Hemchandracharya
North Gujarat University
PATAN-384 265
NAAC ‘B’ (CGPA) Accredited (State University)
P.G. (M. Sc.) Programme
CBCS Curriculum
With effect from: June 2011
Faculty
Science
Subject
Botany
M Sc Part-I &II
Semesters: I, II, III and IV
Total Pages: 1 to 70
Submitted on
Date: 16 /06 /2011
Page 1 of 66
THE CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS)
For the TWO YEARS (FOUR SEMESTERS) MASTERS DEGREE PROGRAMMES
in the subject BOTANY, Faculty of Science
The University Grants Commission, New Delhi in its XIth plan guidelines directed the Universities in the country
to implement the Choice Based Credit System (Semester Scheme) in both the under-graduate and postgraduate programmes. The Choice Based Credit System makes the product of a University at par with the
global practices in terms of academic standards and evaluation strategies. In the emerging scenario of
Internationalization of Indian Higher Education, it is imperative that the Universities in India should follow
this system so that the mobility of their products both within and across the geographical jurisdiction
becomes possible.
The Salient Features of the Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) (Semester Scheme):
Each course in a programme shall carry certain number of credits, which normally represent the weightage of a
course and are a function of teaching, learning and evaluation strategies such as number of contact hours,
the course content, teaching methodology, learning expectations, etc.
In the proposed programmes, the credits shall be based on the number of instructional hours per week,
generally 1 credit per 1 hour of instruction in theory and 1 credit for 2 hours of practical work per week.
In the CBCS system continuous evaluation of the students in all the semesters is done through Internal
Assessment Examinations, assignments, Seminars, Project Work, Dissertation, etc. Course contents of
each PG programme are designed to meet the ever changing requirements of the industry/job
market/needs of society.
Each paper/course, Seminar and Project work is assigned a specific number of credits and the marks secured
by a student are converted into grade points and credit points. The performance of a student in a semester
is expressed as Grade Point Average (GPA) and the combined performance of a student in all the four
semesters of the PG programme.
The other features of the CBCS (Semester Scheme) are:
1.
The degree programmes are structured on credit based semester scheme. The relative importance of
subjects of study and activities are quantified in terms of credits.
2.
The choice based courses may be generally restricted to 10% of the total credits, usually one course per
Semester. The choice based courses may be offered within the faculty and/ or across the faculty.
3.
The courses offered in a programme may be the core or elective. In the Faculty of Science, the choice
based courses shall be opted in lieu of the elective courses, one per semester in any two of the four
semesters.
Page 2 of 66
4.
The declaration of result is based on the grade point average (GPA) earned towards the end of each
semester or the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) earned towards the end of the programme and
the corresponding alpha-sign grade.
CBCS Course Structure
1) PG Courses in the CBCS are offered within the existing Semester pattern.
2) There shall be Four Semesters in each PG course. The duration of an Academic year consists of two
semesters, each of 15 weeks for teaching. The Academic session in each semester will provide 90 teaching
days.
3) There shall be three categories of courses/papers in the PG programmes:
a) TWO Principle/core courses/papers each with 4 credits.
b) ONE core interdisciplinary course with 4 credits.
c) One Choice Based Elective/Soft skills /Interdisciplinary course with 2 credits.
4) The student shall compulsorily deliver one seminar lecture per course in each of the four Semesters from the
core subject which will be evaluated for internal assessment.
5) In the IV Semester, a student may undertake a Project work/Major Dissertation/Field work. The Project work/
Major Dissertation/Field work is a part of the regular course work of the PG Programme in the IV semester.
However, students are free to select prescribed theory and practical papers in lieu of Project
work/Dissertation/Field work in the IV semester.
Medium of Instruction
The medium of instruction shall be English. The language of question paper and writing the answers shall be
English too.
Hours of Instruction per week
There shall be a minimum of 24 hours of instructions per week in subjects. These hours may be distributed for
lectures, seminars, tutorials, practicals, project work and other modes of instruction which individual papers
may require.
Attendance
1.
Each course (theory, practical etc.) shall be treated as an independent unit for the purpose of attendance.
A student shall attend a minimum of 75% of the total instruction hours in a course including tutorials and
seminars in each semester.
2.
75% of attendance is compulsory to all the students. A student shall be considered to have satisfied the
requirement of attendance for appearing the semester end examination, if he/she has attended not less
than 75% of the number of classes (both regular and interdisciplinary courses) held upto the end of the
semester including tests, seminars and practicals etc.
3.
However, there is a provision for condonation of attendance for the students those who have put up the
attendance between 65% and 74% on Medical Grounds on payment of a fee and production of medical
certificate.
Page 3 of 66
4.
If a student represents his/her institution, University, State or Nation in Sports, NCC, NSS or Cultural or
any other officially sponsored activities, he/she shall be eligible to claim the attendance for the actual
number of days participated subject to a maximum of 20 days in a Semester based on the specific
recommendations of the Head of the Department and Principal of the College concerned.
5.
A student who does not satisfy the requirements of attendance shall not be permitted to take internal
assessment as well as the Semester end examinations.
6.
For attendance of the student PG rules of the HNGU will be implemented / followed.
Course Pattern
a)
In the Botany subject of Faculty of Science, the average number of credits per semester may be 20 per
semester and a total of 80 credits for the programme (depending on the type of the choice based course
opted by the student). The credits shall be based on the number of instructional hours per week, generally
1 credit per 1 hour of instruction in theory and 1 credit for 2 hours of practical work per week.
b)
In the Botany subject, there may be 3 theory courses/papers each of 4 hours instruction per week and the
number of practical courses per week may be 3 practical courses each of 4 hours duration per week.
c)
There may be a elective course (choice-based) in each semester and elective/soft skill course (choicebased) in 4th semester. The soft skill course may be decided by the University.
d)
Major dissertation may be given in the fourth semester. In lieu of major dissertation there will be two
theories and two practical papers as well as Minor Project/Field work in the fourth semester. In addition
only one soft skill paper in fourth semester.
e)
Thus, there shall be both two theory and two practical papers of the core/principle subject or only major
dissertation work in the final semester.
f)
The choice based courses are generally restricted to 10% of the total credits, usually one Course/paper
(s) (theory) per Semester. The choice based courses may be offered within the faculty and/or across the
faculty.
g)
Table given below is a summary of the course patterns, hours of instructions per course/paper per week,
marks and credits assigned to different courses/papers in the Post-Graduate Degree programmes in all
the semesters in Botany subject of Science faculty.
Proposed details of course pattern and scheme of examination for science stream
Semester - I
Se
m.
Course
Principle/core paper-I
Principle/core paper-II
Core- inter disciplinary paper-I
Elective disciplinary/ Inter disciplinary
paper-I
Practical (based on two core and one
inter disciplinary paper)
Instructi
on
(hrs/wee
k)
4
4
4
Duration
exam
(hrs)
Marks
Credit
Internal
Externa
l
3
3
3
30
30
30
70
70
70
100
100
100
4
4
4
2
2
-
50
50
2
12
6-15
-
150
150
6
Page 4 of 66
Total
Semester - II
Semester - III
Semester - IV
Total
Principle/core paper-III
Principle/core paper-IV
Core- inter disciplinary paper-II
Elective disciplinary/ Inter disciplinary
paper-II
Practical (based on two core and one
inter disciplinary paper)
Total
Principle/core paper-V
Principle/core paper-VI
Core- inter disciplinary paper-III
Elective disciplinary/ Inter disciplinary
paper-III
Practical (based on two core and one
inter disciplinary paper)
Total
Principle/core paper-VII
Principle/core paper-VIII
Project work/Field work
Practical (based on two core aper)
Soft skill0
Total
26
4
4
4
3
3
3
90
30
30
30
410
70
70
70
500
100
100
100
20
4
4
4
2
2
-
50
50
2
12
6-15
-
150
150
6
26
4
4
4
3
3
3
90
30
30
30
410
70
70
70
500
100
100
100
20
4
4
4
2
2
-
50
50
2
12
6-15
-
150
150
6
26
4
4
12
8
2
30
3
3
3-6
6-10
2
90
30
30
60
410
70
70
150
100
50
440
500
100
100
150
100
50
500
20
4
4
6
4
2
20
5
2
-
450
50
500
450
50
500
18
2
20
OR
Major Dissertation
Soft skill
Total
Scheme of Examination
28
2
30
There shall be examinations at the end of each semester ordinarily during November/December for odd
semesters and during April/May for even semesters.
Evaluation Methods
In this programme the faculty/faculties who teaches/teach the course shall conduct the comprehensive
continuous assessment i.e., internal examination. The concerned Faculty/Faculties shall be accountable
for transparency and reliability of the entire evaluation
a. Theory Examinations
i.
Out of the total marks for each course/paper maximum 30% marks shall be earmarked for
continuous assessment (internal assessment/assignments) and remaining 70% for the semesterend examinations.
ii.
There shall be one semester-end examination of three hours duration in theory paper. Each
answer script of semester end examination (theory) may be evaluated by one internal and one
external examiner or by both external or internal examiners. Elective paper shall be of 50 marks
and of two hours duration.
Page 5 of 66
iii. The pass marks in each paper shall be 40%. There should be separate pass mark for internal
assessment. A candidate has to secure a minimum of 40% of marks in the semester-end
examination internal as well as semester end examination.
b. Practical/Project/Viva-voce Examination
There shall be practical examination at the end of every semester. The pass marks for each practical paper
shall be 40%. The practical examinations may be conducted with two internal examiners or two external
examiners or any one the examiners. There shall be no internal assessment test for
practical/laboratory work in any semester.
c. Internal Assessment Tests
Marks for internal assessment only for Principle theory papers shall be awarded on the basis of
attendance/regularity/punctuality, seminars, Poster presentations, viva-voce, field work/library
work/academic tour, MCQ’s tests, quiz competitions, assignments etc. as determined by the Board of
Studies in the respective subject. A student shall deliver one seminar lecture per course in each
semester.
Criteria for Internal Assessment:
The continuous internal assessment will be carried out course-wise and any five (5) criteria should be
selected from the followings:
1. Assignment-06 marks
2. Unit test-06 marks
3. Practical/Field-work-06 marks
4. Seminar/Oral presentation (Individual/Group)-06 marks
5. Participation/attendance/performance/punctuality in the class-06 marks
6. MCQs/Very short answer questions-06 marks
7. Quize-06 marks
8. viva-voce (Individual/Group)-06 marks
The internal assessment marks shall be notified on the department/college notice board for information of the
students and it shall be communicated to the Registrar (Evaluation) before the commencement of the
University examinations.
d.
Project/Major Dissertation/Field work
The project/dissertation/field work may be assigned to the student by the concerned supervisor before the
beginning of semester-IV so as to enable the student to plan and to set the methodology to carry out the
work during semester-IV. The project/dissertation/field work is assigned 6-18 credits and evaluated for
150-450. The work must be submitted by the student in the 15/16th week of the semester-IV. The work
shall be evaluated by an external and one internal examiner. The evaluation of the work shall be
completed before the commencement of semester-IV theory examinations.
Page 6 of 66
Dissertation Thesis : 250 marks/ 80 marks
Presentation
: 100 marks/ 35 marks
Viva-voce
: 100 marks/ 35 marks
Total
: 450 marks/150 marks
Procedure of awarding the grades
Marks and Award of Grades:
The following Table 1 gives % of the marks earned, numerically grades, letter grades and
description/classification to indicate the performance of the candidate.
Table 1
Conversion of Marks to Numerical Grade and Letter Grade
(Course Performance)
Sr. % marks obtained
Numerical
Letter grade
Performance of
No.
grade earned
earned
the student
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
90-99 %
80-89 %
70-79 %
60-69 %
50-59 %
40-49 %
Less than 40 %
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
O
A
B
C
D
E
F
Outstanding
Excellent
Very good
Good
Fair
Average
Dropped
It is clear from the Table 1 that, if any student obtains 67% in semester end examination in some course
say-Course-M, then the Numerical Grade earned is 7 and Letter grade earned is C (Good) in that
course.
The result of successful candidates at the end of each semester shall be declared in terms of GRADE POINT
AVERAGE (GPA) and letter grade. The result at the end of fourth semester shall be classified on the
basis of the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) obtained in all the four semester and the
corresponding overall letter sign grade. The SEVEN point grading system with the Numerical as well as
the letter grade as described as above and shall be recommended to be adopted. The Grade Point
Average (GPA) and the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) at the end of fourth semester shall be
computed as follows.
Computation of Grade Point Average(GPA):
Grade Point Average (GPA) is a measure of how well one is doing in academic studies. A student’s Grade
Point Average, or GPA, is a mathematical calculation that indicates where an average of the grades
falls on the given scale. The academic grading scale goes from “O” to “F”, with corresponding numerical
grade points ranging from the highest “10” to the lowest “4”.
The letter grade is assigned a numerical grade value according to the Grading Systems- as shown in the
Table 1. Each letter grade has a numeric grade point value assigned which is used to calculate Grade
Point Average (GPA) and cumulative grade point average (CGPA).
Page 7 of 66
The numerical grade in a course shall be assigned on the basis of actual marks scored at the semester end
examination including Internal Assessment in that course as per the above Table 1 provided he/she
secures a minimum of 40% marks in the semester examination. The candidate securing less than 40%
of marks in the end of semester examination(including Internal marks) in any course ( may be a theory /
practical / project_work /dissertation,etc.) shall be declared to have failed OR to be re-appear in the
next exam in that course.
The Grade Point (GP) for each course shall then be calculated as the product of the Numerical Grade
earned in that course and the credits for that course. The Grade Point Average (GPA) for each
semester is obtained by adding the GP of all the courses of the semester dividing by total Credits of the
semester (in science faculty it is 20 credits for each semester).
Procedure for GPA calculation:
Let, Ci = Credits of the ith course in the semester,
Gi= the numerical Grade obtained for the ith course in the semester and
N= the number of courses (credited) offered in the semester, then
Calculation of the Grade Point (GP) ith course of the semester is calculate as:
GRADE POINT (GPi) = Gi x Ci
GRADE POINT AVERAGE [GPA]
= (GP1 + GP2 +…+ GPn) / (C1 + C2 +…+ Cn)
= (GP1+GP2+…+GPn) / 20 (since total credit for each semester=20)
= (C1 x G1 + C2 x G2 +… + Cn x Gn) / (C1 + C2 + …+ Cn)
GPA=
Sum of the multiplication of numerical grade by the credits of the courses
Sum of the credits of the courses in a semester
Table 2
Calculation of GP and GPA for Semester I
Page 8 of 66
Course
offered
1
Marks obtained
Course
Total/
Credit Internal External
out of
2
CBO-401
