Psychology 11
Name:
Review Sheet: Psychodynamic Theory, Trait Theory, and Behaviourism
1. Put the following headings in the in the correct box of the table:
psychological, biological, and environmental. These are the three levels
of analysis which we should use to examine what?
(4)
 Hormones
 Brain processes
(electrochemical
activity)
 Genetic factors
 Thoughts and
feelings
 How they fit
together
 How a person
experiences
them
 Memory,
planning,
problem solving,
motivation




Past
Present
Individual
Cultural
2. Match the following psychological defense mechanism with its
definition (8)
a. Repression
accuse others of doing what you are
feeling
b. Regression
become opposite of your true feelings
c. Rationalization
refusal to accept the reality of the situation
d. Displacement
revert to childhood behaviours
e. Projection
turn impulses into constructive work
f. Reaction Formation
self-deceiving justification for behaviour
g. Denial
transfer feelings from threatening to less
threatening object/person
h. Sublimation
stuff feelings into unconsciousness
3. Sigmund Freud developed what theory? What is the basic idea of his
theory (one or two sentences)?
The following is an example of what? What causes this?
One morning the Queen greets her husband,
the King; “Good morning, beheaded…..er
beloved.”
Label with id,
ego, and super
ego.
Label diagram with the following terms and concepts: conscious,
preconscious, unconscious, superego, ego, id, pleasure principle, reality
principle, moral principle, ego ideal
Operant Conditioning: Shelly is in the grocery store with her dad. As they
near the checkout lane, Shelly starts whining for a candy bar but her dad
says no. Shelly begins to cry and cries louder when her dad continues to
refuse. At the checkout lane, in front of the cashier, Shelly throws herself
onto the floor and begins screaming. Her dad responds by grabbing a
candy bar and giving it to her. She quickly quiets down and eats her
candy bar. This exchange gets repeated on subsequent trips to the
grocery store.

What is Shelly's behavior in this example?

Was the Dad trying to decrease a behaviour or increase a
behaviour?

How is this going to increase the poor behaviour?

How should dad handle this situation differently?
Classical Conditioning: For each scenario presented below, identify the
four major elements of classical conditioning. Specify for each example
(a) the unconditioned stimulus (US), (b) the unconditioned response (UR),
(c) the conditioned stimulus (CS), and (d) the conditioned response (CR).
i. To discourage coyotes from attacking their sheep,
ranchers feed the coyotes small pieces of mutton tainted
with poison that, when ingested, cause the coyotes to
experience extreme dizziness and nausea. Later, when the
coyotes are placed in the pen with the sheep, the mere
smell of the sheep causes the coyotes to run frantically
away from their former prey.
a.
b.
c.
d.
9. Fill in the blanks
extinction
primary reinforcers
spontaneous recovery
learning
Observational learning
Operant conditioning
tabula rasa
secondary reinforcers
1. Behaviourism states that our behaviour is shaped by
2. When a classically conditioned response disappears and we are no
longer bothered by it, it is called
3. When a phobia or fear response comes back without relearning, we
say the response has made a
4. Reinforcers that are important to our survival are called
5. Reinforcers that are cultural – we want them because in our culture we
have decided they are important
6. The type of learning that occurs while watching a model is called
7. The type of behaviour that is learned because of punishments or
reinforcements in the environment is called
8. Behaviourists believe we are shaped primarily by learning because we
are born a “blank slate”. What phrase means blank slate?
THIS IS ON THE TEST: Paragraph response:
Don’t forget to SHOW YOUR THINKING by providing examples, explaining
your points, and showing how your thinking might have changed as you
learned new information.
Pick one of the following topics to write a paragraph about:
1. Reflect on your personality and what has shaped you as a person. How
much of this is environment, and how much of this is genetic?
2. Comment on John Watson’s quote:
Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my
own specified world to bring them up in and I'll
guarantee to take any one at random and train him to
become any type of specialist I might select – doctor,
lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggarman and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants,
tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his
ancestors. [Behaviorism (1930), p. 82]