Food
Definition
 Food is any substance that can be metabolized by an
organism to give energy and build tissue

Metabolize- ability to break things down through bodily
process
Parts of Food
 Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins
 Substances that supply energy and building materials when
they are oxidized in the body
 These are specific substances listed on food labels
Carbohydrates and Fats
 Are the primary sources of energy
 Contain only
 Carbon
 Hydrogen
 Oxygen
 Fats contain less oxygen than carbohydrates
 They provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates
Proteins
 Used for building body tissue
 Muscles
 Bones
 Heart Tissue
 Etc.
 Keeps the body from breaking down its own tissue
 Primary substance for body’s building materials
 Found mainly in your meats
Calcium
 Does not build Body materials
 Strengthens bony structures
 Needs other vitamins to work
Fiber
 Special type of Carbohydrate
 Passes through the human digestive system almost
unchanged without being broken down into
nutrients
 It can absorb large amount of water in the bowels

Allows for stool to be softer and easier to pass
 Found in a lot of your fruits and vegetables
Digestive System
 Starts in the mouth where saliva breaks down food
 Teeth and tongue break down food further and
pushes it to the esophagus to the stomach
 The stomach breaks down the food further through
gastric juice and stomach muscles
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Large pieces are churned and squeezed
Turns into a liquid mixture
Emptied to the small intestine
Goes through the rest of the body and turned to bodily waste
Food Labels
 National Labeling and Education Act(NLEA) of 1990
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established the requirement for food labeling
All food labels are required to show the same
information for people
FDA and USDA are responsible for deciding what
goes on these
FDA=Food and Drug Administration
USDA= United States Department of Agriculture
Nutrients
 Two Major Groups
 Macronutrients
 Micronutrients
 Macronutrients
 Need a large amount of this type
 Example- Carbohydrate, Protein, Fat
 Micronutrients
 Need a small amount of this type
 Example- vitamins and minerals