CBO-402
CBO-403
PBO-401,
PBO-402,
PBO-403
3
4
4
4
4
24
21
19
% age
Numerical
of
grade
marks
5
6
37 61/100
56 77/100
44 63/100
Letter
grade
Grade
point
(GP=7 *
2)
GPA
Final grade
and
performance
8
9
10
11
7
61%
77%
63%
7
8
7
C
B
C
28
32
28
7.6
EBO-401/2/3
Total
6-
108 108/150
72%
8
B
48
220
37 37/50
74%
8
B
16
152
B
Very Good
Table 3
Calculation of GP and GPA for Semester II
Course
offered
1
CBO-404
CBO-405
CBO-406
PBO-404,
PBO-405,
PBO-406
EBO-404/5/6
Total
Marks obtained
Course
Credit Internal External Total/
out of
2
3
4
4
4
4
19
23
25
% age
Numerical
of
grade
marks
5
6
58 77/100
49 72/100
61 86/100
8
Grade
point
(GP=7 *
2)
9
B
B
A
32
32
36
Letter
grade
7
77%
72%
86%
8
8
9
6-
110 110/150
73%
8
B
48
220
35 35/50
70%
8
B
16
164
Table 4
Calculation of GP and GPA for Semester III
Page 9 of 66
GPA
Final grade
and
performance
10
11
8.2
A
Excellent
Marks obtained
Course
Credit Internal External Total/
out of
Course
offered
1
2
CBO-501
CBO-502
CBO-503
PBO-501,
PBO-502,
PBO-503
3
4
4
4
EBO-501/2/3
Total
4
18
25
22
5
53 71/100
59 84/100
51 73/100
% age
Numerical
of
grade
marks
6
7
71%
84%
73%
8
Grade
point
(GP=7 *
2)
9
B
A
B
32
36
32
Letter
grade
8
9
8
6-
112 112/150
75%
8
B
48
220
38 38/50
76%
8
B
16
164
GPA
Final grade
and
performance
10
11
8.2
A
Excellent
GPA
Final grade
and
performance
10
11
Table 5
Calculation of GP and GPA for Semester IV
8
Grade
point
(GP=7 *
2)
9
60 84/100
58 84/100
84%
84%
9
9
A
A
36
36
4-
115 115/150
77%
8
B
32
2620
35 35/50
120 120/150
70%
80%
8
9
B
A
16
54
174
Marks obtained
Course
Credit Internal External Total/
out of
Course
offered
1
2
CBO-504
CBO-505
PBO-504,
PBO-505,
SBO-101/2/3
Project worK
Total
3
4
4
4
24
26
5
% age
Numerical
of
grade
marks
6
Letter
grade
7
8.7
A
Excellent
Note: The candidates who pass the subject at first appearance and within the prescribed semester of the PG
Programme (Core, Elective, Non-major Electives and Extra-Disciplinary courses alone) only shall be
eligible for the evaluation process of the Grade point of that subject. Those students who clear the
examination at second or subsequent attempt or having skipped the first attempt in the subject shall be
granted the numerical grade of only 1.0 (as the lowest one) instead of the higher numerical grade
obtained by the candidate.
Calculation of CGPA for the entire programme
Cumulative GPA is a calculation of the average of all grades for all semesters and courses completed at the
PG programme.
CUMULATIVE GRADE POINT AVERAGE [CGPA] =
CGPA=
Sum of the multiplication of GPA of the semester by the total credits of that semester
Sum of the credits of the courses of the entire programme
Table 6
Calculation of CGPA for entire programme
Page 10 of 66
Semester
Credits
GPA
Obtained
1
I
II
III
IV
Total
2
3
20
20
20
20
80
Letter
grade
obtained
4
B
A
A
A
7.6
8.2
8.2
8.7
Total
grade
% age
point
obtained
average (3
x 2)
5
6
76
152
82
164
82
164
87
174
654
CGPA
Grade/Class/
Equivalent % age
7
8
8.2
A
excellent
First class with
disctintion 82%
Descriptions of each component described as follow:
Letter
Grade
Numerical
Grade
Grade
Points
O
90 - 100
10
9-10
A
80 - 89
9
B
70 - 79
C
CGPA
Performance
Letter Grade Description
Out standing
First class with distinction.
8-8.99
Excellent
First class with distinction.
8
7-7.99
Very Good
First class with distinction.
60 - 69
7
6-6.99
Good
D
50 - 59
6
5-5.99
Fair
E
40-49
5
4-4.99
Average
Pass class
F
0 - 39
4
Below 4
Dropped
Dropped
First Class
Second Class
Under CBCS Post Graduate Programme
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(Science Faculty)
(Subject to the modifications to be made from time to time)
[To be implemented from June 2011 onwards]
There are total six (6) questions in a core course, with Two sections, each section is of three questions
and carries 35 marks.
There are TWO sections, so the answers of each section must be written in separate answer book.
Any section may be assessed by external examiner, if available.
All questions are compulsory.
Each core theory course will be of three hours’ duration.
The minimum marks required for passing the examination (internal & external) will be 40% in each core and
elective courses.
The continuous internal assessment will be carried out course-wise by the respective faculty member in
consultation with the course coordinator/head and any five (5) criteria should be selected from the
followings:
1. Assignment-06 marks
2. Unit test-06 marks
3. Practical/Field-work-06 marks
Page 11 of 66
4. Seminar/Oral presentation (Individual/Group)-06 marks
5. Participation/attendance/performance/punctuality in the class-06 marks
6. MCQs/Very short answer questions-06 marks
7. Quize-06 marks
8. viva-voce (Individual/Group)-06 marks
8. Record should be maintained by the concerned P G Department/Centre.
9. No internal assessment for Practical course.
10. Course-wise (out of 30) mark-sheet for internal assessment should be submitted to the University
Examination wing, before the commencement of Semester-end Examination.
11. There are total three (3) questions in the elective course, First two questions will carry equal i.e., 20 marks
while last (3rd) question will be of 10 marks. There are two sections, so the answers of each section must
be written in separate answer book. Any one section in elective course may be assessed by external
examiner. Each elective theory course will be of two hours’ duration and of 50 marks.
12. The semester end examinations question paper shall cover all the units of the syllabus.
-----------------------------------------------------xxxxxxxxxxxxx---------------------------------------------------
General format/design of core course / Question paper style/pattern
for Semester-end Examination
The semester-end examination question paper shall have the following format:
1. Question Paper will be set in the view of the /in accordance with the entire Syllabus and preferably covering
each unit of syllabi.
2. Any two questions should be 2 out of 3 and remaining two questions should be 3 out of 5 will be asked
and one question in each section will be of short answer type question, and is of 7 marks.
3. There are TWO sections in each theory course. Write answers in separate answer books. In each section
last question should be of 07 marks and of short answer type questions.
SECTION-I
Question 1: Answer the following: (two out of three) each of 07 marks.
1.
Question from Unit-I
2.
Question from Unit-I
3.
Question from Unit-I
14
Question 2: Answer the following: (three out of five) each of 05, 05, and 04 marks.
1.
Question from Unit-II
2.
Question from Unit-II
3.
Question from Unit-II
4.
Question from Unit-II
5.
Question from Unit-II
14
Question 3: Answer the following: (four out of six) each of 02, 02, 02 & 01 marks.
1.
Question from Unit-I (02)
2.
Question from Unit-I (02)
3.
Question from Unit-I (01)
4.
Question from Unit-II (02)
5.
Question from Unit-II (02)
6.
Question from Unit-II (01)
07
SECTION-II
Page 12 of 66
Question 4: Answer the following: (two out of three) each of 07 marks.
1.
Question from Unit-III
2.
Question from Unit-III
3.
Question from Unit-III
14
Question 5: Answer the following: (three out of five) each of 05, 05, and 04 marks.
1.
Question from Unit-IV
2.
Question from Unit-IV
3.
Question from Unit-IV
4.
Question from Unit-IV
5.
Question from Unit-IV
14
Question 6: Answer the following: (four out of six) each of 02, 02, 02 & 01 marks.
07
1.
Question from Unit-III (02)
2.
Question from Unit-III (02)
3.
Question from Unit-III (01)
4.
Question from Unit-IV (02)
5.
Question from Unit-IV (02)
6.
Question from Unit-IV (01)
-----------------------------------------------------xxxxxxxxxxxxx--------------------------------------------------General format/design of elective course / Question paper style/pattern
for Semester-end Examination
The semester-end examination question paper shall have the following format:
1. Question Paper will be set in the view of the /in accordance with the entire Syllabus and preferably covering
each unit of syllabi.
2. First question is of 20 marks, from first unit will be asked (If there are total four units, then ask from first two
units). Second question is of 05 marks, from first unit will be asked (If there are total four units, then ask
from first two units).
3. Third question is of 20 marks, from second unit will be asked (If there are total four units, then ask from last
two units). Fourth question is of 05 marks, from second unit will be asked (If there are total four units, then
ask from lastt two units).
4. There are TWO sections in each theory course. Write answers in separate answer books.
SECTION-I
Question 1: Answer the following:
a.
Questions from Unit-I (or Unit-I and II, if total 4 Units)
Long answer questions (2 out of 3) each of 5 marks……..10
b.
Questions from Unit-I (or Unit-I and II, if total 4 units)
Medium answer questions (2 out of 4) each of 3 marks……..06
c.
Questions from Unit-I (or Unit-I and II, if total 4 units)
Short answer questions (2 out of 4) each of 2 marks……..04
Question 2: Answer the following: (five out of seven) each of 01 mark.
1.
Question from Unit-I (or Unit-I and II, if total 4 Units)
2.
Question from Unit-I (or Unit-I and II, if total 4 Units)
3.
Question from Unit-I (or Unit-I and II, if total 4 Units)
4.
Question from Unit-I (or Unit-I and II, if total 4 Units)
5.
Question from Unit-I (or Unit-I and II, if total 4 Units)
6.
Question from Unit-I (or Unit-I and II, if total 4 Units)
Page 13 of 66
20
05
Hemchandracharya
North Gujarat University
PATAN-384 265
NAAC ‘B’ (CGPA) Accredited (State University)
7.
Question from Unit-I (or Unit-I and II, if total 4 Units)
SECTION-II
Question 3: Answer the following:
a.
Questions from Unit-II (or Unit-III and IV, if total 4 Units)
Long answer questions (2 out of 3) each of 5 marks……..10
b.
Questions from Unit-II (or Unit-III and IV, if total 4 Units)
Medium answer questions (2 out of 4) each of 3 marks……..06
c.
Questions from Unit-II (or Unit-III and IV, if total 4 Units)
Short answer questions (2 out of 4) each of 2 marks……..04
Question 4: Answer the following: (five out of seven) each of 01 mark.
1.
Question from Unit-II (or Unit-III and IV, if total 4 Units)
2.
Question from Unit-II (or Unit-III and IV, if total 4 Units)
3.
Question from Unit-II (or Unit-III and IV, if total 4 Units)
4.
Question from Unit-II (or Unit-III and IV, if total 4 Units)
5.
Question from Unit-II (or Unit-III and IV, if total 4 Units)
6.
Question from Unit-II (or Unit-III and IV, if total 4 Units)
7.
Question from Unit-II (or Unit-III and IV, if total 4 Units)
-----------------------------------------------------xxxxxxxxxxxxx---------------------------------------------------
M.Sc. Part-I :: Semester-I :: Botany
Principle / Core papers
CBO-401:
BACTERIOLOGY, PHYCOLOGY, MYCOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY
CBO-402:
BRYOPHYTES, PTERIDOPHYTES, GYMNOSPERMS AND FOSSILS
Core interdisciplinary paper
CBO-403:
CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
Practical papers
PBO-401:
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-401
PBO-402:
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-402
PBO-403:
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-403
Elective disciplinary/interdisciplinary papers
Choice-based : Student should select any one course from the followings.
EBO-401:
EBO-402:
EBO-403:
BIODIVERSITY
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
HORTICULTURE
Page 14 of 66
20
05
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT101CC
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
1
BACTERIOLOGY, PHYCOLOGY, MYCOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY
Course type :
Core
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
Total credit :
04
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
30
70 (3 Hours)
100
(hrs)
CBO-401
BACTERIOLOGY, PHYCOLOGY, MYCOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY
(Credit: 4)
Unit-I
Bacteriology
General characters and classification of Bacteria.
Structure of Bacterial cell.
Nutrition and reproduction in Bacteria.
Economic importance of Bacteria.
Main Reference(s):
Pelczar M J, Chan E C S and Krieg N R (2004) Microbiology, Tata McGraw-Hall Publishing Company Ltd.,
New Delhi (27th Reprint Edition).
Other Reference(s):
Dubey H C (2004), Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi, Vikas Publishing House P Ltd , New delhi.
Prescott, Harley and Klein, Microbiology (6th edition).
Sharma P D (2007), Microbiology (6th edition).
Patel R J and Patel K R (2000), Experimental Microbiology Vol.-I, Aditya, Amdavad.
Powar and Daginawala (1997), General Microbiology Vol.I & II, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
Unit-II Phycology
General characters and classification of different divisions (classes) of Algae: Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta,
Charophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta.
Thallus organization (Range of thallus) and reproduction in Algae.
Life cycle patterns in Algae.
Economic importance of Algae.
Main Reference(s):
Page 15 of 66
Hait G, Bhattacharya K and Ghosh A K (2008) A Text Book of Botany, Vol-I, New Central Book Agency (P)
Ltd., Kolkata (1st Edition’s Reprint).
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (4th
Revised Edition’s Reprint).
Other Reference(s):
Vasishtha B R, Sinha A K and Singh V P (2007), Botany for degree students-Algae (5th edition), S. Chand &
Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Pandey B P (2001), College Botany Vol. I, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Purohit S S and Deo P P (2005), UGC Unified College Botany –First Year, Student edition, Jodhpur.
Gangulee S.C., Das K.S., Dutta C.D. and Kar (1985), College Botany Vol. I, II & III, New Central Book
Agency, Kolkata.
Pandey S N, Misra S P, Mukharjee and Trivedi P S (2003) A Text Book of Botany Vol.I& II, Vikas Publ. H. P
L, N. Delhi.
Unit-III Mycology
General characters and classification of different divisions (classes) of Fungi: Phycomycetes,
Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
Nutrition in Fungi.
Reproduction in Fungi and Heterothallism.
Economic importance of Fungi: food and fodder, industry, medicine.
Main Reference(s):
Hait G, Bhattacharya K and Ghosh A K (2008) AText Book of Botany, Vol-I, New Central Book Agency (P)
Ltd., Kolkata (1st Edition’s Reprint).
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (4th
Revised Edition’s Reprint).
Sharma P D (2003) The Fungi, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (2nd Edition’s Reprint).
Vashishta B R and Sinha A K (2007) Botany for Degree Students –Fungi, S Chand & Company Ltd., New
Delhi (1st Edition’s Revised and Multicolour-Reprint).
Other Reference(s):
Vasishtha B R and Sinha A K (2002), Botany for degree students-Fungi (5th edition), S. Chand & Co. Ltd.,
New
Delhi
Sharma O P (2002), Text Book of Fungi (9th edition), Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co Ltd.,Delhi.
Dubey H.C. (2005), An Introduction to Fungi, (3rd edition), Vikas Publishing House P. Ltd.,New Delhi
Sundra Rajan S (2001), Introduction to Fungi, (1st edition), Anmol Publications P. Ltd., New Delhi.
Swanton E W (2002), Fungi (), Surbhi Publications, Jaipur
Alexopoulos C.J., Mims C W and Blackwell M (2002)Introductory Mycology (3rd edition), John Wiley &
Sons, New York.
Sumbali Geeta (2005), The Fungi, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
Pandey B P ( 2002), Botany B Sc I, S Chand & Co L, New Delhi.
Unit-IV Plant Pathology
Introduction, general symptoms and classification of plant diseases.
Diseases of plant: Symptoms and types.
Defense mechanisms
Symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle and control measures of following diseases:
Citrus canker
Bacterial blight of Paddy
Page 16 of 66
Downy mildew
Rusts and Smuts
Main Reference(s):
Rangaswami G (1988) Diseases of Crop plants in India, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
(3rd Edition).
Pandey B P (2006) Plant Pathology-Pathogen and Plant Diseases, S Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi (1st
Edition’s Reprint).
Mehrotra R S (1991) Plant Pathology, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (8th
Edition’s Reprint).
Agrios George N (2004) Plant Pathology, Academic Press, Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (4th
Edition/ 1st Indian Edition’s Reprint).
Other Reference(s):
Sharma P D (2003) Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (2nd Edition’s
Reprint).
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT101PR
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
1
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-401
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Practical
Total credit :
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 (6 to 15 Hours)
50
PBO-401
PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-401
(Credit: 2)
BACTERIOLOGY

