DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF JOS, JOS
ARC 364: CLIMATE AND DESIGN
COURSE OUTLINE FOR 2011-2012 SESSION
Course Description
This course focuses on the application of building climatology in architectural
design in Nigeria. It is a continuation of the 200-level course “Building
Climatology”. While Building Climatology covered mainly climatic data, thermal
comfort, design of sun-shading devices; and an introduction to ventilation and the
Mahoney tables, this course covers slightly more advanced concepts. The topics
covered are thermal design, ventilation (air flow through and around buildings and
prediction of ventilation), climatic site analysis, practical use of the Mahoney
tables, recommendations for architectural design in the climatic design zones of
Nigeria, control of tropical microclimates through landscape design, design of solar
buildings, sustainable architecture, green architecture and green building rating
systems. Each topic is covered within a two-hour lecture, but two smaller topics
may be combined to form one lesson. Emphasis is on placed on the achievement of
environmental control through the building fabric and design; and the design,
construction, occupation and maintenance of buildings premised on processes and
technologies that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient
throughout the building's life-cycle.
Course Prerequisites: ARC 261: Building Climatology.
Level/semester in which course is offered: Level 300, first semester.
Number of Credit Units: 2.
Detailed Course Outline
1.
Thermal Design: Thermal quantities, thermal properties of building materials
and elements, heat flow through buildings, periodic heat flow, required
thermal performance for building elements and condensation. Case studies of
heat flow through typical walls, roofs, doors and windows used in Nigeria.
2.
Ventilation - Air Flow through Buildings: Basic concepts in ventilation, air
flow through buildings, factors affecting air flow through buildings. Case
studies of buildings with good and poor ventilation.
3.
Ventilation - Air Flow around Buildings: Air flow around buildings, wind
pressure and suction, effect of other buildings, the wind shadow effect. Case
studies showing projects where ventilation is controlled by manipulating air
flow around buildings.
4.
Ventilation – Prediction of Ventilation: Prediction of ventilation by
mathematical formulae, pressure due to wind flow, air flow through openings,
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rate of heat loss or gain, prediction of air flow with the aid of models,
ventilation standards. Case studies showing prediction of ventilation for
specific buildings.
5.
Climatic Site Analysis: Site analysis, the site climate, the form of dwellings.
Case studies demonstrating climatic site analysis for specific projects in
Nigeria.
6.
Practical Use of the Mahoney Tables: Use of the Mahoney tables to
determine architectural design recommendations for selected cities in
Nigeria using current climatic data.
7.
Design in the Zones: Climatic zones for architectural design, general design
guidelines, design in the various climatic design zones in Nigeria: coastal zone,
forest zone, transitional zone, highland zone, savannah zone and semi-desert
zone. Case studies of selected buildings demonstrating level of compliance
with the climatic design guidelines.
8.
Control of Tropical Microclimates through Landscape Design: Concepts in
microclimate control, objectives of microclimate control through landscaping,
landscape elements for microclimate control, the design process, landscaping
climatic data analysis, problems of microclimate control through landscaping.
Case studies of projects in Nigeria and abroad demonstrating microclimate
control through landscaping.
9.
Solar Design: Basic concepts of solar design, conversion of solar energy, solar
collectors, uses of solar energy, solar heating systems, solar cooling systems,
design of solar buildings. Case studies of selected buildings in Nigeria and
abroad showing application of passive and active solar design principles.
10.
Sustainable Architecture: Sustainable development, environmental, economic
and social sustainability, sustainable design process and assessment, green
code for architecture, environmental architecture, ecological building, green
building, sustainable building, sustainable architectural and urban design,
energy efficiency, water conservation, green features of building materials,
waste management, environmental benefits of green buildings.
11.
Green Building Rating Systems: Green building rating tools. Green building
rating systems. Need for green building rating systems.
Assessments and Examinations
Attendance:
20%
Assignment 1:
20% (Term paper)
Assignment 2:
20% (Field work)
Examination:
40%
Attendance is taken at each lecture and students that fail to meet the minimum
attendance requirements will not be allowed to write the examination. Only
2
registered students are allowed to attend lectures. Students will be grouped for
the assignments. The term paper will be about a specific area related directly to
the course. The field work will involve documentation and analysis of selected
buildings or projects.
Recommended Reading
1.
Adedeji, Y. M. D., Aluko, O. O. and Ogunsote, O. O. (2010). Sustainable
Landscaping and Green Housing in Tropical Climates: A Case Study of Akure,
Nigeria. Proceedings of the International Conference on Man, Technological
Advancement and Sustainable Environment held at the Federal University of
Technology, Akure, 25 -27 October 2010. Akure, School of Environmental
Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure.
2.
Allen, E. & Swoboda, D. (2005). How Buildings Work: The Natural Order of
Architecture. Oxford University Press, USA.
3.
Commission of the European Communities (1981). Passive Solar Architecture in
Europe. The results of the First European Solar Competition – 1980. Ed.
Lebens R. M. The Architectural Press Ltd, London.
4.
Evans, M. (1980). Housing, Climate and Comfort. The Architectural Press,
London.
5.
Fitch, J. M. (1971). American Building: The Environmental Forces that Shape
It. New York.
