Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
8
SURVEILLANCE PEST PLANTS
8.1. Introduction
Surveillance Pest Plants include species that have
been identified as having significant impacts on the
biosecurity values of the Auckland region. The Regional
Council seeks to prevent their establishment or
spread by prohibiting their sale, propagation,
distribution and exhibition. This will be achieved by
authorised persons regularly monitoring merchants and
growers, including casual markets, for these pest plants.
The ARC will also disseminate technical information on
control methods and the ecology of these plants, and
fund research into biological control options.
Landowners and occupiers will be encouraged to protect
the environment by removing these species from their
properties, although there is no legal requirement to
enforce this. Community initiatives to control these pest
plants will also be promoted and supported by Council.
Research into their distribution and environmental
impacts may also be carried out during the life of the
Strategy.
20
Cost Benefit Analysis and Assumptions, Animal and Plant Species
Considered for Inclusion in the Proposed Auckland Regional
Pest Management Strategy 2007-2012, a supporting document
to satisfy the requirements of section 72 of the Biosecurity Act
1993. Auckland Regional Council, October 2006.
74
8.2. Surveillance Pest Plants
(throughout the region)
(i) Description of the problem
The following table outlines the potential impacts of the
species that are Surveillance Pest Plants throughout
the entire Auckland region. A tick (9) indicates that the
species has the potential to threaten that environment,
or in the case of human health, has been recorded as
being toxic or causing harm.
Further information regarding Surveillance Pest Plants is
contained in the supporting document20 or is otherwise
available on request from the ARC.
Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
Table 8.2a:
Surveillance Pest Plants (throughout the region)
* = Species listed on the 2006 National Pest Plant Accord (refer section 5.2 above)21
alligator weed
Alternanthera philoxeroides*
aristea
Aristea ecklonii
artillery plant
Galeobdolon luteum* syn.
Lamiastrum galeobdolon*
9
arum lily
Zantedeschia aethiopica*23
9
baccharis
Baccharis halimifolia
banana passionfruit
Passiflora tripartita* var. mollissima,
P. mixta & P. tarminiana*
barberry
Berberis glaucocarpa
bartlettina
Bartlettina sordida
Blackberry
(wild aggregates)
Rubus fruticosus agg.
bladderwort species
Utricularia arenaria*, U. gibba*, U.
livida* & U. sandersonii*
blue morning glory
Ipomoea indica*
9
9
blue passion flower
Passiflora caerulea*
9
9
21
http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests-diseases/plants/accord/
plant-list.htm (accessed 29-08-06)
22
Please note: rules restricting the sale, propagation, distribution
and exhibition of large forms of agapanthus (Agapanthus praecox
syn. A. orientalis – large forms only) do not come into force until
1 July 2008.
9
Islands
Agapanthus praecox syn.
A. orientalis (large forms only)
9
Human Health
agapanthus
(large forms only)22
Urban/Open Space
Cotyledon orbiculata
9
Production
African pig’s ear
Plantation Forestry
Eragrostis curvula*
Terrestrial Coastal Sites
African love grass
Lakes & Rivers & Stream edges
Selaginella kraussiana*
Coastal Wetlands
African club moss
Inland Wetlands
Potential Impacts
Shrubland / scrub
Scientific name
Native Forest
Common name
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
23
75
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Please note: only Zantedeschia ‘green goddess’ is on the 2006
NPPA list.
Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
Bomarea caldasii & B. multiflora
9
boneseed
Chrysanthemoides monilifera*
boxthorn
Lycium ferocissimum
Brazilian pepper tree
Schinus terebinthifolius*
brush wattle
Paraserianthes lophantha
9
buddleia
Buddleja davidii
9
bur daisy
Calotis lappulacea
9
burdock
Arctium minus
9
Californian bulrush
Schoenoplectus californicus*
Cape honey flower
Melianthus major
Cape ivy
Senecio angulatus
Cape sundew
Drosera capensis*
Cape tulip
Homeria collina*
9
carex
Carex divulsa
9
castor oil plant
Ricinus communis
cat’s claw creeper
Macfadyena unguis-cati*
caulerpa
Caulerpa taxifolia
Chilean flame creeper
Tropaeolum speciosum*
9
9
Chilean glory creeper
Eccremocarpus scaber*
9
9
Chilean rhubarb
Gunnera tinctoria*
9
9
clasped pondweed
Potamogeton perfoliatus*
9
9
clematis flammula
Clematis flammula
9
9
9
climbing asparagus
Asparagus scandens*
9
9
9
climbing dock
Rumex sagittatus syn.