Staining techniques
 Simple staining
 Special staining

02
Bacterial mobility
Page 17 of 66
PHYCOLOGY

Study of following algae
 Scytonema, Microcystis, Anabaena, Ulva, Coleochaete, Pithophora, Chara, Nitella, Laminaria,
Fucus, Ceramium, Polysiphonia
MYCOLOGY

Study of following Fungi
 Saprolagnia, Phytophthora, Peziza, Penecillium, Ustilago, Lycoperdon, Cercospora, Fusarium,
PLANT PATHOLOGY

Study of following plant diseases
 Citrus canker
 Bacterial blight of Paddy
 Downy mildew of Grapes
 Rust of Wheat
 Smut of Barley
 Smut of Sugarcane
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT101PR
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
1
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-401
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Practical
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 (6 to 15 Hours)
50
(Marks)
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
M. Sc. Part-I :: Semester-I
Botany Practical Examination, Nov./Dec.-201_
PBO-401: Botany Practical
[BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-401]
[BACTERIOLOGY, PHYCOLOGY, MYCOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY]
Date:
/
/ 201_
[In force from June 2011]
Time: 5 Hours]
Place:
[Maximum Marks: 50
Page 18 of 66
Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.
1.
Proceed to perform simple staining/special staining from the given sample A. Write principle of
staining technique. Show your preparation to the examiner.
05
OR
1.
Perform Bacterial mobility/Protozoan motility of the given water sample A by hanging drop method.
Show your preparation to the examiner.
05
2.
Identify and describe the structural peculiarities observed in the given specimens B, C, D and E.
16
3.
Make temporary slide of the reproductive organ from the specimen F and show your preparation to
the examiner.
05
Expose and mount the pathogen from the specimen G. Draw a labeled diagram of observed
structure under microscope and show your preparation to the examiner.
05
5.
Identify and describe peculiarities seen in slides H, I, and J.
06
6.
(a) Journal
03
(b) Submission
05
(c) viva-voce
05
4.
X
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT102CC
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
1
BRYOPHYTES, PTERIDOPHYTES, GYMNOSPERMS AND FOSSILS
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Core
Total credit :
04
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
30
70 (3 Hours)
100
CBO-402
Page 19 of 66
BRYOPHYTES, PTERIDOPHYTES, GYMNOSPERMS AND FOSSILS
(Credit: 4)
Unit-I
Bryophytes
General characters and classification (Rothmaler and Proskaeur) of Bryophytes.
Study of gametophytes and sporophytes of following groups:
Hepaticopsida
Anthocerotopsida
Bryopsida
Evolution of sporophytes in Bryophytes.
Economic importance of Bryophytes.
Main Reference(s):
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (4th
Revised Edition’s Reprint).
Vashishta B R and Sinha A K (2007) Botany for Degree Students –Bryophyta, S Chand & Company Ltd.,
New Delhi (1st Edition’s Revised and Multicolour-Reprint).
Other Reference(s):
A V S S Sambamurty (2005), A text book of Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and
Paleobotany (
),
Parihar N.S. (
), Pteridophyta
Unit-II
Pteridophytes
General characters and classification of Pteridophytes.
Telome theory (evolution of sporophytes), Types of Stele and Stelar evolution.
Soral evolution in ferns, Heterospory and seed habit.
Study of gametophytes and sporophytes of:
Psilotales
Lycopodiales
Filicales
Main Reference(s):
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (4th
Revised Edition’s Reprint).
Vashishta B R and Sinha A K (2007) Botany for Degree Students –Pteridophyta, S Chand & Company
Ltd., New Delhi (1st Edition’s Revised and Multicolour-Reprint).
Hait G, Bhattacharya K and Ghosh A K (2008) AText Book of Botany, Vol-I, New Central Book
Agency (P) Ltd., Kolkata (1st Edition’s Reprint).
Unit-III
Gymnosperms
General characters and classification (Bierhorst) of Gymnosperms.
Comparative account of:
Cycadales, Coniferels, Ephadrales, Gnetales, Ginkgoales.
Structure and evolution of male and female gametophytes of Gymnosperms.
Geological rise and fall of Gymnosperms.
Main Reference(s):
Page 20 of 66
Biswas C and Johri B M (2004) The Gymnosperms, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi (2nd Reprint
Edition).
Vasishta P C (2005) Botany for Degree Students Gymnosperms, S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi
(1st Edition’s Reprint)
Other Reference(s)
Pandey B P (2003) College Botany –Vol.-II, S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (1st Edition’s Reprint)
Pandey S N, Misra S P and Trivedi P S (2003) A Text Book of Botany –Vol.-II, Vikas Publishing House Pvt
Ltd., New Delhi (11th Revised Edition’s Reprint).
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (4th
Revised Edition’s Reprint).
Pandey B P (2003) Simplified Course in Botany –B Sc-II, S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (1st
Edition’s Reprint)
Bhatnagar S P and Moitra Alok (2006) Gymnosperms,, New Age International (P) Ltd, Publishers.,New
Delhi (1st Edition’s Reprint)
Unit-IV Fossils
Nomenclature of Fossils
Geological Time-scale, Fossilization.
Detailed study of following fossils:
Rhynia, Asteroxylon, Protolepidodendron
General account of following fossils:
Bennettitales, Pentoxylales, Cordaitales
Main Reference(s):
Hait G, Bhattacharya K and Ghosh A K (2008) AText Book of Botany, Vol-I, New Central Book Agency (P)
Ltd., Kolkata (1st Edition’s Reprint).
Biswas C and Johri B M (2004) The Gymnosperms, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi (2nd Reprint
Edition).
Vasishta P C (2005) Botany for Degree Students Gymnosperms, S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi
(1st Edition’s Repr
PBO-402
PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-402
(Credit: 2)
BRYOPHYTES

Study of following Bryophytes
 Plagiochasma, Pellia, Porella, Anthocerose, Notothylus, Sphagnum, Polytrichum, Pogonatum
PTERIDOPHYTES

Study of following Pteridophytes
 Psilotum, Lycopodium Selaginella, Osmunda, Cyathea, Pteris, Adiantum, Dryopteris, Azolla
GYMNOSPERMS

Study of following Gymnosperms
Page 21 of 66
 Cycas, Zamia, Cedrus, Cupressus, Cryptomeria, Thuja, Podocarpus, Pinus, Araucaria, Ephedra,
Gnetum
FOSSILS

