Name____________________________________________________________Date__________________________________Period__________
PreAP/GT Biology Spring Final Exam Review 2014
Evolution:
1. Darwin said that evolution occurred due to _____________________ _________________________.
2. According to Darwin, natural selection occurs due to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3. The __________does not evolve; the __________________ evolves.
4. (Mutations / fitness) in DNA is/are the source of variation with a species. A “helpful” mutation (increases /
decreases) fitness of the individual in its environment, where as a “harmful” mutation (increases /
decreases) fitness. The frequency of the mutated gene will (increase/decrease) if it is a “helpful” mutation.
5. The long neck of a giraffe is an example of a/an _________________________.
6. Fossils in the lowest sedimentary rock layers are _______________ and _______________than fossils found in
higher layers of rock. This is an example of __________________ dating.
7. The __________________ and most complex fossils are found in the _______ layers of rock.
8. The whale’s flipper and the arms of a human are examples of __________________________ because they
have the same bones but use them for different functions. They show evidence of a ____________
ancestor.
9. The hip bones in whales and snakes are examples of (vestigial organs / homologous structures) because
they serve no function.
10. ____________ structures, such as the wing of an insect and the wing of a bird, have similar functions but
originate from different embryological structures.
11. All vertebrate embryos are (alike/ not alike) in that they all have similar patterns of development,
especially in the very early stages, which suggests a __________________ ancestor.
12. What is survival of the fittest? How does it apply to Natural selection?
13. Label each type of evidence for evolution:
A. ___________________
___________________
B. ______________________ C. __________________ D. __________________
______________________
__________________
__________________
14. Types of Natural Selection Practice:
_____a. Does not lead to speciation or evolution.
A. Directional
_____b. Cause one species to evolve into two different species.
_____c. Causes one species to evolve into a different species.
B. Stabilizing
_____d. Type of selection that favors one extreme variation.
_____e. Type of selection that favors the average variation.
C. Disruptive
_____f. Type of selection that favors the two extreme variations.
15. Label the types of selection:
a. ___________________
b. ___________________
c.______________________
16. What is genetic drift? What size of population is most affected by genetic drift?
17. How does geographic and reproductive isolation lead to speciation?
18. What is behavioral isolation? Give an example.
19. Describe “survival of the fittest” and how it applies to natural selection.
20. What is genetic equilibrium? What must occur in order for allele frequencies to remain constant?
Classification
What is the diagram below called?
3
2
c
1
b
Which letter designates the most recent common
ancestor of the ant and grasshopper?
The traits on the lines are called --
____
Give the number of where would you place the
trait “doubled wing pairs”
Which letter designates the most recent common
ancestor of all of the organisms shown?
a
Which organisms would have the most similar
DNA? The butterfly and dragonfly or spider and
caterpillar?
Use the dichotomous key on the left to identify the four leaves
a.
b.
c.
1.
d.
Who came up with the classification system we use today?_________________________________________
2. Why is a standard taxonomic system important? __________________________________________________
3. The scientific name for the Grizzly Bear is Ursus arctus. In this name, the Ursus is the __________________ and
arctus is the _____________________. Which part of the name is always capitalized? _________________
4. List the levels of classification from the least specific (broadest) to the most specific. _____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. If the Horse is in the same order as the zebra, what other classification levels do they have in common?
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Complete the chart with the characteristics of the kingdom, and then name an example.
kingdom
prokaryotic /
eukaryotic
autotrophic /
heterotrophic
unicellular /
multicellular
cell wall
composition
2 examples
archaebacteria
eubacteria
protista
fungi
plantae
animalia
7.
8.
9.
10.
no cell wall
Are viruses considered living? Explain._____________________________________________________________
How does HIV affect the body?
What is required for viruses to reproduce?_________________________________________________________
Explain the differences between the lytic and lysogenic replication of viruses.
11. What are the main differences between the domain Bacteria and the domain Archaea (use chart on page
459)?
12. How are bacteria helpful?
13. Why are fungi ecologically important?
14. What is the diagram to the right called?
15. Which organisms evolved with vertebrae and lungs?
16. What molecule do all organisms share?
Animal Systems
1.
2.
3.