Acetosa sagittatus
climbing gloxinia
Lophospermum erubescens
coast banksia
Banksia integrifolia
Islands
bomarea
Human Health
9
Urban/Open Space
Fuchsia boliviana*
Production
Bolivian fuchsia
Plantation Forestry
Menyanthes trifoliata*
9
Terrestrial Coastal Sites
bog bean
9
Lakes & Rivers & Stream edges
Plectranthus ecklonii & P. grandis
Coastal Wetlands
blue spur flower
Inland Wetlands
Potential Impacts
Shrubland / scrub
Scientific name
Native Forest
Common name
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
76
9
9
9
Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
drooping prickly pear
Opuntia monacantha
dusky coral pea
Kennedia rubicunda
eel grass
Vallisneria gigantea* & V. spiralis*
elaeagnus
Elaeagnus x reflexa
9
9
elephant’s ear
Alocasia macrorrhiza syn.
A. brisbanensis
9
9
English ivy
Hedera helix subsp. helix
9
9
false tamarisk
Myricaria germanica*
9
fire tree
Myrica faya*
9
firethorn
Pyracantha angustifolia*
9
Formosa lily
Lilium formosanum
9
fringed water lily
Nymphoides peltata*
German ivy
Senecio mikanioides syn.
Delairea odorata
giant hogweed
Heracleum mantegazzianum*
giant reed
Arundo donax*
9
9
9
goat’s rue
Galega officinalis
9
9
9
grey willow*
Salix cinerea*
9
9
Guinea grass
Panicum maximum*
gypsywort
Lycopus europaeus
hawkweed
All Hieracium spp.*
hawthorn
Crataegus monogyna
9
9
heather*
Calluna vulgaris* (excluding double
flowered cultivars)
9
9
hemlock
Conium maculatum
Himalayan honeysuckle
Leycesteria formosa
Islands
Berberis darwinii*
Human Health
Darwin’s barberry
Urban/Open Space
Salix fragilis*
Production
crack willow
Plantation Forestry
Cotoneaster glaucophyllus &
C. franchetii
Terrestrial Coastal Sites
cotoneaster
Lakes & Rivers & Stream edges
Tussilago farfara*
Coastal Wetlands
coltsfoot
Inland Wetlands
Potential Impacts
Shrubland / scrub
Scientific name
Native Forest
Common name
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
77
9
9
9
9
9
9
Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
Italian arum
Arum italicum
Italian jasmine
Jasminum humile*
Japanese honeysuckle
Lonicera japonica*
Japanese spindle tree
Euonymus japonicus*
jasmine
Jasminum polyanthum
Johnson grass
Sorghum halepense
kangaroo acacia
Acacia paradoxa
9
khasia berry
Cotoneaster simonsii*
9
lagarosiphon,
oxygen weed
Lagarosiphon major*
lizard’s tail
Saururus cernuus
lodgepole pine
Pinus contorta*
male fern
Dryopteris filix-mas
9
Mexican daisy
Erigeron karvinskianus*
9
Mexican water lily
Nymphaea mexicana*
Mickey Mouse plant
Ochna serrulata*
9
mile-a-minute
Dipogon lignosus*
9
9
mistflower
Ageratina riparia
9
9
monkey apple
Acmena smithii* syn.
Syzygium smithii*
9
9
montbretia
Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora
Montpellier broom
Teline monspessulana
nardoo
Marsilea mutica
nassella species
Nassella spp.*
9
Noogoora bur
Xanthium occidentale
9
Norfolk Island hibiscus
Lagunaria patersonii
Islands
Carpobrotus edulis* & hybrids
Human Health
iceplant
Urban/Open Space
Hydrilla verticillata*
Production
hydrilla
Plantation Forestry
All Equisetum spp.*
Terrestrial Coastal Sites
horsetail
9
Lakes & Rivers & Stream edges
Ceratophyllum demersum*
Coastal Wetlands
hornwort
Inland Wetlands
Potential Impacts
Shrubland / scrub
Scientific name
Native Forest
Common name
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
78
9
9
9
9
Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
9
pampas grass
Cortaderia jubata* & C. selloana*
9
paperbark poplar
Melaleuca quinquenervia
9
parrots feather
Myriophyllum aquaticum*
Pennisetum species
(except kikuyu grass &
pearl millet)
all Pennisetum spp.* (except P.