Study of Fossils as per theory syllabus.
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
Course Code
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
M.Sc Botany
1
Total credit :
02
MBOT102PR
LAB.PRAC BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO -402
Practical
Course type :
Programme Name :
Semester :
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
(Marks)
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 (6 to 15 Hours)
50
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
M. Sc. Part-I : Semester-I
Botany Practical Examination, Nov./Dec.-201_
PBO-402: Botany Practical
[BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-402]
[BRYOPHYTES, PTERIDOPHYTES, GYMNOSPERMS AND FOSSILS]
Date:
/
/ 201_
[In force from June 2011]
Time: 5 Hours]
Place:
[Maximum Marks: 50
Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.
1.
Identify and classify given specimens A, B and C.
12
2.
Identify and describe with diagrams the structural peculiarities observed in the given specimens D, E
and F.
12
Expose and make temporary slide of the reproductive organ from the given specimen G and show
your preparation to the examiner.
05
3.
Page 22 of 66
4.
5.
(a) Identify and describe peculiarities seen in slides H and I.
04
(b) Comment upon the fossil specimen/slide/chart J.
04
(a) Journal
03
(b) Submission
05
(c) viva-voce
05
X
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT103CE
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
1
HORTICULTURE
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Elective
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
(Marks)
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 ( 2 Hours)
50
CBO-403
CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
(Credit: 4)
Unit -I Cell Biology
Structure of model membrane, electrical properties and function of membrane. Lipid bilayer and
membrane protein
Nucleus and nucleolar – ultra structure chemical nature, nucleolar chromosome.
Nuclear envelope: ultra structure and chemical nature, transport of material and pore complex.
Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles:
Plastds, Mitochondria, Cellwall, Golgibodies, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes.
Cell-divisions, Polytene chromosome, lampbrush chromosome and their importance.
Main Reference(s):
Verma P S and Agarwal (2006) Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology. S
Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (1st Multicolour Edition-Reprint).
Unit -II Genetics
Page 23 of 66
Genetic interactions
Extra chromosomal inheritance:
Male sterility-origin, induction and application.
Paternal inheritance of cholroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA.
Non chromosomal genes in Chlamydomonas.
Mitrochonrial genetics – petite in yeast and porky in Neurospora.
Unit -III Genetics
Chromosmal (genetic) mapping.
Molecular basis of spotnaneus and induced mutation, Physical and chemical mutagenes
Genetics of matric characters:
Genes and quantitative characters.
Analysis of quantitative characters.
Mobile genetics:
Insertion sequences and transposons in Bacteria- AC-DS system.
Genetic control of cell division:
Regulation of mitotic cell cycle in Eukaryotes, cancerous cells, tumour inducing virus, Protooncogenes and cellular oncogenes.
Unit -1V Population Genetics
Principles of Mendelian genetics.
Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium.
Factors affecting gene frequency - Natural selection.
Genetic polymorphism and Genetic drift.
Main Reference(s):
Strickberger M W (2005) Genetics, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi (3rd Edition-EEE).
Rastogi Veer Bala (1991-92) A Text Book of Genetics, Kedar Nath Ram Nath, Meerut (9th Revised
Edition).
Singh B D (2001) Plant Breeding-Principles and Methods, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana (1st Edition’s
Reprint).
Main Reference(s):
Gupta P K (2005) Genetics, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi (3rd Edition-EEE).
Rastogi Veer Bala (1991-92) A Text Book of Genetics, Kedar Nath Ram Nath, Meerut (9th Revised
Edition).
Verma P S and Agarwal (2006) Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology. S
Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (1st Multicolour Edition-Reprint).
Other Reference(s):
Sambamurty ( ), Genetics (2nd edition)
Gupta P K (2007 ), Genetics-classical to modern (1st edition)
PBO-403
PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-403
(Credit: 2)
Page 24 of 66
Cell Biology
Study of various cell organelles through permanent Slides/Charts/Models/ Photographs/Microphotographs
Plastids, Mitochondria, Cell wall, Golgibodies, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes
Temporary stained preparation of Mitosis / Meiosis
Onion tip, Ipomoea bud, Tradescantia bud and Aloe bud
Study of Giant chromosomes from Salivary glands of
Drosophila (Polytene), Chyronomous larva (Lamp brush)
Methods of induction of Polyploidy in onion root tip
Exercise may be given according to the syllabus.
Genetics
Study of permanent Slides/Charts/Models/Photographs
Male sterility, Circular genetic map of chloroplast genome in Clamydomonas, Chromosomal
mapping, Cell cycle and cancerous cell
Insertion sequence, Transposable elements and AC-DS system
Hardy Weinberg genetic equilibrium
Problems on quantitative genetics-metrics characters (Multifactor-Polygenic inheritance)
Kernel colour in Wheat, Skin colour in Man
Solve the Genetical problems on topics included in the theory syllabus.
Exercise may be given according to the syllab
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT103PR
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
1
LAB.PRAC BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO -403
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Practical
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 (6 to 15 Hours)
50
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
M. Sc. Part-I :: Semester-I
Botany Practical Examination, Nov./Dec.-201_
Page 25 of 66
PBO-403: Botany Practical
[BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-403]
[CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS]
Date:
/
/ 201_
[In force from June 2011]
Place:
Time: 5 Hours]
[Maximum Marks: 50
Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.
1. Make a temporary stained preparation of Mitosis / Meiosis from given
and show any stage(s) of cell division to the examiner.
material ‘A’
06
2. Make a temporary stained preparation of Giant chromosomes from
‘B’ and show your preparation to the examiner.
3. Prepare a stained slide of Polyploidy induction from given
your preparation to the examiner.
given material
06
material ‘C’ and show
06
4. Solve and conclude the problems from Genetics
10
D.____________________________________
E.____________________________________
5. Comment upon the given spots/Photographs/Diagrams.
09
F.____________________________________
G.____________________________________
H.____________________________________
6. (a) Journal
03
(b) Submission
05
(c) viva-voce
05
X
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT101CE
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
1
BIODIVERSITY
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Elective
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 ( 2 Hours)
50
Page 26 of 66
EBO-401
BIODIVERSITY
(Credit: 2)
Unit-I: Biodiversity-types, uses and its depletion
Biodiversity Science: Definition, Significance of Biodiversity, types of biodiversity (Genetic diversity,
Species Diversity and Ecosystem diversity).
Ethics and Uses of Biodiversity: Biodiversity values, Ethical and Aesthetic values, Uses of plants (Food,
Fodder and forage, Rattans and Canes, Medicinal and Ornamental plants).
Depletion of Biodiversity: Loss of Genetic diversity, Species Diversity and Ecosystem diversity, Factors
affecting in loss of biodiversity and process of species extinction, Loss in Diversity of major
Ecosystem of the World.
Unit-II: Biodiversity-conservation and management
Conservation of Biodiversity: Why Conservation; Conservation of Genetic diversity, Species Diversity and
Ecosystem diversity; In-situ and Ex-situ conservation; Role of Biotechnology in Biodiversity
Conservation; Current Practice in conservation of it in India; Social Approaches in Conservation of
Biodiversity (examples like Chipko movement, etc.); Role of Educational Institute in Biodiversity
Conservation.
Biodiversity Management and Prospecting: Organisations Associated with Biodiversity Management
(IUCN, UNEP, UNESCO, WWF, ICSU, FAO, WCMC, GEF, ETC); Biodiversity Legislation and
Convention; Biodiversity Laws; Biodiversity – Information and Communication; Role of Indigenous
Knowledge System in Biodiversity Prospecting and Conservation; Intellectual Property Rights
(IPRs); and Biopiracy.
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT102CE
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
1
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Elective
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 ( 2 Hours )
50
EBO-402
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
(Credit: 2)
Page 27 of 66
Unit-I

Introduction, objectives and sub-divisions

Factors - Wind and Fire

Population - Introduction, Influences (Growth and Density), Natality (Birth rate)), Mortality (Death rate),
Fluctuation, Dispersal.

Community: Synecology – Phyto-sociological characters and methods of plant community.

Genecology-Concept of species, Ecotype, Niche.

Ecosystem-Types, Structure and Function, Energy flow, Productivity, Biogeochemical cycles (Nitrogen
and Phosphorus).
Unit-II

Plant indicators.

Pollution - Toxic, Acid rain, Green house gases, Ozone layer as a Earth protected umbrella.

Phytogeography - Flora of India, Major biomes of the world.

Conservation - Introduction, Endangered species (IUCN categories), Forest research work in India, Wild
life sanctuaries in India.

Environmental Education - Introduction, goals, objectives and guiding principles.
Page 28 of 66
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT103CE
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
1
HORTICULTURE
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Elective
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 ( 2 Hours)
50
EBO-403
HORTICULTURE
(Credit: 2)
Unit-I

Seed Germination: Methods, Factors and Effect of PGRS and Seedling Vigour index.

General aspects of Vegetative propagation: Importance, Clone-changes with Age, Chimera.

General accounts of some Horticulture Plants: Growing practices, propagation, flowering, Packaging
and Preservation.

Green House: Types, Construction and Advantages.
Unit-II

Propagation by Cutting: Anatomical and Physiological Aspects and Factors, Techniques and
Advantages.

Propagation by Grafting and Budding: Advantages, Anatomical Aspects, Graft, Incompatibility,
Physiological Aspects, Technique of Grafting and Budding.

Propagation by Layering: Anatomical and Physiological Aspects, Factors and types.

Propagation by Specialized Stem and Roots: Bulbs, Corns, Tubers, Tuberous Roots and Rhizomes.
Page 29 of 66
Hemchandracharya
North Gujarat University
PATAN-384 265
NAAC ‘B’ (CGPA) Accredited (State University)
M.Sc. Part-I :: Semester-II :: Botany
Principle / Core papers
CBO-404:
ANGIOSPERM TAXONOMY AND PLANT REPRODUCTION
CBO-405:
PLANT ANATOMY AND ECOLOGY
Core interdisciplinary paper
CBO-406:
BIOPHYSICS. INSTRUMENTATION AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Practical papers
PBO-404:
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-404
PBO-405:
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-405
PBO-406:
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-406
Elective disciplinary/interdisciplinary papers
(Choice-based)
Student should select any one course from the followings
EBO-404:
PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF HERBAL DRUGS
EBO-405:
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
EBO-406:
MARINE BOTANY
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT201CE
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
2
PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF HERBAL DRUGS
Elective
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
(Marks)
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 (2 Hors )
50
CBO-404
ANGIOSPERM TAXONOMY AND PLANT REPRODUCTION
(Credit: 4)
Unit-I
Taxonomy
Salient features of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.
Taxonomic evidence: morphology, anatomy, palynology, embryology, cytology.
Page 30 of 66
Taxonomic tools: Herbarium; floras; histological, cytological, phytochemical, serological, biochemical
and molecular techniques; computers and GIS.
Systems of angiosperm classification: Phenetic versus phylogenetic systems; cladistics in Taxonomy;
relative merits and demerits of major systems of classification: Takhtajan, Bassaey,
Hutchinson.
Main Reference(s):
Singh V and Jain D K (1999) Taxonomy of Angiosperms, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (2nd Edition’s
Reprint).
Sambamurty A V S S (2005) Taxonomy of Angiosperms, I K International P Ltd, New Delhi (1st Edition)
Pandey B P (2004) A Text Book of Botany: Angiosperms, S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (1st
Edition’s Reprint)
Other Reference(s):
Reddy S M, Madhusudana Rao M, Reddy S A, Reddy M M and Chary J S (2004) University Botany-3,
New Age International (P) Ltd, Publishers, New Delhi (1st Edition).
Subrahmanyam N S (1999) Modern Plant Taxonomy, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd,,New Delhi (1st
Edition’s Reprint.
Unit-II
Families
Taxonomical studies of the following families with references to their geographical distribution,
systematic position, floral variations and economic importance.
DICOTYLEDONS :
Polypetalae:
Menispermaceae, Capparaceae, Sterculiaceae, Anacardiaceae,
Meliaceae, Molluginaceae, Cactaceae.
Gamopetalae:
Rutaceae,
Oleaceae, Convolvulaceae, Salvadoraceae, Lamiaceae.
Apetalae: Nyctaginaceae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Euphorbiaceae.
MONOCOTYLEDONS: Lamnaceae, Typhaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae.
Main Reference(s):
Lawrence G H M (1967) Taxonomy of Vascular Plants, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.Pvt Ltd., New Delhi
(1st Indian Edition).
Singh V Pande P C and Jain D K (1995) A Text Book of Botany-Angiosperms, Rastogi Publications,
Meerut (1st Edition’s Reprint).
Singh V and Jain D K (1999) Taxonomy of Angiosperms, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (2nd Edition’s
Reprint).
Unit-III
Plant Reproduction
Microsporangium:Anther wall, Sporogenous tissue, Microsporogenesis.
Male gametophyte-development: Formation of vegetative and generative cells, pollen wall.
Male gametophyte-morphology: Introduction, pollen wall features, Scope of Palynology, preparation of
pollen grains,
Megasporangium: Types of ovules, integuments, megasporogenesis.
Unit-IV
Plant Reproduction
Female gametophyte:
General, types of embryo sacs, Mature embryo sac, Haustorial behaviour of
embryo sac, nutrition of embryo sac
Fertilization: pollen germination, pollen tube growth and guidance, in-vitro pollen germination, pollen
viability test, double fertilization.
Endosperm development during early, maturation and desiccation stages.
Embryogenesis, ultra structure and nuclear cytology, polyembryony.
Page 31 of 66
Main Reference(s):
Reddy S M, Madhusudana Rao M, Reddy S A, Reddy M M and Chary J S (2004) University Botany-3,
New Age International (P) Ltd, Publishers, New Delhi (1st Edition).
Pandey B P (2003) Simplified Course in Botany –B Sc-II, S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (1st
Edition’s Reprint)
Other Reference(s):
Bhojwani S S and Bhatnagar S P (2001) The Embryology of Angiosperms, Vikas Publishing House Pvt
Ltd., New Delhi (4th Revised Edition’s Reprint).
Maheshwari P (1989) An Introduction to the Embryology of Angiosperms, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi (10th Edition’s Reprint).
PBO-404
PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-404
(Credit: 2)
TAXONOMY

Study of genera from listed families as per theory syllabus.

