Chapter 3: Curriculum
Chapter 3: Curriculum
Chapter 3:
Curriculum
© VAN SCHAIK PUBLISHERS
Learning outcomes
You should be able to:
• Implement the curriculum in the form of a lesson plan
• Distinguish and apply the introductory, content and
feedback phase when planning a lesson
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Faculty of Humanities
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Lesson phases
A lesson can be divided in three phases
Can you name these phases?
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Introductory phase
State the lesson objectives and outcome
Introduce the new content in a creative and interesting way
Point out the relationship of the lesson to previous ones
Content phase
New content is presented
Concluding/Feedback phase
Evaluation and assessment
Determine if the objectives of the lesson have been
actualised
The Introductory Phase:
 State the lesson outcomes and objectives
 Ask questions on prior learning related to the topic or
 play a video clip related to the topic for not more than
three minutes or
 use a case scenario to illustrate or identify the problem or
 use a guess speaker to introduce the new topic or
 set a short quiz on the new content
 use role play to gain interest in the topic or
 bring real life objects to class

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Content phase
• New content is introduced;
• Teach content using the media (posters, models,
pictures etc) you have planned for the lesson;
• State a problem to motivate learners’ to find solutions
and discover new content and
• Learners do research on the topic prior to the actual
lesson.
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Concluding/Feedback phase
• Summarise new content that was taught in the
lesson;
• Learners’ class activities are assessed and handed
back to them and
• Immediate feedback is necessary to improve learning
as learners learn from their mistakes.
•
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A proposed template for a lesson plan

1. Date:
2. Duration: (allocated time )
3. School:
4.Grade:
5.Subject:
6.Theme: select from CAPS document
7.Topic: Select from CAPS document
8.Lesson aim: Select from CAPS document (specific for each subject)
 Aims: are broader long-term goals and take years to achieve. For
example to ‘develop English competency in reading and writing in the
language subject English’

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A proposed template for a lesson plan
(continue)
9. Lesson Objectives
 What are the skills, content, values that a learner will
acquire at the end of the lesson?
 What is the purpose of the lesson?
Objectives of a lesson
 The formulation of clear aims and objectives
 Objectives: are short-term intentional targets created for a
specific activity of what learners should be able to do and
know at the end of a lesson. Objectives guide the teacher
to: select content, decide on how much content and in
what order content should be instructed.
:
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Objectives can be classified in three
domains
• Affective domain
Emotional development of learners.
• Psychomotor domain: related to the motor
and muscular skills that learners must acquire.
• Cognitive domain: the development of
learners’ cognitive abilities.
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A proposed template for a lesson plan
(continue)
10. Actualisation of prior knowledge (use 15% of your
allocated time)
For example: ask questions, set a quiz or short test.
11. Lesson Introduction (use 15% of your allocated
time)
Motivate learners’ and stimulate their interest in this
lesson. For example, use real life objects, videos, role
play, music and others that are related to the lesson
topic.
Department of Educational Studies
Faculty of Humanities
A proposed template for a lesson plan
(continue)
12. Exposition of new content (explain new content)
(use 25% of your allocated time)
Explain step by step, new content to class using
media and sources.
13. Class activities including evaluation of class activities
(use 40% of your allocated time)
Create teaching activities for the teacher.
Create differentiated class activities for the learner.
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A proposed template for a lesson plan
(continue)
14. Teaching and learning methods
 Select teaching and learning strategies according to
the topic of the lesson and the needs of the learners?
 Decide on group work or individual work.
 What class work tasks could help learners to deepen
their understanding of this topic?
 Some examples of teaching & learning strategies are:
discussion, show, tell & explain, debate, draw,
illustrate, quiz, investigation, experiments, calculate,
etc.
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A proposed template for a lesson plan
(continue)
15. Summary (use 5% of your allocated time)
Summarise the new content that was taught in the lesson
16. Sources needed / Teaching and learning media: Posters,
models, video clips, pictures etc.
17. Homework / Assessment
Self ,Peer/group or teacher assessment:
18. Teacher reflection
You need to fill this in after completion of the lesson.
Determine good and bad practices, and change
methods, activities etc. accordingly.
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The advantages of planning a lesson
• Order your class.
• Sets the correct example: As role model
• Creates a learning atmosphere: create an informal,
disciplined and interactive atmosphere
• Saves time
• Contributes to work satisfaction
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Planning curriculum integration in
different subjects
Example
 Science: Explain, identify and inquiry the hazardous metals and other
components that electronic equipment are composed of.
 Technology: Identify the different components in a computer.
 Life Sciences: Read additional articles and publications and determine what
the effects of E-waste on human health are.
 English: Write an essay or hold debates on the effects of e-waste on the
maintaining of a sustainable environment.
 Mathematics: in a graph how many billions kilogram of plastics, lead and
mercury are currently dumped in the world as E-waste.
 Economics: How can the recycling of E-waste contribute to a country’s
economical growth?
 Business Management: Compile a business plan for a company
 Art: Use E-waste components and construct a usable item, such as a chair,
desk etc.
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Continuity and implementation of the
planned curriculum
skills
concepts
knowledge
attitudes
experiences
aims and
objectives
social
experiences
assessment
marks
Class activity
Plan a complete lesson in one of your
major subjects using the provided
lesson plan template as a guideline.
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Summary
A lesson plan consists of a introductory, content and
concluding phase. A template can be used to plan a lesson.
Objectives can be classified in the affective, psychomotor
and cognitive domain. A topic of a lesson can be integrated
in all other subjects.
The teacher is a role model therefore well planned lessons
are needed.
Department of Educational Studies
Faculty of Humanities
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Reflection
Write down:


What new concepts did you learn?
Which concepts are still unclear to you?
You should think back on today’s lesson and write down
in three sentences:

What sections of the lesson plan do I not
understand?
Homework
1. Why do you think a curriculum is important?
2. Describe step by step how you will plan a detailed
curriculum for one of your major subjects.
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Possible answers
1. A curriculum provides the teacher with: a
timeframe, objectives, learning outcomes, teaching
and assessment methods, content, learning, teaching
and remedial activities and resources that a school
uses to teach learners.
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Possible answers
2. I will use the following components to plan my curriculum:
 What will establish the aim, objectives and learning outcomes of my
curriculum.
 Establish what subject matter will be included in the curriculum.
 Which activities will I create to teach the subject matter?
 What sources are available to teach and apply the content?
 What is the time frame that I can construct my curriculum for?
 Which stakeholders are important for the successful implementation
and teaching of the curriculum?
 How can I accommodate all learners’ needs in the curriculum?
 What are the needs of the community?
Department of Educational Studies
Faculty of Humanities
Compiled by T de Jager