clandestinum & P. glaucum)
9
9
perennial nettle
Urtica dioica
9
9
periwinkle
Vinca major
9
9
phoenix palm24
Phoenix canariensis
9
9
phragmites
Phragmites australis*
pitted crassula
Crassula multicava*
plectranthus
Plectranthus ciliatus*
plumeless thistle
Carduus acanthoides
Port Jackson fig
Ficus rubiginosa*
9
privet
Ligustrum lucidum* & L. sinense
9
pyp grass
Ehrharta villosa*
Queensland poplar
Homalanthus populifolius*
reed sweet grass
Glyceria maxima
rhus tree
Toxicodendron succedanea syn.
Rhus succedanea
rough tree fern
Cyathea cooperi
saffron thistle
Carthamus lanatus
salvinia
Salvinia molesta*
24
9
Islands
Setaria palmifolia
9
Human Health
palm grass
Urban/Open Space
9
Production
Callistachys lanceolata
Plantation Forestry
oxylobium
Terrestrial Coastal Sites
9
Lakes & Rivers & Stream edges
Cyperus rotundus
Coastal Wetlands
nutgrass
Inland Wetlands
Potential Impacts
Shrubland / scrub
Scientific name
Native Forest
Common name
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
79
9
9
9
9
Please note: rules restricting the sale, propagation, distribution
and exhibition of phoenix palm (Phoenix canariensis) do not come
into force until 1 July 2010.
9
9
9
Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
snow poppy
Eomecon chionantha*
9
Spanish heath
Erica lusitanica
9
spiny broom
Calicotome spinosa
9
strangling fig
Ficus microcarpa
sweet briar
Rosa rubiginosa
sweet pea shrub
Polygala myrtifolia*
(except. cv. ‘Grandiflora’)
sweet pittosporum
Pittosporum undulatum*
Tasmanian ngaio
Myoporum insulare*
including hybrids
tradescantia
Tradescantia fluminensis*
tree of heaven
Ailanthus altissima*
tuber ladder fern
Nephrolepis cordifolia*
tutsan
Hypericum androsaemum*
velvet groundsel
Senecio petasitis
water hyacinth
Eichhornia crassipes*
water lettuce
Pistia stratiotes*
water primrose
Ludwigia peploides*
subsp. montevidensis
white bryony
Bryonia cretica*
yellow flag
Iris pseudacorus*
9
yellow water lily
Nuphar lutea*
9
Islands
9
Human Health
Chondrilla juncea
Urban/Open Space
skeleton weed
Production
9
Plantation Forestry
Acaena agnipila
9
Terrestrial Coastal Sites
sheep’s bur
9
Lakes & Rivers & Stream edges
Rhaphiolepis umbellata
Coastal Wetlands
Sexton’s bride
Inland Wetlands
Potential Impacts
Shrubland / scrub
Scientific name
Native Forest
Common name
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
80
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
(ii) Pest plant designation
(vi) Rules
All of the species listed in Table 8.2a above are declared
Surveillance Pest Plants throughout the entire Auckland
region.
Rule 8.2.1.1
No person shall:
a)
Cause or permit any species listed in Table 8.2a
above to be in a place where it is offered for sale or
is exhibited, except in accordance with Rule 8.2.1.2
below; or
b)
Sell or offer for sale any species listed in Table
8.2a above, except in accordance with Rule 8.2.1.2
below; or
c)
Propagate, distribute, breed, or multiply any species
listed in Table 8.2a above or otherwise act in such
a manner as is likely to encourage or cause the
propagation, distribution, breeding or multiplication
of any species listed in Table 8.2a above, except in
accordance with Rule 8.2.1.2 below.
(iii) Reason for the strategy
All species listed in Table 8.2a above have been
identified as having significant impacts on biosecurity
values in the Auckland region. Those marked with
an asterisk are on the 2006 NPPA, and are banned
from commercial propagation, sale and/or distribution
nationwide. Including these species in the Strategy
allows the ARC to undertake surveillance and monitoring
and, if necessary, to undertake regulatory measures,
without having to obtain special warrants from the MAF
(as is currently required for NPPA species not included in
an RPMS).
