Database Design
CmpE 226
Practice Problems
Practice Problem (08)
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1. Design a database with at least 10-12 of tables or ((constraint tables. The
constraint tables should use the full power of linear constraints. (For example,
the equality constraint x =1 does not use the full power of linear constraints. So
don ’t use only equality constraints in your database.)) The tables should contain a
reasonable number of tuples or (constraint tuples), not too few and not too many.
2. Prepare traditional class diagram for the following problems showing at least 10
relationships among the following object classes, including associations,
aggregations, and generalizations. Show multiplicities in your diagrams.
Your model should have 3-5 attributes and 3-5 operations per class. Use association
and role names when needed. As you prepare the diagrams, you may add additional
object classes.
3. If you use MLPQ, find at least 4 iconic queries or sequence of iconic queries.
Explain what they mean and write them down in the style of the examples in the
MLPQ system manual. (Iconic queries are shown in Figure 1 MLPQ Graphical
Interface in the MLPQ Specifications, such as Intersection, Union, Difference,
Max, Min, etc.)
4. Find at least 4 SQL queries of each of the following kind: Basic, Aggregation, Sets,
and Nested. (That is, a total of 16 queries.)
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GPS based Emergency Services System
Addgroup
Abstract:
For every country, emergency (EMR) medical system is very critical in saving human
life. When an emergency erupts, an extra second or two can mean the difference between
a life saved and a life lost. Adding GPS tracking to emergency systems would be a
valuable support. GPS is a global positioning system based on satellite technology. All
EMR centers are equipped with centralized GPS emergency system. When emergency
calls are made, the call reaches the nearest EMR center based on the area the call is
coming from. The emergency call is immediately updated in the centralized system.
The basic purpose of our GPS based emergency system is to get people rescued as fast as
possible. The system can show the entire area on a digital map allowing emergency calls
to be pinpointed instantly. Emergency vehicles are displayed as icons so the nearest
available unit can be determined.
Domain Description
Domain Description:
The GPS based emergency services system includes a GPS receiving unit that
is provided on the emergency vehicle. This unit receives GPS signals from GPS
satellites and determines location information of the emergency vehicle. The
system also includes a radio-wave transmitter unit that is provided on the
emergency vehicle. This unit transmits the emergency vehicle location
information by way of an emergency vehicle location signal to a radio-wave
receiver unit that is provided in the EMR center. The registered patients are given
handsets with GPS-enabled chipsets and transmitters. These handsets are
location-aware portable wireless networked devices. When an emergency
occurs, he presses the button on the handset. EMR center will receive the signal
through the receiver. The system pinpoints the location of both the registered
patient and the nearest emergency vehicle on a computer map. The database
will be updated every one minute with the current location of emergency vehicles
Major services provided by this system are listed as follows:
Tracking of nearest emergency vehicles:
All EMR vehicles are tracked by GPS system so as to attend any patients in a short
period. The centralized system identifies the nearest vehicle for this patient,directs it to
patient and then to the hospital.
Finding Available Medical service:
This system maintains the list of emergency hospitals, physicians, staffs and emergency
rooms. This system will help the patient by finding the nearest hospital with available
doctors, staffs and emergency rooms.
GPS for critical patients:
Some patients have more probability to get admitted. For instance, aged people, heart
patients etc. They could register their names in GPS system and get the immediate
response in case of emergency. They need to only press the button for calling this
emergency system. This system even maintains the list of persons to contact so that the
information could be passed to them. Then the same procedure would be followed to get
nearest emergency vehicle as well as medical service.
Medical Inventory Database:
This system will direct the emergency vehicles to reach the nearest inventory and to get
needed medicines and first aid equipments like first aid kit, oxygen cylinder .Any m
emergency medical center make use of this system.
Area based services:
The whole country is divided into many areas each with a unique area code.
This system keeps track of all areas and their recorded requests to GPS based
emergency system. Number of vehicles will be increased for the region with high rate
of requests. Demographic information could be collected for each area and number of
vehicles for each location could be decided based on its population.
Disaster Management:
The historic data for each area could be collected .For example, some east coastal have
hurricane during particular season in every year. It maintains the link to access the
corresponding system responsible for each disaster type. More services could be prepared
for those areas in that period. Some seasonal diseases also monitored in each year and
number of services could be increased accordingly.
Detailed requirements that include use cases
Usecase:
Usecase 1: If a registered patient suddenly gets a heart attack.
Steps:
1. A registered patient presses the button of the GPS enabled hand set given to
him.
2. The EMR center receives the location of the patient in the form of signal.
3. The EMR center tracks the available emergency vehicle nearer to the patient
and directs it to the patient.
4. It also finds the nearest hospital that has the necessary resources to attend the
patient.
5. It then directs the emergency vehicle carrying the patient to the hospital.
6. It then informs about the patient to their contacts.
In this way, the critical patient is saved from heart attack in very short time.
Usecase 2: If Hurricane occurs in Florida.
Steps:
1. EMR center gets the call about the Hurricane.
2. It finds the Disaster response Team in that affected area.
3. It passes the information about the disaster to the Disaster Response
Team and directs it to that area..
4. Enter the details of the hurricane in database for future reference.
How about a block diagram
RegisteredDoctor
Register
Register for
availability/
Request for service urgent
service and
constant
/monitror
Detects the
nearest
vehicle
Request
for help
EMRCenter
Registered/Critical
patient
EmergencyCall
EMR
Vehicle
Hospital
EMR center directs
the EMR vehicle
to the nearest
hospital
Patient might
also make an
emergency call
Patient
The DRT
provides
its service
at the
disaster
location
Disease
Area
Medical
Inventory
Disaster
DisasterResponseTeam
(DRT)
Describe the rest of the entities
Make sure to have 10-12 constraints relations or entities]
Description of Entities and its Attributes:
Entity Type 1:
Entity Type Label: EMRCenter
Entity Type Definition:
Emergency center (EMR center) is a center which receives medical
emergency calls and locates an emergency vehicle nearest to the
emergency site. This tracking of a vehicle is done using a GPS.
Attributes:
Label
emrCenterID
Data Type
Integer
areaCode
Integer
numOfEmrCalls
Integer
numOfRegPatients
Integer
Constraint
It is a 8-digit positive
value
areaCode = 5-digit
positive value.
numOfEmrCalls>=0
Definition
Each EMR center has a unique
ID
The Area code in which the
EMR center is located
The average no of emergency
calls per day at a particular
EMRCenter.
numOfRegPatients
>=0
The number of patients
registered (patients who need
frequent service)
Entity Type 2:
Entity Type Label: Hospital
Entity Type Description:
The EMR center tracks the nearest available hospital and directs the
emergency vehicle with the patient, to that hospital.
Attributes:
Label
hospitalID
DataType Constraint
Integer
hospitalID is 8-digit
positive integer
doctorsOnDuty
Integer
0<doctorsOnDuty<50
numOfDepartments
Integer
0<numOfDepartments<20
staffOnDuty
Integer
0<staffOnDuty<100
roomAvailability
Boolean
roomAvailability = yes or
no
x
double
y
double
Definition
Each hospital is
uniquely identified by a
hospital ID.
No of doctors working
at the current time
Lists the number of
departments existing in
the hospital.
It tells the availability
of the staff in the
hospital
It indicates if a room is
available or not at any
given time
x-axis of the hospital
location.
y-axis of the hospital
location.
Entity Type 3:
Entity Type Label: Registered Doctors
Entity Type Definition: This entity is used to provide medical service to a critical
patient by calling the appropriate doctor to the Hospital to attend the emergency
case. Registered doctors are not always available at Hospitals. Each Doctor is
available at different timing and is specialized in different field. This entity is also
used to determine the number of doctors who are busy in attending the critical
patients,by tracking the information of the doctors.
Attributes:
Datatype
Constraint
Label
regDocID
Integer
regDocID is 8-digit
positive integer value
specializationCode
Integer
availableTime
Time
Definition
It is a value to uniquely
identify the doctors of an
EMR center
4 digits
It determines the
specialization of each
doctor
availableTime specified It gives the available time
areaCode
(hh:mm:ss) in 24 hours format
Integer
areaCode is 5-digit
positive integer.
of each doctor.
It specifies the location of
the doctor
Entity Type 4:
Entity Type Label: Patient
Entity Type Definition: This entity is used to recognize a person who is in an
emergency. He makes a call to the EMR Center and gives his details.
Attributes:
Label
ssn
Datatype
Integer
Age
Integer
areaCode
Integer
typeOfEmergency
Integer
Constraint
SSN is 9-digit
positive integer
Maximum 3 digits
areaCode is a 5-digit
positive integer
0<=typeOfEmergenc
y<=5
Definition
It uniquely identifies every
patient
Specifies the age group of
patient
It specifies the address of the
patient.
It tells what kind of disease
the patient is suffering from
and hence determines the kind
of emergency.
Entity Type 5:
Entity Type Label: DisasterResponseTeam
Entity Type Definition: This entity describes a team which responds to any
disaster in an area. When a disaster occurs the EMR center finds disaster response
team in that area and sends it to the disaster area.
Attribute:
Label
disasterTeamID
Datatype
Integer
numOfEmployees
Integer
areaCode
Integer
x
double
Constraint
disasterTeamID is 5digit positive integer
10<numOfEmployees
<=75
areaCode should be
5-digit positive
integer
Definition
Every disaster response team
has a unique ID
This gives the number of
employees currently present
in a disaster response team.
The EMR center checks this
number to find if that
response team is sufficient for
a particular disaster
This is the area code in which
the disaster response team is
located
x-axis location of the disaster
y
response team
y-axis location of the disaster
response team
double
Entity Type 6:
Entity Type Label: RegisteredPatient
Entity Type Definition:
Registered patient is a critical patient who has a particular emergency or disease.
He can be an aged person or a patient with heart problem. He is registered to the
EMR center. There is a GPS based facility provided, when an emergency occurs
the critical patient can just press a button to inform EMR center.
