22/07/2013

3.5 Billion liters of used oil produced every
year in North America.
 83% is burned as fuel
 17% re-refined
 Re-refining produces 75% base oil, 12% fuel oil
and 12% residue. Residue used to modify Asphalt

RHVDB
 Re-refined Heavy Vacuum Distillate Bottoms is the
12%.
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
There is an increased demand for softer
grade asphalt binders such as PG 58-28, 5234 .
 Increased RAP usage
 Use of RAS
 Increased demand for improved low temperature
grades to reduce cracking.

Limits on the availability of crudes to produce
softer grade straight binders.
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
Does RHVDB negatively affect binder aging?

Does RHVDB affect moisture sensitivity?

Does RHVDB have separation issues?
Asphalt Binder
RHVDO
Safety-Kleen; East
Chicago, IL RHVDB 1
Safety-Kleen; Breslau,
Ontario, Canada RHVDB 2
Safety-Kleen; East
BP;
Chicago, IL RHVDB 1
Calumet,
Safety-Kleen; Breslau,
IL
Ontario, Canada RHVDB 2
Marathon;
Detroit, MI
Blend percentage
0
2
4
6
8
20
0
2
4
6
8
20
0
2
4
6
8
20
0
2
4
6
8
20
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Property
Test Method
Results
RHVDB1
RHVDB 2
5.7
8.8
2.6
6.6
44.7
51.9
0
0
52.7
41.5
EN 12606-1
0.28
0.1
ASTM D 2042
99.3
98.7
Basic Composition: As Received
Ash, %
AASHTO T 111
Asphaltenes
Component
Fractions, %
Polar Aromatics
Naphthene
Aromatics
ASTM D 4124,
SARA Fractions
by Iatroscan
Saturates
Wax, %
Solubility, %



These Materials contained no Wax.
There are no Naphthene Aromatics.
Basic make‐up Saturates and Polar Aromatics.
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Property
Test Method
Marathon
BP
Basic Composition: As Received
Ash, %
AASHTO T 111
0.04
0.06
Solubility, %
ASTM D 2042
99.98
99.94
14.9
14.2
39.7
39.7
34.6
36.9
10.8
9.9
Asphaltenes
Component
Fractions, %
Polar Aromatics
Naphthene
Aromatics
ASTM D 4124,
SARA Fractions
by Iatroscan
Saturates
AASHTO M 320, Table 1, PG continuous grade
Lab Blends %
Marathon PG
w/RHVDB 1
Marathon PG
w/RHVDB 2
BP
PG
w/RHVDB 1
BP
PG
w/RHVDB 2
0
2
4
6
8
20
67.3 -26.2
68.3 -25.0
64.9 -26.5
64.2 -27.6
62.6 -26.5
55.6 -26.6
67.3 -26.2
65.9 -24.8
66.0 -25.7
65.6 -25.9
64.9 -27.6
61.5 -26.0
66.5 -25.9
64.7 -26.7
63.9 -27.2
62.6 -28.1
61.0 -27.4
55.8 -29.8
66.5 -25.9
65.5 -26.0
64.3 -27.1
63.9 -27.7
63.3 -27.3
60.1 -31.0
64-22
64-22
64-22
64-22
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AASHTO M 320, Table 2, PG continuous grade
Lab Blends %
Marathon
w/RHVDB 1
Marathon
w/RHVDB 2
BP
w/RHVDB 1
BP
w/RHVDB 2

PG
64-22
PG
64-22
PG
64-22
PG
64-22
0
2
4
6
8
20
67.3 -24.3
68.3 -27.0
64.9 -28.3
64.2 -28.0
62.6 -30.6
55.6 -32.4
67.3 -24.3
65.9 -26.5
66.0 -27.4
65.6 -27.5
64.9 -29.2
61.5 -30.8
66.5 -24.1
64.7 -26.9
63.9 -26.9
62.6 -30.0
61.0 -28.3
55.8 -33.2
66.5 -24.1
65.5 -25.0
64.3 -28.1
63.9 -27.0
63.3 -29.4
60.1 -36.0
The effect on the high temperature grade is
base binder, RHVDB dependent.
 RHVDB 1 reduced the high temperature more
than RHVDB 2.
 Likely due to higher saturates in RHVDB 1.
 There is minor differences between Marathon and
BP binders.
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‐20
Continuous Grade
‐22
‐24
y = ‐0.1787x ‐ 26.342
R² = 0.8915
‐26
‐28
Table 1
‐30
Table 2
‐32
y = ‐0.4045x ‐ 25.537
R² = 0.8557
‐34
‐36 0
5
10
% RHVDB
15
20
6
Stress Mpa
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
5
10
RHVDO % 15
20
stress 20hr/PAV
stress 35hr/PAV
8
Strain at failure %
22/07/2013
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
5
10
RHVDO % 15
20
strain 20hr/PAV
strain 35hr/PAV






RHVDB reduced the low temperature grades of
the base binders.
Much smaller affect on Table 1 compared to
Table 2.
BBR m value not effected compared to stiffness
DDT strength not effected
DTT strain at failure increased
Extended PAV conditioning caused little change
in low temperature properties.
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30
y = ‐0.5627x + 23.901
R² = 0.9821
Linear trend 35hr/PAV
Continuous grade °C
25
20
15
20hr/PAV
35hr/PAV
10
y = ‐0.6147x + 21.871
R² = 0.9609 Linear trend 20hr/PAV
5
0
0




