Biology 1 Applied
Name: ______________________________
Chapter 3 Study Guide
Date: _______________________________
118 Points
Block/Day: __________________________
(1 Point Each unless noted)
Using your textbook, complete the following sentences.
Be sure to give
complete answers to receive credit.
Most cells are too small to see with the __________ eye. Microscopic
observations of ______________ led to the discovery of the basic characteristics
common to all living things.
In 1665, Robert Hooke used a crude _____________ to look at a thin slice of cork.
He saw many “little boxes” in the _______. He called them ________. Hooke later
discovered cells in stems and roots of _______________.
Ten years later Anton von Leeuwenhoek used a more powerful microscope and
discovered many __________ creatures in pond water. Today we know they were
single-celled __________________________.
List the three parts of the cell theory: (3 points)
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Cell size is limited by a cell’s ____________ ______ ___ ______________ ratio.
Larger cells often have shapes that increase the ___________ _____ available for
exchange. Cells may grow large in ______ or ______ dimensions, but remain
small in others.
All cells share ________ structures and features. The _______ __________ is the
cells outer boundary. It acts as a __________ between the outside environment
and the inside of the cell. The ______, the fluid inside the cell, is full of dissolved
particles. The ___________ includes this fluid and almost all of the structures that
are suspended in the fluid. Many __________ are found in the cytoplasm. A
ribosome is a cellular structure on which ________ are made. All cells have ____,
the genetic material. DNA provides ____________ for making proteins, regulates
cellular activity and enables cells to ________________.
A ____________ is an organism that is a single cell. A prokaryotic is quite simple
in its organization. The genetic material is a ________ _____ of DNA, which
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looks like a tangled string and usually lies near the center of the cell. __________
and _______________ share the cytoplasm with the DNA.
Prokaryotic cells have a ______ ______ that surrounds the cell membrane and
provides structure and support. Some prokaryotic cell walls are surrounded by a
___________, a structure that enables prokaryotes to cling to surfaces.
A _____________ is an organism that is made of one or more eukaryotic cells. All
____________ organisms are made up of eukaryotic cells. The cell’s DNA is
housed in an internal compartment called the ________________.
In addition to having a membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a nucleus, all
eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound ______________. An organelle is a
structure that carries out _______________ _____________ inside the cell.
The ____________________ is a web of protein fibers.
List the three things the cytoskeleton does for the cell: (3 points)
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List and describe the three types of cytoskeleton fibers: (6 points)
Almost all cellular activity depends on the _____________ that the cell makes.
Instructions for making proteins are stored in the _____. DNA instructions are
copied as _____ ___________, which leave the nucleus. In the cytoplasm,
ribosomes use the RNA messages to assemble ______________.
The nucleus is surrounded by a double-membrane called the ________ _______.
The nuclear envelope has many _________ _______. Nuclear ports are small
channels that allow certain ______________ to move into and out of the nucleus.
Within the nucleus is a prominent structure call the _____________. The
nucleolus is a region where _______________ parts are made.
Each ribosome is made of ______ and many _________. Some ribosomes in a
eukaryotic cell are suspended in the ___________. These “free” ribosomes make
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proteins that remain ___________ the cell. Other ribosomes are attached to the
membrane of another ______________. These bound ribosomes make proteins
that are ______________ from the cell.
The proteins that are sent outside the cell must be kept __________ from the rest
of the cytoplasm. To achieve this separation, the cell packages the proteins in
______________. A vesicle is a small, often spherical-shaped sac that is formed
by a _______________.
In a eukaryotic cell, two structures are mainly responsible for modifying,
packaging, and transporting proteins for use outside the cell, the ______________
__________________ (ER) and the ____________ ______________.
The _______________ ________ is the system of internal membranes that move
proteins and other substance through the cell. ____________ are attached to
some parts of the surface of the ER. This ________ ER has a bumpy appearance
when viewed. The rest of the ER, called the ___________ ER has no attached
ribosomes.
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The _____________ _____________ is a set of flattened membrane-bound sacs.
Cell products enter one side of the Golgi apparatus, which __________, _______
and ____________ them for distribution.
Vesicles help maintain homeostasis by storing and releasing various substances
as the cells ___________ them.
A lysosome is a vesicle that contains specific enzymes that _______ _________
larger molecules.
Many plant cells contain a large, membrane bound compartment called the
______________ _________. This large vacuole stores ________, ions nutrients
and wastes. When water fills the central vacuole, it makes the cell ________,
allowing the plant to stand upright.
Some protists have _____________ _____________, which pump excess water
out of the cell.
Cells need a constant source of __________. The energy for cellular functions is
produced by chemical reactions that occur in the ____________ and ___________.
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A chloroplast is an organelle that uses _______
___________ to make sugar
from carbon dioxide and water. Plant cells have ____________ chloroplasts.
A _______________ is an organelle that uses energy from organic compounds to
make ATP. Most of a cells _____________ is made inside the mitochondria.
Prokaryotes are always _________________ and limited in size. Eukaryotes are
often larger and can be unicellular or _______________. Prokaryotic cells lack a
________________ and membrane-bound organelles.
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Prokaryotes can vary in __________, the ways that they obtain and use ________,
the makeup of their cell walls and their ability to _________. Many prokaryotes
have __________ – long threadlike structures that rotate to quickly move an
organism.
Label the following cells:
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List the four levels of organization: (4 points)
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Cells that live as a connected group but do not depend on each other are called
___________________ ___________________.
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