Identify the genus and species of given plant specimen with the help of flora(s).
PLANT REPRODUCTION

To study the young and matured anther T.S.

in-vitro pollen germination by hanging drop and suspension method.

To dissect out endosperm haustoria with embryo of cucumber seed.

To dissect out Embryo with suspensor and basal cell from Brassica seed.

Study the poly embryo from citrus seeds.
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT201PR
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
2
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-404
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Practical
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 (6 to 15 Hours )
50
Page 32 of 66
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
M. Sc. Part-I :: Semester-II
Botany Practical Examination, April/May-201_
PBO-404: Botany Practical
[BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-404]
[ANGIOSPERM TAXONOMY AND PLANT REPRODUCTION]
Date:
/
/ 201_
[In force from June 2011]
Place:
Time: 5 Hours]
[Maximum Marks: 50
Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.
1.
Refer the given specimens A, B and C to their respective families giving reasons. Draw the labeled
diagrams, and give their floral formula and floral diagram.
15
2.
Identify the genus and species of given plant specimen D by using flora.
04
3.
Expose, mount and show your unstained/stained preparation to the examiner from given material E
as per instruction:
Tapetum / Diad / Tetrad / Endosperm haustorium / Embryo with suspensor.
06
Perform in vitro pollen germination by hanging drop/suspension method from the given material F.
Show your preparation to the examiner.
OR
Perform acetolysis from the given material F. Show your preparation to the examiner.
06
Identify and describe the structural peculiarities observed in the given slides and/or specimens G
and H.
06
(a) Journal
03
(b) Submission/Herbarium
05
(c) viva-voce
05
4.
4.
5.
6.
X
CBO-405
PLANT ANATOMY AND ECOLOGY
(Credit: 4)
Page 33 of 66
Unit-I Plant Anatomy
Meristems: Classification of Meristems; Apical Meristems: Theories of Shoot Apical Meristems: Apical Cell
Theory, Histogenic layer theory, Anneau initial & meristem d’attente theory.
Root Apex: Theories of Root apex organization: Apical Cell Theory, Korper-Kappe theory, Concept of
quiescent centre, development of lateral roots and root hairs.
Transition of vegetative shoot apex into reproductive shoot apex.
Development of Plant Tissues: Simple and Complex tissues.
Vascular Elements: Functional Differentiation.
Wood Anatomy: Ontogeny of secondary vascular tissues, Growth rings, Heart wood & Sap wood, Porous &
non-porous wood, wood parenchyma.
Unit-II Plant Anatomy
Vascular Cambium: origin, structure, seasonal changes in cambium activity, cambium in wound healing and
grafting, cambium in monocotyledons.
Anomalous Secondary Growth in Aristolochia stem, Mirabilis stem, Bougainvillea stem and Chenopodium
stem.
Structural variability in Leaves of Helianthus, Aloe, Calotropis, Typha, Nymphaea and Maize.
Systematic Plant Anatomy: with special references to trichomes, stomata, leaf anatomy, nodal anatomy,
cellular contents, wood anatomy and flower anatomy.
Main Reference(s):
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (1998) Anatomy of Seed Plants, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (1st
Edition’s Reprint).
Pandey B P (1997) Plant Anatomy, S Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi. (1st Edition’s Reprint).
E John Jothi Prakash (2000) A Text Book of Plant Anatomy, Emkay Publications, Delhi. (2nd Revised
Edition).
Tayal M S (2001) Plant Anatomy, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (5th Edition’s Reprint).
Unit-III Plant Ecology
Physociological characters and methods of plant community
Ecosystem - Structure and Function, Types-terrestrial (forest and grass land) and aquatic (fresh water,
marine and estuarine), Energy flow, Productivity, Biogeochemical cycle (Carbon and Sulphur),
Homeostasis, Optimization and Evolution
Environmental problems- Biodiversity, Biopiracy, Eco-terrorism, Desertification and Sustainable
development
Environment pollution – Kinds, Sources, Effects on plants and ecosystem, Conventional and NonConventional energy sources.
Unit-IV Plant Ecology
Phytogeography – Plant community of the world (terrestrial and aquatic biomes), Phyto-geographical region
of world (vegetation belt), Bio-geographical zones (soil, climate, flora and vegetation) of India
Bioremediation and Environment clean up-Bioremediation, Need and Scope, Application, Future outlook and
Phyto-remediation.
Conservation - Introduction, Forest conservation (Resources and importance), National Parks and Biosphere
Reserve conservation.
Main Reference(s):
Sharma P D (2003) Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publications, Meerut. (7th Edition’s Reprint).
Agrawal K C (2001) Fundamentals of Environmental Biology, Nidhi Publishers (India), Bikaner. (1st
Edition).
Other Reference(s):
Subrahmanyam N S and Sambamurty A V S S (2000) Ecology, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. (1st
Edition).
Kormondy E J (2002) Concept of Ecology, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi (12th Indian Edition
Reprint).
Page 34 of 66
PBO-405
PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPIC COVERED IN CBO-405
(Credit: 2)
Plant Anatomy
 To study the vegetative/reproductive shoot apices of Hydrilla, Ceratophyllum, Grass.
 To study the root apices of Eichhornia, Lemna, Allium.
 To study the Plant Tissues from fresh material and permanent slides: Parenchyma, Aerenchyma,
Chlorenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Xylem, Phloem, Transfusion tissue.
 To study the Wood Anatomy from locally available wood specimens.
 To study the Anomalous Secondary Growth from Aristolochia stem, Mirabilis stem, Bougainvillea stem
and Chenopodium stem.
 To study the Structural variability in the Leaves of Helianthus, Aloe, Calotropis, Typha, Nymphaea and
Maize.
 To study the comparative examples of Systematic Plant Anatomy with special references to trichomes,
stomata, leaf anatomy, nodal anatomy, cellular contents, wood anatomy and flower anatomy.
Plant Ecology
 Ecological apparatus
o Soil thermometer, Sling psychrometer, Abney’s meter, Minimum and Maximum thermometer, Cupanemometer, Flame photometer
 Phytosociological study
o Determine the minimum size of quadrate.
o Determine the minimum number of quadrate.
o Determine the quantitative characters of plant community by random quadrate method (Density,
Abundance, Frequency and Basal cover).
o Preparation of frequency diagram of plant community.
o Evaluation of life form classes of local flora and preparation of Biological spectrum.
 Biomass and Productivity
o Estimation of above and below ground biomass in a grass land area.
 Soil analysis (Physical and Chemical characters)
o Determine the soil moisture content by oven drying method.
o Estimation of texture of soil by sieve method.
o Determine the water holding capacity of different type of soil.
o Electro conductivity of soil.
o Estimation the buffering action of soil (0.1N Ammonium acetate and 0.1N NaCl).
o Calculation of Phosphorus, Potassium and pH from the soil.
o Determine the Sodium, Potassium, Calcium and Phosphorus in plant ash material.
 Water analysis (Physical and Chemical characters)
o Determine the Calcium, Chloride, Total hardness and pH from water.
o Determine the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) from
water.
Page 35 of 66
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT202PR
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
2
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-405
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Practical
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 (6 to 15 )
50
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
M. Sc. Part-I :: Semester-II
Botany Practical Examination, April/May-201
PBO-405: Botany Practical
[BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-405]
[PLANT ANATOMY AND PLANT ECOLOGY]
Date:
/
/ 201
[In force from June 2011]
Time: 5 Hours]
Place:
[Maximum Marks: 50
Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.
1. Make the temporary stained preparation of shoot apex/ root apex from the given material A. Draw a
labeled diagram and show your preparation to the examiner.
6
2. Make the temporary stained preparation of secondary growth from given material B. Draw a labeled
diagram and show your preparation to the examiner.
06
3. Make a temporary stained preparation from given plant material C and show your slide to the examiner.
(Xylem/Phloem/Transfusion tissue/Trichomes/Stomata/Nodal anatomy).
04
4. Determine the minimum size of quadrate and then calculate the Density/Abundance/ Frequency (any five
plant species) from given area and show your observations and results to the examiner.
06
5. Estimation of Chloride/Calcium/Total hardness/COD from the given water sample D. OR Estimation of
Buffering action/Water holding capacity/Moisture content from given soil sample D. OR Calculation of
Phosphorus/Potassium/Electric conductivity from given soil sample D. Show your result to the examiner.
Page 36 of 66
06
6. Comment upon given spots E, F and G.
09
7
(a) Journal
03
(b) Submission
05
(c) viva-voce
05
X
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT203CC
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
2
Biophysics. Instrumentation and Biochemistry
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Core
Total credit :
04
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
30
70 (3 Hors )
100
CBO 406
BIOPHYSICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(Credit: 4)
Unit-I Biophysics
1. pH and Buffers.
2. Free radicals, charge transfer complex (CTC) and Redox potentials.
3. Laws of Thermodynamics.
4. Radiations and Isotopes and their role/application in plant science.
References:
(1) Biophysics by Vasantha Pattabhi and N. Gautham, Narosa Pub.
(2) Introduction to Biophysics byPranabkumar Banerjee, S.Chand.
Unit-II Instrumentation
1. Principles and application of light, phase contrast, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron
microscopy.
2. Photometry, colorimetry and spectrophotometry, their application.
3. Principles and application of gel-filtration, ion exchange and affinity chromatography. Paper
chromatography, thin layer and gas chromatography, HPLC.
4. Electrophoresis: PAGE, Agarose gel electro-phoresis and electro-focusing, Ultra-centrifugation:
Principles and types.
Reference:
Page 37 of 66
Research Methodology for biological sciences, N Gurumani, MJP Publishers, Chennai, 2007
Unit-III Biochemistry-I
1. Behaviour of biological compounds: Dissociation, Solubility, Isomerism, Adsorption and Chemical
bonds.
2. Carbohydrates: Occurrence, classification, structure and function of Monosaccharides (Triose,
Pentose and Hexose), Disaccharides (Maltose, Lactose and Sucrose) and Polysaccharides (Starch
and Cellulose).
3. Lipids: Occurrence, classification, structure and function of Simple lipids (Triglycerides and Waxes)
and Complex lipids (Phospholipids) and Role of Polyunsaturated fatty acids.
4. Amino acids: Structure, properties and classification of amino acids. Amino acid metabolism, nonoxidative de-amination. Biosynthesis and breakdown of amino acids.
Unit-IV Biochemistry-II
1. Proteins: Classification of proteins, Biological functions, Conformation of proteins (primary,
secondary, tertiary and quarternary), Ramachandran plot, Lectins (Glycoproteins) and their
importance.
2. Enzymes: Definition, nomenclature and classification of Enzymes, Apo-enzymes, coenzymes,
cofactors and prosthetic groups, properties of Enzymes, Mechanism of enzyme action, Kinetics of
an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, Various kinds of Inhibition, Factors affecting the enzyme action.
3. Vitamins: Occurrence, classification, structure and function of various vitamins and their deficiency
diseases.
4. Nucleic acids: Introduction, components, structure of DNA and various RNAs.
Main Reference(s):
Deb A C (2008) Fundamentals of Biochemistry, New Central Book (P) Ltd., Kolkata (9th Edition
Revised).
Jain J L, Jain Sanjaya and Jain Nitin (2005) Fundamentals of Biochemistry, S Chand & Co. Ltd., New
Delhi (6th Revised Edition).
References
Lehnigar A C (
), Biochemistry
Jain J.L., Fundamentals in Biochemistry,
Deb A C (2008), Fundamentals of Biochemistry (9th edition),
Satyanarayana U (1999), Biochemistry ( edition),
Rama Rao A V S S () Text Book of Biochemistry (5th edition),
Verma S K and Verma Mohit ( ), Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology (
PBO-406
PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPIC COVERED IN CBO-406
(Credit: 2)
Major practicals
1. Standard curve of Glucose (Reducing sugar) by Nelson-Somogyi/Di-Nitro Salicylic
Acid (DNSA) method.
2. Standard curve of Starch by Anthrone/Iodine reagent.
Page 38 of 66
),
3. Standard curve of Proteins by Biuret/Lowry’s method.
4. Standard curve of Animo acids by Ninhydrin method.
5. Extraction and estimation of reducing sugar by Nelson-Somogyi/Di-Nitro Salicylic
Acid (DNSA) method.
6. Extraction and estimation of Starch by Anthrone/Iodine reagent.
7. Estimation of protein by Micro-Kjeldahl’s/Biuret/Lowry’s method.
8. Extraction and estimation of amino acids by Ninhydrin method.
9. Determination of Amylase/Peroxidase activity.
Minor practicals
10. Separation and identification of Sugars/Amino acids/Plant pigments by Paper/Thin layer Chromatography.
11. Identification of different sugars (spot tests).
12. Estimation of free fatty acids by titration.
13. Extraction of seed proteins depending upon the solubility.
14. Determination of Isoelectric point of Casein.
General practicals
15. pH determination of plant tissues.
16. Preparation of Buffers and buffering action.
Spot-‘A’
17. Principle and working of:
1. Colorimeter/Spectrophotometer.
2. Chromatography technique.
3. Electrophoresis.
4. Centrifugation.
5. Microscopy
6. pH meter
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT203PR
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
2
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-406
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Practical
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
(Marks)
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 (6 to 15 )
50
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
M. Sc. Part-I :: Semester-II
Botany Practical Examination, April/May-201_
PBO-406: Botany Practical
[BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-406]
Page 39 of 66
[BIOPHYSICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND BIOCHEMISTRY]
Date:
/
/ 201_
[In force from June 2011]
Place:
Time: 5 Hours]
[Maximum Marks: 50
Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.
1.
Perform the major experiment assigned to you
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
Tabulate your observations and draw graph. Show the result and/or conclusion to the examiner.
2.
12
Perform the minor experiment assigned to you
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
Tabulate your observations and show the result and/or conclusion to the examiner. Draw the
conclusion.
3.
10
Perform the general experiment assigned to you
______________________________________________________________
Show the result and/or conclusion to the examiner.
08
4.
Comment upon the given spot ‘A’
07
5.
(a) Journal
03
(b) Submission
05
(c) viva-voce
05
X
Page 40 of 66
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT201CE
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
2
PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF HERBAL DRUGS
Elective
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 (2 Hors )
50
EBO-404
PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF HERBAL DRUGS
(Credit: 2)
Unit-I Phytochemistry