What are the characteristics of Kingdom Animalia?
What are the levels of organization in the body from smallest to largest?
Define homeostasis.
4.
What is the function/purpose of the following systems for Defense?
a. Integumentary System
b. Skeletal System
c. Muscular System
d. Immune/Lymphatic System
5.
What is the function/purpose of the following systems for Nutrient Absorption?
a. Digestive
b. Circulatory
c. Respiratory
6.
What is the function/purpose of the following systems for Reproduction?
a. Reproductive
b. Endocrine
7.
What is the function/purpose of the following systems for Regulation?
a. Nervous
b. Excretory
8.
What is the equation for Cellular Respiration?
a. What system provides the glucose for this process?
b. What system provides the oxygen for this process?
c. Where in the cell does this process occur?
9.
What are the components of blood and their functions?
a. White blood cells
b. Platelets
c. Red blood cells
d. Plasma
10. The female gametes are called _________________ and are released from the ___________________.
11. The male gametes are called _______________ and are produced in the _______________________.
12. What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? Give an example of each.
13. What are the cells of the nervous system called?
Plant Systems
Fill in the Venn diagram comparing mosses and ferns with the terms provided:
Vascular
Small size
Multicellular
Photosynthetic
Ferns
Eukaryotic
Nonvascular
Needs water for reproduction
Reproduce w/ Spores
Bryophytes
True roots, stems, and leaves
No true roots, stems, and leaves
Found in moist shady habitats
Mosses
Both
Ferns
Match the functions then label the pictures with the plant parts listed below:
_____1. Underground structure that help prevent soil erosion
_____2. Waxy covering on leaves that prevents water loss
_____3. Cells that surround leaf openings that control the amount of transpiration by closing
during hot or dry times
_____4. The part of leaf where photosynthesis occurs
_____5. Type of vascular tissue that transports water through the roots, stems and leaves
_____6. Tiny projections that increase the surface area for the absorption of water and nutrients
(minerals) from the soil
_____7. Opening found in leaves that allows for gas exchange and transpiration with the
environment
_____8. Type of transport tissue that transports food through the leaves, stems and roots
9. The process by which water evaporates from the leaves of plants
A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Root Hairs
D. Cuticle
E. Mesophyll
F. Stomata
G. Guard cells
H. Roots
I.
Transpiration
10. Explain the difference between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms, including reproduction.
11. What is the equation for Photosynthesis? Label the REACTANTS and PRODUCTS.
12. What is the equation for Cellular Respiration? Label the REACTANTS and PRODUCTS.
13. What part of the plant carries out Photosynthesis?
14. Where does Cellular Respiration occur in the cell?
Ecology
Levels of Organization in the Biosphere
Species → ___________________ → Community → ___________________ → Biome → Biosphere
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Species –
Populations –
Communities -Ecosystems –
Biome -Biosphere --
ENERGY FLOW THROUGH AN ECOSYSTEM
The flow of energy through an ecosystem begins with the_____, and is passed on through various organisms:
sun  producers  consumers  decomposers


Producers – __________________ organisms that are able to make their own food from inorganic substances
(photosynthesis).
Consumers – ___________________organisms that get energy by eating producers or other consumers.
1. Herbivores–
2. Carnivores–
3. Omnivores-
eats_____________
Eats___________________
Eats__________________
Ex. _____________
Ex._______________
Ex.__________

Decomposers – obtain energy from the__________________________________________.
FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS
Each step in a food chain or web is called a___________________, or a feeding relationship between organisms.
FOOD CHAIN ____________________________
________________________________________
FOOD WEB ______________________________
________________________________________
(Label each trophic level below)
5th
2nd
4th
Arrows
show the
________
of energy
and
________
3rd
2nd
1st
1. What would happen to this food web is the
plants were removed?___________________
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
2. What happens to the owl population if the foxes
we killed off by humans?_____________________
Pyramid of Energy
A pyramid of energy is used to illustrate the amount of
usable energy at each ____________ level.
• Only ________ is passed on to the next trophic level
• The other 90% is ___________________________.
Give an example of the 3 types of symbiotic relationships:
1. Mutualism:
2.
Parasitism:
3. Commensalism: