Plant notes outline
I.
Characteristics
A.
Multicellular eukaryote
B. Cell wall = cellulose
C. Autotrophic
II. Types
A. Nonvascular
B. Vascular
1. xylem
2. phloem
C. transpiration
III. Plant organs chart
IV. Angiosperms vs.
Gymnosperms
V. Monocots vs.
Dicots
Plant Notes:
Plants:
 Multicellular eukaryotes
 Cell walls of cellulose
 Autotrophic – use photosynthesis to make food
Carbon dioxide + water + light
Oxygen + glucose
Types of Plants:
 Non-Vascular: no
system for transporting
water or sugar
Must be low to the ground
and only a few cells thick
Examples include moss,
liverworts
Types of Plants:
 Vascular: contain a system of tubes for transporting
water & sugar (like a circulatory system)
Xylem: carries water from roots to stem and leaves
Phloem: carries sugar (food) from leaves to rest of plant
Examples: house plants, trees, ferns, flowers
Plant organ chart
Plant organ
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Flowers
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Monocot
Dicot
Functions (jobs)
Types/ labels
Plant Organs:
 Roots:
Functions:
Anchors plant
Absorb minerals and
water from the soil
Store food (in some
cases)
Types of Roots: (draw
pictures)
Fibrous (grass)
Taproot (carrot, beet)
stores food
Plant Organs:
 Stems:
Functions:
 Support leaves/ flowers
 Transport water up (xylem)
 Transport sugar throughout
(phloem)
Types of stems:
 Woody: hard and rigid,
increase in size every year
 Herbaceous: live only one
growing season (green)
Plant Organs:
 Leaves:
Function:
Trap light for
photosynthesis
thin so light can
pass through
Structures of a Leaf:
Cuticle: waxy layer on top of leaf
• prevents water loss due to evaporation
• made of lipids
Epidermis:
outermost layer
of cells
epidermis
Cuticle
Leaf Structure:
epidermis
Cuticle
Stomata: openings that
allow gas exchange
(carbon dioxide in and
oxygen out)
Guard cells: open and
close stomata
Mesophyll:
photosynthetic cells (with
chlorophyll)
Vascular bundle
Stomata
Guard cells
mesophyll
Vascular bundle: made
of xylem and phloem
Transpiration: evaporation of water
through the stomata, driven by sun
When water enters
the guard cells, the
pressure causes them
to open the stoma
As water leaves the
guard cells, the pressure
is released and the cells
close the stoma.
Plant Organs:
 Flowers:
Function: (reproductive structures)
 to attract insects for pollination
 Pollen fertilizes the egg which makes seed (protects embryo
and food supply)
Structures:
 Sepals: usually green,
encircle flower
 Petals: leaf-like,
colorful
Plant Structures:
 Flower Structure:
Stamen: male reproductive
parts
 Anther: holds pollen
 Filament: holds anther in air
Pistil (carpel): female
reproductive parts
 Stigma: sticky surface where
pollen lands
 Style: tube leading from stigma to
ovary
 Ovary: place where egg is
produced
Guess what?
When you eat a fruit,
you’re eating a ripened
ovary that was once a
flower
When you eat a vegetable,
you’re eating other parts of
the plant (roots, stems, leaves)
So technically…
Not only are peaches,
bananas, and oranges fruits
But tomatoes, cucumbers,
squash, and peppers are
fruits too!
Gymnosperms
Seeds in cones
Needle like leaves
(evergreen)
Angiosperms
Seeds in flowers
2 kinds: monocots
and dicots
Monocots vs. Dicots:
 Monocots:
1 seed leaf
long leaves with parallel
veins
petals in multiples of 3
Fibrous roots ex. grass, corn
 Dicots:
2 seed leaves
broad leaves with branched
veins
4 or 5 petals
Taproot
ex. tree
Are these monocots or dicots?