: Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism
13
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Constructivist learning object challenges
 multiple contexts
 community interaction
14
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Social learning
 derived from culture
 results from problem-solving
 internalized through language
 demonstrated by interaction
▪ zone of proximal development (ZPD)
▪ informal social networks
15
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Brain-based learning
 dual processor
 logic + pattern
 attention + peripheral perception
 rote or spatial
 demonstrated via
▪ immersion
▪ challenges
▪ analysis and customization
16
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Decisions, decisions
 level of context
 cognitive level
 assessment and communication
Good practices
 narrative & metaphor
 manageable chunks (seven + two)
 model answers
17
Developing Learning Objects:
Practice
Exercise:
Practice design
18
This presentation was developed by Liz
Glowa and Michael Anderson and was edited
by William Hawk, June Weis, and Lisa
Johnson. Development of this resource was
funded by the members of the SREB Sharable
Content Object Repositories for Education
(SCORE) initiative.