Carbohydrates: mono and disaccharides, sugar alcohols, sugar acids, sugar amines.

Polysaccharides: dextrins, inulin, matrix polysaccharides, gums and mucilages.

Proteins: peptides, lectins.

Lipids: volatile oils fatty acids and fatty oils, sesquiterpenes, di_, tri_ and tetraterpenes.

Glycosides: anthraquinones, isothiocynates, flavonols, lactones, phenols, saponins and cardiac
glycosides

Alkaloids, indoles, isoquinolines, tropanes, pyridine and piperidine, steroidal alkaloids.

Bitter principle, phenols and tannins, antibiotics, phyto-inorganic chemistry.
Unit-II Pharmacological study of herbal drugs

Need for phyto-pharmacological evaluation

Evaluation of anti diabetic agents

Evaluation of anti microbial agents

Evaluation of anti diarrheal agents
Page 41 of 66
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT202CE
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
2
PLANT TISSUE culture
Elective
Course type :
Total credit :
Teaching time
(hours)
02
Examination Marking scheme
Theory
Practical
Internal
External
Total
(hrs)
(hrs)
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 (2 Hours )
50
EBO-405
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
(Credit: 2)
Unit-I

Plant cell and tissue culture: Introduction, History, Scope, Concept of Cellular differenciation,
Totipotency and Applications.

Laboratory organization, Media Preparation and sterilization techniques.

Types of culture, Callus and its Types, micropropagation.

Somatic Hybridization, protoplast isolation, fusion and culture, Hybrid selection regeneration.
Unit-II

Clonal propagation, Artificial seed production and Biotechnological production of plant Secondary
metabolites.

Transgenic plants and Crop Protection: Pathogen and Herbicide Resistant plants, Oxidative stress and
Salt stress resistant plants

Molecular farming: Production of Antibodies, Vaccines, Polymers and Bioplastic.

Germplasm storage and Cryopreservation
Page 42 of 66
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT203CE
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
2
Marine Botany
Elective
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 (2 Hors )
50
EBO-406
MARINE BOTANY
(Credit: 2)
UNIT-I
Marine environment: History of oceanography, oceans of the world, continental drift, sea as a biological
environment, main divisions and zones of marine environment.
Physical factors: Temperature, light, pressure, sound velocity, sedimentation, dynamic factors, waves, tides,
currents, their effects on marine flora, fauna and microorganisms.
Chemistry of sea water: Chemical composition, chlorinity, salinity, pH, dissolved gases, minerals, nutrients and
organic matter.
Pollution: Major pollutants (sewage, agricultural discharges, industrial wastes, dredging, oils, radioactive
elements) and their effects on marine biota, bioremediation.
UNIT-II
Marine Phytoplankton: Types, distribution, biomass, productivity and factors affecting productivity.
Marine algae: Salient features-(morphology, structure, reproduction, classification) of marine Chlorophyta,
Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta, algae of Saurashtra.
Marine Angiosperms: Sea grasses, halophytes, mangroves, coastal flora of India.
Physiology of Marine Angiosperms: Seed germination, salt uptake and translocation, nitrogen metabolism and
photosynthesis.
Economic utility: Uses of marine algae, algal products and uses of mangroves.
UNIT-I
Marine environment: History of oceanography, oceans of the world, continental drift, sea as a biological
environment, main divisions and zones of marine environment.
Physical factors: Temperature, light, pressure, sound velocity, sedimentation, dynamic factors, waves, tides,
currents, their effects on marine flora, fauna and microorganisms
Page 43 of 66
Chemistry of sea water: Chemical composition, chlorinity, salinity, pH, dissolved gases, minerals, nutrients and
organic matter.
Pollution: Major pollutants (sewage, agricultural discharges, industrial wastes, dredging, oils, radioactive
elements) and their effects on marine biota, bioremediation.
UNIT-II
Marine Phytoplankton: Types, distribution, biomass, productivity and factors affecting productivity.
Marine algae: Salient features-(morphology, structure, reproduction, classification) of marine Chlorophyta,
Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta, algae of Saurashtra.
Marine Angiosperms: Sea grasses, halophytes, mangroves, coastal flora of India.
Physiology of Marine Angiosperms: Seed germination, salt uptake and translocation, nitrogen metabolism and
photosynthesis.
Economic utility: Uses of marine algae, algal products and uses of mangroves.
Page 44 of 66
Hemchandracharya
North Gujarat University
PATAN-384 265
NAAC ‘B’ (CGPA) Accredited (State University)
M.Sc. Part-II :: Semester-III :: Botany
Principle / Core papers
CBO-501:
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
CBO-502:
PLANT RESOURCE UTILIZATION, CONSERVATION AND BIOMETRY
Core interdisciplinary paper
CBO-503:
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Practical papers
PBO-501:
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-501
PBO-502:
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-502
PBO-503:
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-50
Elective disciplinary/interdisciplinary papers
(Choice based)
Student should select any one course from the followings
EBO-501:
BIOFERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY
EBO-502:
AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE
EBO-503:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC PRESENTATIONS
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT301CC
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
3
plant physiology
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
Core
(hrs)
Total credit :
04
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
30
70 (3 Hours )
100
CBO-501
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(Credit: 4)
Unit -I Growth and Development
Page 45 of 66
Latent Life-Dormancy: Introduction and types of Dormancy; Causes and overcoming of Seed
Dormancy; Bud Dormancy, factors affecting dormancy.
Seed Germination: Physiological aspects of Seed germination, Seedling emergence.
Senescence and Programmed Cell Death (PCD) :Basic Concepts , Mechanisms and Types Cell Death ,
PCD in life cycle of plants , metabolic Changes associated with senescence and its regulation ,
Influence of Hormones and Environmental Factors on Senescence.
Unit -II Physiology of Mineral Transport and Stress
Mechanism, regulation and transport of Macronutrients (K, P) and Micronutrients (Zn, Fe) in Plants
Physiological effects, mechanism and theories to explain:
Stress and stressful environments, Water and Salt stress, Light and Temperature stress, Biotic
stress.
Development of stress resistant plants: Oxidative stress, Salt stress, Senescence tolerance.
Unit -III Photo-physiology
Photochemistry and Photosynthesis: General Concepts, Historical background, Photosynthetic
Pigments systems and Light harvesting Complexes, Photo oxidation of water,
Photophosphorylation and mechanisms of electron transport, C3 Cycle, C4 Cycle, CAM Pathway .
Respiration: Definition and types of Respiration, Glycolysis, The TCA Cycle, Electron Transport and
ATP Synthesis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Gluconeogenesis, Glyoxylate Cycle.
Chemiosmotic regeneration of ATP during respiration, model of Fo-F1 ATPase and its role in
ATP synthesis.
Sensory Photobiology: History and discovery of Phytochromes and Cryptochromes and their
Photochemical and Biochemical Properties.
Unit -IV Plant hormones and flowering
Plant Growth Regulators and Elicitors : Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Auxins ,
Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene , Abscisic Acid, Brassinosteroide, Polyamines, Jasmonic Acid
and Salicylic Acid, Hormone Receptors, Signal Transduction and Gene Expression.
The Flowering Process: Photoperiodism and its significance, Floral Induction and Development-Genetic
and Molecular analysis; Role of Vernalization.
Main Reference(s):
Mukherji S and Ghosh A K (2005) Plant Physiology, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., Kolkata (1st
Central Edition).
Devlin Robert M and Witham Francis H (1986) Plant Physiology, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi
(4th Edition/ 1st Indian Edition).
References
Delvin R.M., Plant Physiology
Gill P S ( ), Plant Physiology (1st edition)
Mukherji S and Ghosh A K ( ), Plant Physiology (1st edition)
Ross Salisbury (
), Plant Physiology (4th edition)
Srivastava H S (2004), Plant Physiology (2nd edition)
Sundara Rajan S (
), Plant Physiology ( edition),
Sornathai Annie, Rajakumar K, Jayakumar M and Rajarathinam K ( ), Plant Physiology ( edition),
Verma S K and Verma Mohit ( ), Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology ( ),
Verma V ( ), A Text Book of Plant Physiology ( ), Emkay Publication, New Delhi.
Sundara Rajan S (2001), Practical Manual of Plant Ecology and Plant Physiology (1st edition),
Jain V.K., Fundamentals of Plant Physiology
Pandey S.N. and B.K. Sinha, Plant Physiology
Verma P.S. and P.K. Agarwal, Plant Physiology
PBO-501
Page 46 of 66
PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-501
(Credit: 2)
MAJOR EXPERIMENTS

Determination of IAA/IAA Oxidase activity.

Determination of Amylase and Peroxidase activity from control and stressed seeds.

Estimation of Sugar, Protein, Amino acid content from control and stressed seeds.

Separation of Plant pigments by using separating funnel.
MINOR EXPERIMENTS

Seed germination under different light, temperature and hormone treatments.

Extraction and estimation of plant pigments in young and old leaves.

Estimation of chlorophyll a and b from C3 and C4 plants

Separation of chlorophyll pigments from the leaves by chromatographic method.

Demonstration of seed survival under salinity.

Seed germination studies using different mineral ions.
GENERAL EXPERIMENTS

Seed viability, seed vigor study and seed leachate study.

Study Growth indices: RGR, NAR, LWR and LAL.