Attributes:
Label
regPatientID
Datatype
Integer
problemCode
Integer
primaryConNum
integer
x
double
y
double
Constraint
regPatientID should be
8-digit positive value
Maximum 3 digits
primaryConNum is a
10 digit number and
should follow the
below format:
(XXX) XXX-XXXX
Definition
This is the ID to uniquely
identify each critical patient
It determines the problem that
the patient is suffering. This is
also in the database of the
EMR Center so that
immediate help corresponding
to that problem can be sent.
It gives the personal contact
number of one of the family
member in order to inform if
there is any critical situation
x-axis location of the
registered patient.
y-axis location of the
registered patient.
Entity Type 7:
Entity Type Label: EmergencyCall
Entity Type Definition:
This entity shows the emergency call received by EMR center. When emergency
calls are made, the call reaches one nearest EMR center based on, which area the
call is coming from. The emergency call is also updated in the centralized GPS
based emergency system.
Attributes:
Label
emergencyCallID
DataType
Integer
Constraint
Definition
Each emergency call is
uniquely identified with
areaCode
Integer
areaCode is a 5-digit
positive integer
timeStamp
DATETIM
E
typeOfEmergency
Integer
Date and Time should
be in the below format:
yy/mm/dt hh:mm:ss
0<=
typeOfEmergency<=5
an ID
This attribute gives the
area from which the
emergency call
is coming from.
This gives the date and
time when the emergency
call has been made
It tells the type of
emergency associated with
the call
Entity Type 8:
Entity Type Label: Area
Entity Type Definition: The entire Country is divided into many areas. Each area
has many EMR centers.
Attributes:
Label
Data Type
areaCode
Integre
population
Integer
Constraint
areaCode is a 5-digit
positive value
0<=population<=100000
disasterCod Integer
e
3 digit to uniquely
specify probable diaster
diseaseCod
e
3 digit that uniquely
specifies a disease.
Integer
Definition
Each area is uniquely identified
with an area code
The population associated with
a particular area. According to
this the numbers of EMR
services are increased in that
area.
This gives the disaster to which
that particular area is prone to
say for example California is
prone to earthquakes. Many
South East side states are prone
to hurricanes. So that
emergency services can be
increased in those areas.
This gives the disease to which
that particular area is prone to.
Entity Type 9:
Entity Type Label: EmergencyVehicle
Entity Type Definition:
This entity is used to provide transportation services to reach Hospital, Inventory
and the location of patients or victim. Each Vehicle is equipped with GPS to track
its own location as well as to find shortest route for any destination. .Each vehicle
is associated with an EMR center. Each vehicle could communicate with its EMR
center to find out the required service.
Attributes:
Label
capacity
Data Type
Integer
Constarint
0<=capacity<=8
facility
Integer
0<facility<=2
x
Double
y
Double
isAvailable
Boolean
isAvailable =
yes/no
Defnition
It determines the number of
patients to be carried on each
vehicle
The facility provided in each
vehicle(1=well-equipped,
2=basic)
X coordinate of the vehicle
traced by GPS
Y coordinate of the vehicle
traced by GPS
The value confirms the
availability of the vehicle
Entity Type 10:
Entity Type Label: Medical Inventory:
Entity Type Definition:
This is used to supply the medicines to the hospital in case of shortage. Each
EMR center has a link with a Medical Inventory to get medicines and equipments.
It stores the medicine in different category and has the id for each medicine in
order to search it easily.
Attributes:
Label
Data Type
Constraint
Definition
inventoryID
Integer
inventoryID should be
the key to uniquely
7-digit positive integer identify each inventory .
value
typeOfInventory Integer
0<typeOfInventory<10 It specifies the category of
0
medicine that is supplied
by this inventory
areaCode
Integer
areaCode should be 5It gives the location of the
digit positive integre
inventory
officeHours
Integer
officeHours should be
It represents the open
specified in 24-hours
hours of the shop
format
Entity Type 11:
Entity Type Label: Disease
Entity Type Definition:
This entity gives the details about the number of people affected by various
diseases in a particular area.
Attributes:
Label
dieaseCode
Data Type
Integer
isContagious
Boolean
noofPeopleAffec
ted
Integer
areaCode
Integer
Constraint
should be 7-digit
positive integer value
It specifies the number
of people affected by
this disease
Definition
the key to uniquely
specify major disease
Specify whether disease
spreads easily or not
The category of the
medicine that is present in
the medical inventory.
The area in which the
disease is spread.
Entity Type 12:
Entity Type Label: Disaster
Entity Type Definition:
This entity gives the details about major disaster that may occur.
Attributes:
Label
disasterCode
Data Type
Integer
severityLevel
Integer
Constraint
should be 1-digit
positive integer value
1 digit
noOfPeopleAffe
cted
Integer
noOfPeopleAffected>0
areaCode
Integer
Definition
the key that uniquely
specify the disaster
Specify the intensity of the
disaster
It specifies the number of
people affected by this
disease
The area that is affected
by the disaster.