6.
Givoni, B. (1976). Man, Climate and Architecture. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd, London.
7.
Koenigsberger, O. H., Ingersoll, T. G., Mayhew, A. & Szokolay, S. V. (1974).
Manual of Tropical Housing and Building. Part I, Climatic Design. Longman,
London.
8.
Markus, T. A. & Morris, E. N. (1980). Buildings, Climate and Energy. Pitman
International, London.
9.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology OpenCourseWare (2011). Design for
Sustainability Lecture Notes: Energy in Buildings. Available from:
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil-and-environmental-engineering/1-964design-for-sustainability-fall-2006/lecture-notes/lect7.pdf. Also available
from: http://www.sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/UJ-ARC-364/Lecture Notes
2011-2012/MIT OCW CEE 1-964 - Design for Sustainability - Energy in
Buildings.pdf
10.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology OpenCourseWare (2011). Design for
Sustainability Lecture Notes: Sustainability and the Building Industry.
Available from: http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil-and-environmentalengineering/1-964-design-for-sustainability-fall-2006/lecturenotes/lect3.pdf. Also available from: http://www.sdngnet.com/Files/
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Lectures/UJ-ARC-364/Lecture Notes 2011-2012/MIT OCW CEE 1-964 Design for Sustainability - Sustainability and the Building Industry.pdf
11.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology OpenCourseWare (2011).
Fundamentals of Energy in Buildings: Heat Transfer Introduction. Available
from: http://www.sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/UJ-ARC-364/Lecture Notes
2011-2012/MIT OCW MIT 4-42J - Fundamentals of Energy in Buildings Heat Transfer Introduction.pdf.
12.
Ogunsote, O. O. & Prucnal-Ogunsote, B. (2004). Reducing Urban Heat Islands:
Sustainable Design through Landscaping and Renewable Technologies. In:
Ibitoye, O. A. (Ed). Scientific and Environmental Issues in Population,
Environment and Sustainable Development in Nigeria. Department of
Geography and Planning Science, University of Ado Ekiti, Ado Ekiti. Pp. 127139. Also available from: http://www.sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/UJ-ARC364/Lecture Notes 2011-2012/Reducing Urban Heat Islands.pdf.
13.
Ogunsote, O. O. (1993). Introduction to building climatology: A basic course
for architecture students. Ahmadu Bello University Press, Zaria.
14.
Ogunsote, O. O. and Prucnal-Ogunsote, B. (2002). Defining Climatic Zones for
Architectural Design in Nigeria: A Systematic Delineation. Journal of
Environmental Technology, 1:2, 1-14. School of Environmental Technology,
Federal University of Technology, Akure.
15.
Ogunsote, O. O., Adedeji, Y. M. D. & Prucnal-Ogunsote, B. (2011). Combating
Environmental Degradation through Sustainable Landscaping in Emerging Mega
Cities: A Case Study of Lagos, Nigeria. Proceedings of the International Union
of Architects (UIA) XXIV World Congress of Architecture, September 25 –
October 1, 2011, Tokyo, Japan.
16.
Ogunsote, O. O., Prucnal-Ogunsote, B. & Ugwummadu, V. E. (2010). The Role of
Architecture in Achieving Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria: Lessons
from the 2010 Convention of the American Institute of Architects.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Man, Technological
Advancement and Sustainable Environment held at the Federal University of
Technology, Akure, 25 -27 October 2010. Akure, School of Environmental
Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure.
17.
Prucnal-Ogunsote, B., Ogunsote, O. O., Ude, O. A. & Ogunsote, B. V. (2011).
Towards the Establishment of a Green Building Council and the Development
of a Green Building Rating System for Nigeria. Proceedings of the 2011
Architects Colloquium, June 28 – 30, Musa Yar’adua Centre, Abuja. Organized
by the Architects Registration Council of Nigeria (ARCON).
18.
SB05Tokyo Student Session (2005). Sustainable Building Design Book.
Available from: http://www.uop.edu.jo/download/research/members/
[Architecture_Ebook]_Sustainable_Building_Design_Book.pdf.
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19.
Szokolay, S. V. (2008). Introduction to Architectural Science: The Basis of
Sustainable Design. 2nd Edition. Elsevier/Architectural Press, London.
20. United Nations (1971). Design of Low Cost Housing and Community Facilities,
Volume I, Climate and House Design. Department of Economic and Social
Affairs, New York.
21.
United Nations Centre for Human Settlements – HABITAT (1984). Energy
Conservation in the Construction and Maintenance of Buildings. Volume One:
Use of Solar Energy and Solar Cooling in the Design of Buildings in Developing
Countries. UNCHS-HABITAT. Nairobi, Kenya.
Lecture Notes
For all lecture notes, case studies and course outline see:
http://www.sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/UJ-ARC-364
Lecturer Contacts:
Prof. Olu Ola Ogunsote. Tel. 08034735611, 08050864870, 08059925671,
08062440764. Email: [email protected], [email protected].
Arc (Mrs) Elizabeth T. Dassah. Tel. 07066023542. Email: [email protected].
Arc. Peter Okwoli. Tel. 08037031401. Email: [email protected].
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