Effect of Seed soaking with different PGRs on seed germination and seedling growth.

Demonstration of Leaf senescence by ABA and Kinetin.
SPECIMENS ‘A’ and ‘B’

Promotion and inhibition of seed germination as affected by Red and Far-red irradiation.

Bioassay of hormones: Auxin, GA and Kinetin.

A model of dormancy and germination showing selective functions of hormones.

Avena Coleoptile section test

Avena Coleoptile curvature test

Effect of apical bud removal and auxin on lateral bud growth.

Translocation of floral hormone.

Corn leaf showing Kranz anatomy.
Page 47 of 66
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT301PR
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
3
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-501
Practical
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 (6 to 15 Hours)
50
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
M. Sc. Part-II :: Semester-III
Botany Practical Examination, Nov./Dec.-201_
PBO-501: Botany Practical
[BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-501]
[PLANT PHYSIOLOGY]
Date:
/
/ 201_
[In force from June 2011]
Place:
Time: 5 Hours]
[Maximum Marks: 50
Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.
1.
Perform the major experiment assigned to you. Tabulate your observations and show the result
and/or conclusion (along with graph) to the examiner.
2.
Perform the minor experiment assigned to you. Tabulate your observations and show the result
and/or conclusion to the examiner. Draw the conclusion.
3.
12
08
Perform the general experiment (pH/Buffer) assigned to you. Show the result and/or conclusion to th
examiner.
07
4.
Write principle and/or working the given spot ‘A’.
10
5.
(a) Journal
03
(b) Submission
05
(c) viva-voce
05
Page 48 of 66
X
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT302CC
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
3
Plant resource utilization, Conservation and Biometry
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Core
Total credit :
04
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
CBO 502
PLANT RESOURCE UTILIZATION, CONSERVATION AND BIOMETRY
(Credit: 4)
Unit-I Plant resources-I
Adulteration in plant products: Introduction, detection of adulteration in the flowering: oils-groundnut and
sunflower, species and condiments: pepper, carawax, cardemonas, saffron and clove. Cereals and pulsesBajara, Rice, Tur and Gram.
Origin, evolution, botany, cultivation and use of:
(i)
Food (Wheat, chicken pea, potato, groundnut),
(ii) Forage/fodder crops (bajara, guarbean).
Plant fibers: Textile fibers (cotton, jute, linen, sun hemp, cannabis); Cordage (coir); Fibers for stuffing (silk
cotton).
Unit-II Plant resources-II
Dyes (Turmeric, Indigo, Butea monosperma, Lowsonia alba).
Important fire-wood and timber-yielding plants: Acacia nilotica, Tectona grandis, Dalbergia sissoo, Terminalia
arjuna (Arjun sadar), Mangifera indica.
Rubber: Introduction, chemical composition of rubber, hevea rubber, plantation and production of rubber in the
world and India, processing. Uses of rubber and synthetic rubber.
Medicinal Plants: Atropa belladona, Catheranthus roseus, Adhatoda vasica, Allium sativum, Rauvolffia
serpentina, Papaver somniferum, Phyllanthus amaaratus, Aloe barbadense.
References
Kochhar S L ( ), Economic Botany in the Tropics (2nd edition),
Verma V ( ), A Text Book of Economic Botany ( edition),
Bendre and Kumar ( ), Economic Botany (4th edition),
Unit-III Conservation
Principles of conservation, Strategies for conservation in situ conservation: International efforts and Indian
initiatives; protected areas in India-sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves, mangroves and coral
reefs for conservation of wild biodiversity.
Strategies for conservation ex situ conservation: Principles and practices; botanical gardens, field gene banks,
seed banks, general account of the activities of Botanical Survey of India (BSI), National Bureau of Plant
Page 49 of 66
Genetic Resources (NBPGR), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Council of Scientific
Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) for conservation.
Unit-IV Biometry
Sampling: Sample characters, sampling techniques.
Probability distribution: Normal, Poison and Binomial.
Level of significance, Degree of freedom, Chi-square, Homogeneity Chi-square, Binomial expansion, Testing
hypotheses using binomial distribution, level of significance, Student’s t test, F test. Analysis of variance.
Correlation: Measures of relationship between continuous variables, Types of correlation, Calculation of
correlation, coefficient from ungrouped series and grouped series.
Regression, Calculation of regression coefficient.
Non parametric tests: Rank test, F-max test, Mann-Whitney (U) test, and Sign test.
Main Reference(s):
Banerjee P K (2004) Introduction to Biostatistics [A Textbook of Biometry], S Chand & Company Ltd.,
New Delhi (1st Edition).
Prasad S (2001) Elements of Biostatistics, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (1st Edition).
Chandel S R S (2006) A Hand Book of Agricultural Statistics, Achal Prakashan Mandir, Kanpur (1st
Edition).
PBO 502
PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPIC COVERED IN CBO-502
(Credit: 2)
Plant resource Utilization and Conservation
1. Perform the tests of Adulteration in plant products:
Oils: groundnut and sunflower,
Spices and condiments: pepper, carawax, cardemonas, saffron and clove,
Cereals and pulses: Bajara, Rice, Tur and Gram.
2. Scientific name, local name, family, useful organ, morphology and uses of :
(i)
Food crops (Wheat, chicken pea, potato, groundnut)
(ii)
Forage/fodder crops (bajara, guarbean)
(iii)
Plant fibers: (cotton, jute, linen, sun hemp, cannabis, coir, silk cotton).
(iv)
Medicinal Plants: Atropa belladona, Catheranthus roseus, Adhatoda vasica, Allium sativum,
Rauvolffia serpentina, Papaver somniferum, Phyllanthus amaaratus and Aloe barbadense.
(v)
Dyes: (Turmeric, Indigo, Butea monosperma, Lowsonia alba)
Page 50 of 66
(vi)
Important fire-wood and timber-yielding plants: Acacia nilotica, Tectona grandis, Dalbergia
sissoo, Terminalia arjuna (Arjun sadar), Mangifera indica.
3. Rubber: Introduction, chemical composition, plantation, production, processing and Uses of rubber.
4. A visit to protected areas of India – sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves, mangroves and
coral reefs for conservation of wild biodiversity, BSI, NBPGR, ICAR, CSIR, DBT and prepare the
general account.
Biometry
1. Various examples of Sampling.
2. Various examples of Probability.
3. Chi-square analysis and 2 x 2 contigency.
4. Various examples on coefficient of correlation and regression.
5. Analysis of variance.
Page 51 of 66
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
M. Sc. Part-II :: Semester-III
Botany Practical Examination, Nov./Dec.-201_
PBO-502: Botany Practical
[BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-502]
[PLANT RESOURCES UTILIZATION, CONSERVATION AND BIOMETRY]
Date:
/
/ 201_
[In force from June 2011]
Place:
Time: 5 Hours]
[Maximum Marks: 50
Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.
1.
Scientific name, local name, family, useful organ, morphology and uses of
natural resources ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’.
____________________________________________________________
2.
12
Mention any tests of Adulteration in plant products / conservation method or activities of National
Institute.
______________________________________________________________
Show your preparations/results to the examiner.
3.
5.
07
Solve the statistical problems (based on theory syllabus):
3.1. from ANOVA
08
3.2. from sampling probability, chi-square analysis_
05
3.3.from regression or correlation
05
(a) Journal
03
(b) Submission
05
(c) viva-voce
05
X
Page 52 of 66
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT303CC
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
3
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Core
Total credit :
04
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
30
70 (3 Hours )
100
CBO-503
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(Credit: 4)
Unit-I Molecular biology-I
1. Molecular organization of Eukaryotic DNA: Double helical form of DNA and RNA, Alternate forms of
DNA-B, C & Z.
2. Replication of DNA and enzymes involved in replication.
3. Transcription: RNA polymerases, regulation of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
4. Genetic code: Deciphering genetic code, properties of genetic code, initiation and termination
codons, mutation and genetic code, wobble hypothesis, new genetic codes, second genetic code,
overlapping and split genes.
Unit-II Molecular biology-II
1. Translation: Process of protein synthesis.
2. Gene structure and expression: Gene vs allele, a new concept of Allelomorphism, fine structure of
gene, cistron, recon and muton, regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
3. Genetic control of cell division: Regulation of the mitotic cell cycle in eukaryotes, cancerous cells,
tumor inducing viruses (viral oncogenes), protooncogenes and cellular oncogenes, cancer as the
end product of the multistep process.
4. Brief account of human genome project.
Main Reference(s):
Verma P S and Agarwal (2006) Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology. S
Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (1st Multicolour Edition-Reprint).
Unit-III Biotechnology-I
Recombinant DNA technology:
b. Gene cloning principles an technique
c. Construction of Genomic/c DNA Libraries
d. Choice of vectors
e. DNA synthesis and sequencing
f. Restriction enzymes
g. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
h. DNA finger printing
Unit-IV Biotechnology-II
Page 53 of 66
1. Transgenic plants for crop improvement in Wheat, Rice and resistance to herbicides,
insecticides, virus and other diseases and hybridoma technology.
2. Transformation of chloroplast (Cp) genome in higher plants (using Agrobacterium and partical
gun).
3. Embryo culture, bud culture and pollen culture, Clonal propagation, artificial seeds, germ plasm
storage and cryo preservation,
4. Production of hybrids and somatoclones, production of secondary metabolites and natural
products, applications.
Main Reference(s):
Chawla H S (2002) Introduction to Plant Biotechnology, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi (2nd Edition).
PBO 503
PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPIC COVERED IN CBO-503
(Credit: 2)
Molecular biology Practicals
1. Models / Charts of DNA and RNA and its types.
2. Chart of Replication of DNA.
3. Charts of Transcription and Translation, RNA polymerases, regulation of transcription in prokaryotes
and eukaryotes.
4. Models / Charts of Genetic code.
5. Charts of mutation wobble hypothesis, new genetic codes, overlapping and split genes.
6. Standard curve of DNA.
7. Isolation of plant DNA and its quantitation by spectrophotometric method.
8. Standard curve of RNA.
9. Isolation of plant RNA and its quantitation by spectrophotometric method.
10. Method of induction of polyploidy in onion root tip.
11. Study of various stages of cell divisions (Mitosis/Meiosis) in Plant cell
Biotechnology Practicals
1. Models / Charts of DNA sequencing method, PCR, DNA finger printing, terminator technology,
hybridoma technology, etc and topics covered in theory syllabus.
2. Plant tissue culture: Embryo culture, bud culture and pollen culture
Page 54 of 66
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT303PR
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
3
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-503
Practical
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 ( 6 to 15 Hours )
50
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
M. Sc. Part-II :: Semester-III
Botany Practical Examination, Nov./Dec.-201_
PBO-503: Botany Practical
[BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-503]
[MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY]
Date:
/
/ 201_
[In force from June 2011]
Place:
Time: 5 Hours]
[Maximum Marks: 50
Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.
1.
2.
Preparation of standard curve/ estimation of DNA / RNA. Tabulate your observations and draw
graph.
Show
the
result
and/or
conclusion
to
the
examiner.____________________________________________________
Perform the experiment on Polyploidy / Various stages of cell division (Mitosis/Meiosis)
_________________________________________________
Show your preparations to the examiner.
3.
12
06
Perform
the
experiment
on
Plant
culture.________________________________________________________
tissue
Write media required and precautions.
07
4.
a. Comment upon the given spot ‘A’ (from Molecular Biology)
b. Comment upon the given spot ‘B’ (from Biotechnology)
06
06
5.
(a) Journal
03
(b) Submission
05
Page 55 of 66
(c) viva-voce
05
X
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT301CE
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
3
Biofertilizer Technology
Elective
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
(Marks)
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 ( 2 Hours )
50
EBO-501
Biofertilizer Technology
(Credit: 2)
Unit-I
1. Biofertilizers: Definition and types, importance of biofertlizers in agriculture
2. Characteristics of biofertilizers: Rhizobium, Azotobactor, Azospirillum, Phosphate solubilizing
microorganisms, cyanobacteria, Azolla, Mycorrhizae
3. Symbiosis: Physiology, biochemistry and molecular genetics of symbiosis
4. Enzymes and their regulation: Nitrogenase, hydrogenase
Unit-II
1. Production technology: Strain selection, sterilization, growth and fermentation, mass production of various
biofertilizers
2. Application technology: Standards and quality control, application for field and tree crops, nursery plants