The remaining species in Table 8.2a are considered
too widespread or too difficult to control to achieve
eradication or containment within the period of the
Strategy. Nevertheless, it is considered that adding
these species to the Strategy as Surveillance species
will reduce the further spread of these species
throughout the region.
Rule 8.2.1.2
(iv) Objectives
a)
To minimise the further spread of Surveillance
Pest Plants and NPPA Pest Plants in the region by
preventing their sale, propagation, distribution and
exhibition throughout the Auckland region.
Provide information and advice and
promote Community Initiatives
Programmes.
Monitoring
Undertake inspections, monitoring
and surveillance.
Site-led
Programmes
Initiate or support site-led control in
special areas of the region
Research
ARC will support research into
biological control of Surveillance Pest
Plants.
b)
With respect to large forms of agapanthus
(Agapanthus praecox syn. A. orientalis – large forms
only), Rule 8.2.1.1 is not applicable prior to July 1st
2008.
In addition to these Rules, powers under the
Biosecurity Act 1993 allow Biosecurity Officers to
inspect properties to remove these plants and carry
out control.
Enforce restrictions on the sale,
propagation, distribution and
exhibition of Surveillance Pest Plants.
Education &
Advice
With respect to phoenix palm (Phoenix canariensis),
Rule 8.2.1.1 is not applicable prior to July 1st 2010.
A breach of these Rules will create an offence under
section 154(r) of the Act, or may result in default
work under section 128 of the Act, or both.
(v) Principal measures of achievement
Enforcement
a)
For the purposes of the above Rules, ‘exhibited’
relates to exhibition in places where plants are
offered for sale.
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Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
(vii) Exemptions
ARC is able to grant exemptions to the above Rules,
in accordance with Section 80D of the Biosecurity
Act 1993 (refer Section 16 of this RPMS for more
details). This is particularly relevant for persons wishing
to grow species such as arum lily for the cut-flower
trade, or for those who wish to (a) replace mature
phoenix palm specimens which have high amenity
value and/or “iconic” status or (b) locate palms within
a development. The use of male phoenix palms for this
purpose is encouraged. ARC recognizes that it may be
desirable for that reason to provide for propagation by
ARC-approved nurseries under controlled conditions.
Information on exemptions is available from ARC.
82
Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
Surveillance Pest Plants*
Africanxxx
club moss
alligator
xxxweed
African xxx
love grass
aristea
xxx
Africanxxx
pig’s ear
artillery
xxxplant
agapanthus
xxxx
arum
xxxlily
* Surveillance Pest Plants that are also Total Control or Containment in parts of the region are illustrated in
sections 6 and 7, respectively.
83
Auckland
AucklandRegional
RegionalPest
PestStrategy
Strategy2007–2012
2007–2012
baccharis
xxx
xxx aggregates)
Blackberry (wild
banana passionfruit
xxx
bladderwort
xxx
barberry
xxx
blue morning
xxx glory
xxxx
bartlettina
xxx
blue passion flower
84
Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
blue spur
xxxflower
xxx
boneseed
bogxxx
bean
xxx
boxthorn
Bolivian
xxxfuchsia
Brazilianxxx
pepper tree
bomarea
xxxx
brushxxx
cherry*
*Hauraki Gulf Islands only
85
Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
brushxxx
wattle
xxxbush*
buttercup
buddleia
xxx
xxxbulrush
Californian
burxxx
daisy
Cape honey
xxx flower
burdock
xxxx
xxxivy
Cape
*Hauraki Gulf Islands only
86
Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
Cape xxx
sundew
cat’s claw
xxxcreeper
Cape
xxx
tulip
caulerpa
xxx
carex
xxx
Chilean flxxx
ame creeper
castor
xxxx
oil plant
xxx creeper
Chilean glory
87
Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
Chileanxxx
rhubarb
xxx dock
climbing
clasped xxx
pondweed
xxx
climbing
gloxinia
Clematis
flammula
xxx
coastxxx
banksia
climbing
asparagus
xxxx
xxx
coltsfoot
88
Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012
cotoneaster
xxx
dusky xxx
coral pea
crackxxx
willow
xxxPupuke variety
eel grass – Lake
Darwin’s
barberry
xxx
eel grass – Meola
xxx Creek variety
droopingxxxx
prickly pear
elaeagnus
xxx
89