4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
•Set up Cornell Notes on
pg. 37
•Topic: Chemical Energy
and ATP
•Essential Question:
How are some organisms
able to survive without
sunlight and
photosynthesis?
4.1 Chemical
2.1 Atoms,
Ions, Energy and ATP
and Molecules
How are some organisms able to survive without
sunlight and photosynthesis?
Key Concept: All cells need
chemical energy
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• 5 top missed questions
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
The phospholipid bilayer of a cellular membrane is shown
in the diagram above. Active transport is the primary
function of the structure labeled
"A".
"B".
"C".
"D".
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
The phospholipid bilayer of a cellular membrane is shown
in the diagram above. Active transport is the primary
function of the structure labeled
"A".
"B".
"C".
"D".
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• Which of the following statements is true about cell
structure?
A. Cells are enclosed by a thin, single layer of phospholipids
and protein molecules
B. Cells are enclosed by a solid layer, or cell wall, for support
C. Cells are enclosed with semipermeable membranes
D. Cell casings allow molecules to pass unhindered in or out
of the cell
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• Which of the following statements is true about cell
structure?
A. Cells are enclosed by a thin, single layer of phospholipids
and protein molecules
B. Cells are enclosed by a solid layer, or cell wall, for support
C. Cells are enclosed with semipermeable membranes
D. Cell casings allow molecules to pass unhindered in or out
of the cell
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• The table above shows the characteristics of four different
single–celled organisms. Which of the organism(s) are
prokaryotic?
organism W and organism Z
organism X and organism Y
organism X only
organism Y only
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• The table above shows the characteristics of four different
single–celled organisms. Which of the organism(s) are
prokaryotic?
organism W and organism Z
organism X and organism Y
organism X only
organism Y only
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Osmosis occurs in living organisms as water moves
across the cellular membrane. An environment is
hypotonic when the concentration of solutes in the
environment is less than the concentration of solutes
inside the cell.
In hypotonic environments, water flows
inside and outside the cell at equal rates.
from the cell into the environment.
from the environment into the cell.
from high concentration of solutes to low concentration of
solutes.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Osmosis occurs in living organisms as water moves
across the cellular membrane. An environment is
hypotonic when the concentration of solutes in the
environment is less than the concentration of solutes
inside the cell.
In hypotonic environments, water flows
inside and outside the cell at equal rates.
from the cell into the environment.
from the environment into the cell.
from high concentration of solutes to low concentration of
solutes.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• The smooth endoplasmic reticulum ____________
A.
B.
C.
D.
modifies lipids
modifies proteins
synthesizes ribosomes
synthesizes proteins
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• The smooth endoplasmic reticulum ____________
A.
B.
C.
D.
modifies lipids
modifies proteins
synthesizes ribosomes
synthesizes proteins
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
KEY CONCEPT
All cells need chemical energy.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
P. 36
ATP and ADP picture
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Top of pg. 36
• Do energy drinks or power bars do
something different from any other foods
you eat?
– If so, what do they do? (how do they affect
you?)
– What causes them to do this? (ingredients?)
They may contain certain types of carbohydrates
that can be used more quickly and so supply
energy faster.
Note: An energy bar provides no more energy
than a bagel or banana
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
California Standard
1.f- Know that useable energy is captured
from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored
through the synthesis of sugar from carbon
dioxide.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Ch. 4 In a Nutshell…
• *The cells of ALL organisms need chemical energy for
ALL of their processes.
• Plants absorb energy from sunlight
– Some of that energy is stored in sugars (Photosynthesis)
• Cells break down sugars to produce usable chemical energy
for their functions (Cellular Respiration)
• *Without organisms that make sugars, living things on
Earth could not survive
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried
by adenosine triphosphate aka ATP.
• ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food
molecules to fuel all cellular functions
Remember from Ch. 2:
Energy is released
when bonds break!
– When the unstable 3rd phosphate breaks off- A blast of
energy is released!
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
+
phosphate removed
– Adenosine diphosphate aka ADP is a lower-energy
molecule than ATP with only 2 phosphates.
– ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is
added
-
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
ATP and ADP
+
Draw and label pg. 36
Bonds breakreleasing
energy
-
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds.
– Carbohydrates and lipids (fats) are the most important
energy sources in foods you eat
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Foods that you eat do NOT contain ATP.
– First the food must be digested, which breaks
down food into smaller molecules that can make
ATP.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly
broken down to make ATP.
adenosine
triphosphate
ATP
tri=3
adenosine
di=2
ADP
diphosphate
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• Fats store the most energy.
– 80 percent of the energy in your body is stored in fat
• Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make
ATP.
(Fats)
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Point to Ponder (Pg. 36)
• If we get our energy from food….
– Where does our food get its energy?
- Hint: Your food is probably a plant or animal
• Plants get their energy from the sun
• Animals get their energy from the plants they eat
• Ipso Facto: We all get our energy by using sunlight
through PHOTOSYNTHESIS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and
photosynthesis as a source of energy.
• Some organisms live in places
that never get sunlight.
• In chemosynthesis, chemical
energy is used to build
carbon-based molecules.
– uses chemical energy
instead of light energy
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Chemosynthesis Video