5
10
RHVDO % 15
20
RHVDB reduced the Intermediate DSR values.
Linear relationship between % RHVDB and reduction.
Rate of aging is controlled by the base asphalt.
RHVDB does not increase aging.
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40
% SARA Fractions
35
30
25
Asphaltenes Original
20
NA Original
15
Asphaltenes 20hr/PAV
10
NA 20hr/PAV
5
0
0



10
20
RHVDO %
30
The SARA fractions reflected the rheological properties of the binder blends.
Minor reduction asphaltenes with larger increases in saturates and polar aromatics
Change in fractions controlled by the base binder.
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




The SARA fractions of the RHVDB’s indicated that the
material is primarily made-up of half and half polar
aromatics and saturates. Saturates help disperse the
asphaltenes reducing associations that cause
embrittlement.
Neither of the RHVDB’s used in the study contained
greater than 0.32 percent wax indicating that the material
is not likely to cause physical hardening in asphalt
blends.
The addition of RHVDB to the asphalt binder reduces the
high, intermediate and low temperature properties of the
asphalt binder. The extent of the reduction is binder and
RHVDB dependent. The change in properties was
linearly related to the percent addition of RHVDB.
Rheological testing indicated that changes in properties
from PAV conditioning was controlled by the base
asphalt properties. The addition of the RHVDB even up
to 20 percent did not change the overall aging rate of
change in properties of the base asphalt binder.
SARA fractions of the asphalt binder RHVDB blends
verified the results of the rheological testing. The
addition of the RHVDB reduced the asphaltenes in the
blends reducing he binder stiffness. The addition of the
RHVDB did not increase the aging of the binder. There
was almost no increase from 20 to 35 hour PAV
conditioning.
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


Use two mixes from U. Illinois Moisture damage study N70 N90 mixes, 70 gyration and 90 gyration Mixes
Use Illinois stone, Dolomitic Limestone
Modify a PG 64‐22 with 2, 4 & 6 % RHVDB
Modify a PG 64‐22 with 46‐34 to produce 58‐22 control for RHVDB binders.
FWHA .45 Power Chart
Percent Passing

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
.
0.75 0.3 1.18 2.36 4.75
9.5 12.5 19.0 25.0
0.15 0.6
Sieve Size mm, raised to .45 power
Max Density
N90
N70
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Binder Blend
Designation
BP PG64-22
Control
BP PG64-22 with 2% EcoAddz
2% EcoAddz
80% BP PG64-22 blended with 20% BP PG46-34
Control4 and Control14
BP PG64-22 with 4% EcoAddz
4% EcoAddz
75% BP PG64-22 blended with 25% BP PG46-34
Control6 and Control16
BP PG64-22 with 6% EcoAddz
6% EcoAddz
BP PG64-22 with 10% EcoAddz
10% EcoAddz
Make the controls PG grade meet the RHVDB blends as close as possible
70
60
Grade temp
50
40
30
66.2
64.6
62.7
63.1
61.9
62
61.2
59.8
‐25.61
‐26.92
‐27.08
‐26.93
‐27.88
‐27.45
‐29.09
‐28.83
Control
2%
EcoAddz
4%
EcoAdzz
PG Equiv.
4%
EcoAddz
20
10
0
‐10
‐20
‐30
6%
6%
6%
10%
EcoAddz EcoAddz EcoAddz & EcoAddz
PG
0.5% AS
Equivalent
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100
TSR %
95
90
85
80
75
Control


10%
6%
6%
4%
6%
2%
4%
EcoAddz EcoAddz EcoAddz EcoAddz EcoAddz EcoAddz EcoAddz
& 0.5%
PG
PG
AS
Equiv.
Equiv.
The blends with RHVDB show no indication
that they increase Moisture damage.
ALL TSR ratios well above the 85 % minimum
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Rut mm @ 7500 passes
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Control
10%
6%
6%
4%
6%
2%
4%
EcoAddz EcoAddz EcoAddz EcoAddz EcoAddz EcoAddz EcoAddz
& 0.5%
PG
PG
AS
Equiv,
Equiv.
Illinois Spec limit
Illinois Spec limit
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


All mixes meet the rutting criteria for both PG
64 and 58 requirements.
The RHVDB mixes typically performed better
than the equivalent PG control mixes.
None of the Mixes indicated any stripping
inflection point except the 10% blend. This is
likely not stripping but just a very soft binder.
Dynamic Modulus, E*, ksi
10,000
N70 Master Curves at 20°C
1,000
100
10
1.E‐05
1.E‐03
1.E‐01
1.E+01
1.E+03
1.E+05
Frequency, Hz
Control
2% EcoAddz
4% EcoAddz
6% EcoAddz PG Equiv.
6% EcoAddz
6% EcoAddz, 0.5% AS
10% EcoAddz
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Dynamic Modulus, E*, ksi
10,000
N90 Master Curves at 20°C
1,000
100
10
1.E‐05
1.E‐04
1.E‐03
1.E‐02
1.E‐01
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
Frequency, Hz
Control
2% EcoAddz
4% EcoAddz
6% EcoAddz PG Equiv.
6% EcoAddz
6% EcoAddz, 0.5% AS
10% EcoAddz


The master curve data strictly matches binder PG grade.
Softer binder lower E* data.
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
The four point bending beam data clearly shows the mixes produced with RHHVDB have better fatigue response than control binder
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




T 283 Shows no increase in Moisture
Damage with RHVDB Binders.
For Same binder stiffness rutting equivalent
for controls and RHVDB Binders
Mix E* Equivalent for controls and RHVDB
Binders
Improved Fatigue Properties for RHVDB
Binders
Accelerated Aging of mix samples for performance testing.
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