and seedlings
3. Extension, promotion and marketing: Extension strategies, diagnosis for the effectiveness of inoculation,
improvement in distribution system
Page 56 of 66
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT302CE
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
3
Air Pollution and Climate Change
Elective
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 (2 Hours )
50
EBO-502
Air Pollution and Climate Change
(Credit: 2)
Unit-I
1. Atmospheric composition and climate; Gaseous and particulate pollutants, emission trends and scenarios;
climate change, drivers of climate change, greenhouse gas emission scenarios.
2. Sulphur derivatives: Sources and cycling of sulphur, effects on plants, human health and ecosystems,
mechanism of toxicity, resistance and buffering, sulphur metabolism, threshold and injury
3. Nitrogen derivatives: Formation and sources; deposition, uptake, metabolism, critical load; effects on plants,
human health and ecosystems
4. Fluoride derivatives: Sources and cycling, bioaccumulation, threshold and injury; effects on plants, human
health and ecosystems
Unit-II
1. Oxidants: Formation and sources, photochemical smog; effects on plants and human health, mechanism of
toxicity, resistance, critical load
2. Stratospheric ozone depletion: Phenomenon, causes, irradiation scenarios; effects of enhanced UV-B on
plants, microbes and human health, biological action spectra
3. Greenhouse effects: Process; consequences, global warming, sea level rise, albedo, oceanic influences
agriculture, natural vegetation; effects of increased CO2 on plants; human implications
4. Acid rain: Formation, dispersion and deposition, trends; consequences on soil fertility, rivers and lakes; effects
on plants, leaf injury, buffering, reproduction; forest decline.
Page 57 of 66
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT303CE
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
3
Research Methodology and Scientific Presentations
Elective
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
(Marks)
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 (2 Hours )
50
EBO 503
Research Methodology and Scientific Presentations
(Credit: 2)
Unit-I Research Methodology and Scientific Presentation-I
1. Science and Research: Definition of Science and Research, Basic and applied Research, Essential steps
in Research.
2. Characteristic and type of scientific research: Characteristics of the Scientific Method, Research
Procedures (only 8 steps). Sectors of Research: Academic and Private.
3. Research and Experimental design:
Introduction, Pre-Experimental Design, The One-Shot Case Study, One Group Pretest Posttest Study,
The Static Group Comparison Study, Quasi-Experimental Design, Pretest Posttest Nonequivalent Group,
Time Series Designs, Nonequivalent Before-After Design, True Experimental Design, Posttest Equivalent
Groups Study, Pretest Posttest Equivalent Groups Study.
Unit-II Research Methodology and Scientific Presentation-II
1. Method of Data collection and Data analysis
2. Scientific Writing: Research proposal, Research Paper, Review paper, Thesis, Conference report, Book
review and Project report; Reference writing, scientific abbreviations, Findings.
3. Preparation and delivery of scientific presentations
Page 58 of 66
Hemchandracharya
North Gujarat University
PATAN-384 265
NAAC ‘B’ (CGPA) Accredited (State University)
M.Sc. Part-II :: Semester-IV :: Botany
Principle / Core papers
CBO-504:
PLANT BREEDING AND HORTICULTURE
CBO-505:
MYCORRHIZAE, MUSHROOMS, ETHNOBOTANY AND
PLANT GEOGRAPHY
Project work/Field work
Practical papers
PBO-504:
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-504
PBO-505:
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-505
Soft-skill paper
(Choice-based)
Student should select any one course from the followings
SOFT SKILL COURSES – DETAIL AS PER UNIVERSITY GUIDLINE
[SYLLABUS SHALL BE PREPARED/DECIDED BY THE UNIVERSITY]
(STUDENT SHALL OFFER ONE COURSE IN LIEU OF ELECTIVE PAPER FROM THE FOLLOWINGS)
SBO-101:
SBO-102:
SBO-103:
ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
OR
In lieu of above mentioned theory and practical courses there will be Major dissertation in semester-IV and
Soft-skill paper
DETAIL AS PER UNIVERSITY GUIDLINE [SYLLABUS SHALL BE PREPARED/DECIDED BY THE UNIVERSITY]
(THE STUDENT SHALL OFFER ONE COURSE IN LIEU OF ELECTIVE PAPER FROM THE FOLLOWINGS)
SBO-101:
ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION
SBO-102:
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
SBO-103:
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Page 59 of 66
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT401CC
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
4
PLANT BREEDING AND HORTICULTURE
Core
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Total credit :
04
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
30
70 ( 3 Hours )
100
CBO-504
PLANT BREEDING AND HORTICULTURE
(Credit: 4)
Unit-I. Plant Breeding-I
Plant breeding – objectives, origin, domestication
Hybrid vigour Principles and methods of Plant Breeding
Self pollinated crops
Cross pollinated crops
Clonal crops Plant Introductions – NBPGR
Unit-II. Plant Breeding-II
Biosafety and Bioethics IPR, Patents, concept, benefits
GATT, TRIPS Biosafety and bioethics: objectives, risk assessment, containment
Genetically modified plants
Seed certification
Release of varieties
Plant Breeder’s Right
References
Chopra V L ( 2000), Plant Breeding
edition), Oxford & IBH Publishing P Ltd New Delhi.
Chaudhari H K (1997), Elementary Principles of Plant Breeding (2nd edition), Oxford & IBH Publishing P Ltd
New Delhi.
Sadhu M K (1996), Plant Propagation , New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.
Gupta P K (2004), Plant Breeding, Plant Propagation and Bio technology, Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
Singh B D (2005) Plant Breeding, Principles and Methods, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana
Gupta S K (2005), Practical Plant Breeding, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur
Vijendra Das L D (1998), Plant Breeding, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.
(2nd
Page 60 of 66
Agrawal Ratan Lal (2002), Fundamentals of Plant Breeding & Hybrid Seed Production, Oxford & IBH
Publishing P Ltd New Delhi.
Shukla R S and Chandel P S (2004), Cytogenetics, Evolution and Plant Breeding, S Chand & Co Ltd, New
Delhi
Unit-III. Horticulture-I
Horticulture Propagation by seeds and vegetative structures, harvesting, storage and viability Germination,
dormancy (seed and bud), Pretreatments Techniques
Anatomical and Physiological aspects of rooting of cuttings, Grafting, Budding, Layering Important
horticultural crops of India with emphasis on Gujarat fruit/ flowers, cultivation, harvest and post – harvest
handling
Unit-IV. Horticulture-II
Gardening and Landscape Cultivation under cover
Greenhouse: advantages, construction, types, maintenance
Organic farming, mulching, composting
IPM, advantages
Landscaping-principles, types, planning
Xeriscaping Garden-features/elements, styles
Indoor gardening
Gardens of India
PBO-504
PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPIC COVERED IN CBO-504
(Credit: 2)
Plant Breeding - Practicals
1. Plant breeding – Methods of Plant Breeding in Self pollinated crops and Cross pollinated crops
2. An account of Clonal crops
3. Some examples of genetically modified plant crop species ( locally available crops).
Horticulture - Practicals
1. To detect the Seed viability.
2. Plant Propagation by seeds and vegetative structures (tuber, rhizome, bulb, corm)
3. To study the Seed Germination in some selected plant species (Dicot & Monocot).
4. Perform the Horticultural techniques: Stem cutting, Grafting, Budding, Layering, Potting & Repotting.
5.
Landscaping - principles, types and planning.
6. Greenhouse - construction and maintenance techniques.
7. To prepare - Organic farming, mulching and composting.
8. Indoor gardening - techniques and practices.
Page 61 of 66
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT401PR
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
4
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-504
Practical
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 ( 6 to 15 Hours)
50
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
M. Sc. Part-II :: Semester-IV
Botany Practical Examination, April/May-201_
PBO-504: Botany Practical
[BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-504]
[PLANT BREEDING AND HORTICULTURE]
Date:
/
/ 201_
[In force from June 2011]
Place:
Time: 5 Hours]
[Maximum Marks: 50
Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.
1.
Perform the plant breeding technique assigned to you.
____________________________________________________________
2.
08
Write principle, construction, types and maintenance of Green house / landscaping / indoor
gardening.
______________________________________________________________
Show your preparations/results to the examiner.
3.
06
Describe the horticultural technique:
a. __________________________________________________________
Page 62 of 66
08
4.
5.
b. ____________________________________________________________
05
a. Comment upon the spot (based on plant breeding)___________________
05
b. Comment upon the spot (based on horticulture)___________________
05
(a) Journal
03
(b) Submission
05
(c) viva-voce
05
X
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT402CC
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
4
MYCORRHIZAE, MUSHROOMS, ETHNOBOTANY AND PLANT GEOGRAPHY
Core
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Total credit :
04
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
(Marks)
30
70 ( 3 Hours )
100
CBO-505
MYCORRHIZAE, MUSHROOMS, ETHNOBOTANY AND PLANT GEOGRAPHY
(Credit: 4)
Unit-I Mycorrhizae
1. Introduction to Ectomycorrhizae, AM Fungi and orchid mycorrhizae
2. Glomeromycota - Recent trends in mycorrhizal taxonomy
3. Isolation and multiplication of mycorrhizae, role in crop productivity and forestry.
4. Phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF)
Unit-II Mushrooms
1. Types of Mushrooms:
Oyster, white button, paddy straw, Morels, Truffles and poisonous mushrooms.
2. Method of cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, scope and commercial cultivation and biological significance.
3. Medicinal and nutritional value of Edible and Poisonous mushrooms.
4. Effect of environmental, nutrient and chemical factors on mushroom formation
Page 63 of 66
Unit-III Ethnobotany
1. Ethnobotany and its sub disciplines, Major tribes in India, Comparison of Ethnobotany and Economic
botany
2. Medico-ethnobotanical surveys and their role in Ayurveda. Following medico-ethno-botanically important
plants are to be studies: Adhatoda, Rauwolifa, Azadirachta, Madhuca, Turmeric, Pipal, Tulsi, Amla,
Baheda, Harde, Arjun sadad, Diospyros
3. Ethnobotany and its role in domestication and conservation of native plant genetic resources.
4. Ethnobotany in context of National priorities and Health care programme.
Unit-IV Plant geography
1. Importance of phytogeography
2. Continental drift
3. Climate and vegetation, discontinuity and endemism
4. Vegetation types of India, Forest types of Gujarat
5. Land flora of Gujarat
PBO-505
PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPIC COVERED IN CBO-505
(Credit: 2)
Mycorrhizae
1. Isolation and identification of mycorrhizae from local crop / forest / wild plant species.
Mushrooms
1. Method of cultivation of Agaricus bisporus (edible mushroom), commercial cultivation and its biological
significance.
Ethnobotany
1. Medico-ethnobotanical surveys at different places of India.
2. Following medico-ethnobotanical important plant species are considered with references to scientific
name, local name, family, useful parts, ethnobotany, existing availability and regeneration status of the
particular area: Adhatoda, Rauwolifa, Azadirachta, Madhuca, Turmeric, Pipal, Tulsi, Amla, Baheda,
Harde, Arjun sadad, Diospyros
Plant geography
1. Climatic zones of India.
2. Vegetation types of India.
3. Forest types of Gujarat.
4. Endemic species of Gujarat.
\
Page 64 of 66
HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Programme code :
MBOT402PR
Course Code
Programme Name :
M.Sc Botany
Semester :
4
LAB: PRACTICAL BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-505
Practical
Course type :
Teaching time
(hours)
Theory
Practical
(hrs)
(hrs)
Total credit :
02
Examination Marking scheme
Internal
External
Total
(Marks)
(Marks)
50 ( 6 to 15 Hours )
50
(Marks)
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
M. Sc. Part-II :: Semester-IV
Botany Practical Examination, April/May-201_
PBO-505: Botany Practical
[BASED ON TOPICS COVERED IN CBO-505]
[MYCORRHIZAE, MUSHROOMS, ETHNOBOTANY AND PLANT GEOGRAPHY]
Date:
/
/ 201_
[In force from June 2011]
Place:
Time: 5 Hours]
[Maximum Marks: 50
Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Perform the experiment based on mycorrhizae assigned to you.
____________________________________________________________
08
Write principle, cultivation, etc. of mushroom. Show your preparation to the examiner.
______________________________________________________________
08
Describe the Ethnobotanical uses:
a. __________________________________________________________
08
b. ____________________________________________________________
08
Mention/ indicate the area(s) on map of India/Gujarat and describe it (based on theory syllabus of
plant geography). ______________________________________________________________
05
(a) Journal
03
Page 65 of 66
(b) Submission
05
(c) viva-voce
05
X
yk Lkku ¼ÿk: ¢íkðku ÞLíkw rðïík: I - ÉøðuË 1-89-1
Ëhuf rËþkyuÚke y{Lku þw¼ yLku MkwtËh rð[khku
«kó Úkkyku I
Let noble thoughts come to us from all directions.
Page 66 of 66