Modeling Continuing Resources in
FRBR [and More]
Judith A. Kuhagen
CPSO, Library of Congress
FRBR Workshop - OCLC
May 2, 2005
Continuing resources

2
Bibliographic resource issued over time with no
predetermined conclusion:
–
Serials
–
Ongoing integrating resources
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Serial

A continuing resource issued in a succession of
discrete parts, usually bearing numbering, that has
no predetermined conclusion.
–
3
Includes magazines, electronic journals, annual reports,
newspapers, monographic series …
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Integrating resource

A bibliographic resource that is added to or changed
by means of updates that do not remain discrete and
are integrated into the whole
–
–
4
Continuing (or finite)
Includes updating loose-leafs and updating Web sites
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Challenges of continuing resources?
5

Seriality

Number of records per cataloging codes

Range of relationships, especially for serials
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Seriality

Susceptibility to change over time:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
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Title(s)
Responsible persons/bodies
Publisher, manufacturer, etc.
Numbering
Content
Physical carrier
Etc.
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
How is seriality of serials handled in
cataloging codes?

Number of records:
–
–

Description in record:
–
–
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One record, or
Multiple (successive) records
Based on latest issue, or
Based on earliest issue
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
How is seriality of integrating resources
handled in cataloging codes?

Often not in general cataloging codes (e.g., not in
AACR2 until Dec. 2002)

Principle of single record based on latest (i.e.,
current) iteration/state of resource
–

8
Update single record as resource changes
Reality: sometimes multiple records for single
resource due to difficulties in identification of
resource
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
What is a serial work?
RCA series on safe climbing (v. 1-7)
changed to:
Safe climbing series of the Rock Climbing
Association (v. 8-12)
changed to:
Safe climbing series of the RCA (no. 1-
3 works or 2 or 1?
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OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
If work-ness is related to number of
records …
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
If issues on previous slide cataloged per AACR2 Dec.
2002+ = 1 record based on v. 1

If cataloged per AACR2 prior to Dec. 2002 = 3 records,
each based on earliest issue of each segment

If cataloged prior to AACR = 2 records: one record for
1st & 2nd titles based on v. 8; another record for 3rd title
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Relationships of serials


Earlier/later within the “same serial”
Earlier/later beyond the “same serial”
–

Alternate editions*
–
–


Mergers, splits
Language
Physical medium
Reproductions
Whole/part
*Considered most important by IFLA FRBR CR Group
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OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
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Earlier/later within the “same serial”

Proposal: consider that all segments of a serial
(represented by one or multiple bibliographic
records due to different methods of accommodating
seriality) together equal one serial work

Important:
–
–
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Be able to find
Be able to identify
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Earlier/later beyond the same serial

Proposal doesn’t mean condensing all serials into
only a few “mega-serials”

New serial works when chronological relationship
is not a one-to-one relationship
–
–
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Mergers
Splits
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Alternate editions

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Important: beyond finding and identifying, being
able to select
–
User’s preference/need for language
–
User’s preference/need for physical format
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Reproductions

May not be issued/released with same mode of
issuance as the “original”
–

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Should be considered as same to satisfy the user’s need to
find and identify = surrogate for the original
User’s need to select: preference/need for different
physical format
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Whole/part

Some serials and integrating resources are aggregate
resources (work of works), e.g.:
–
–
–

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Monographic series: volumes
Journals: issues, articles
Loose-leaf services: monographs, serials, integrating
resources
May or may be bibliographic record for resource as
a whole – local decision
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
is component of
Continuing resource content
Title
has
has
has
Editorial version
Linguistic version
is published as
represents
Publication
has
Physical version – general type
has
Physical version – specific type
is materialized as
Set of
issues,
complete
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is part of
Individual
issue
is part of
is part of
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Individual issues
bound together
[Patrick Le Bœuf 25aug04]
Kuhagen
Other resources with seriality?

Yes, behavior not affected by intended end:
–
–

Somewhat easier to manage:
–
–
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Finite integrating resources
Multipart monographs
Identifying what is a work/expression
Number of records: usually only one
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
What adjustments to FRBR model?
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
Acknowledging seriality of resources (noted in
“Areas for further study”)

Reconsidering some attributes

Another mode of issuance: streaming resources
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Acknowledging seriality

Attributes of a manifestation now only for
concurrent manifestations:
–

Need concept of consecutive manifestations of same
work/expression
–
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Different title, place of publication, publisher, series,
physical medium, etc.
Change in title, place of publication, publisher, series,
physical medium, etc.
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Reconsidering some attributes

Redefining some expression attributes as belonging
to manifestation, e.g.,
–
–

Expected regularity of issue (serial)*
Expected frequency of issue (serial)*
Considering if edition/issue designation, now at
manifestation level, should also be at expression
level for some serials
*proposal from the CONSER Task Force on FRBR and Continuing Resources
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OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Streaming resources

From work of Carol Van Nuys and her colleagues in
Paradigma Project

Consider:
–
–
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Resources themselves vs. how resources represented by
bibliographic records
Attributes same or different?
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Non-bibliographic model

Using work authority record: next two slides as
examples
–
From Barbara Tillett’s presentation at American Library
Association (Jan. 2005)
http://www.ala.org/ala/alctscontent/serialssection/serialscomm/
contresourcecata/2005midwintermeeting.htm
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OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
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Sample authority record (partial)
Fixed fields
010
LCCN
035
System control number
022
1091-6660 $8 1 ISSN
022
1744-9979 $8 2
040
Cataloging source
050
RM173 LC class number
130
Therapeutic apheresis $f Feb. 1997Dec. 2002 $8 1
130
Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis $f Jan.
2003- $8 2
430
$w d $a Ther Apher Dial $8 2
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OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Another example
1XX
1XX
1XX
4XX
530
530
580
852
852
852
852
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Title ABC $f Jan. 1955 – Sept. 1986 $8 1
Title ADF $f Oct. 1986 – Dec, 2003 $8 2
Title BGH $f Jan. 2004- $8 3
Variant ABCyy $8 1
Title P $0 (DLC) n5112345 $w a
Title Q $0 (DLC) n4783376 $w a
Note to explain P and Q merged to form ABC
Link to holdings record $8 1
Link to holdings record $8 2
Link to holdings record $8 3
Link to holdings record for digital $8 1 $8 2 $8 3
OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen
Questions/Discussion?
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OCLC 2005 FRBR Workshop
Kuhagen