Some Interesting
Research Experiments in IPv6
Internetworking
IPv6 Workshop, IIT-Kanpur, April 1, 2005
Dr. Rahul Banerjee
Computer Science & Information Systems Group
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani (India)
E-mail: [email protected]
Home: http://www.bits-pilani.ac.in/~rahul
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Interaction Points
 IPv6: Current Status
 Problems and Issues
 An overview of major IPv6 research experiments
around the world
 Related Research Experiments at BITS-Pilani
Project IPv6@BITS: First few Steps during 1998-2002
Project BITS-LifeGuard
The Grid-One Initiative
 The Road Ahead
 Summary
 References
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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IPv6: Current Status
A brief overview of the IPv6 workgroup’s
progress at the IETF
The Revised IETF Roadmap for IPv6
IPv6 Research, Development and
Deployments in Industry
Hype versus Reality
Obstacles & Opportunities
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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The IETF IPv6 Working Group:
Current Progress Status of IPv6-specific
Standardization / Updating Work (1 of 2)
Milestones passed <work completed>
 Submission of a flexible method to manage the assignment of bits of an
IPv6 address block to the IESG for Informational RFC.
 Submission of the Flow Label specification to IESG for Proposed
Standard RFC.
 Submission of the Prefix Delegation requirements to IESG for
Informational RFC
 Revision of the Aggregatable Unicast Addresses (RFC2374) to remove
TLA/NLA/SLA terminology.
 Submission of a Draft on Proxy RA solution for prefix delegation.
 Submission of the IPv6 Node Requirements to IESG for Informational.
 Submission of the Site-Local Deprecation document to IESG for
Informational.
 Submission of the Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses to IESG for
Proposed Standard RFC
 Submission of the Link Scoped IPv6 Multicast Addresses to IESG for
Proposed Standard RFC
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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The IETF IPv6 Working Group:
Current Progress Status of IPv6-specific
Standardization / Updating Work (2 of 2)
Milestones passed <work completed>
 Submission of the IPv6 Scoped Addressing Architecture to IESG
for Proposed Standard RFC
 Submission of the TCP MIB to IESG for Proposed Standard RFC
 Submission of the Site-Local Deprecation document to IESG for
Informational RFC
 Submission of the Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses to IESG
for Proposed Standard RFC
 Submission of the Router Preferences, More-Specific Routes to
IESG for Proposed Standard RFC
 Submission of the updates to Auto Configuration (RFC2462 to be
republished as Draft Standard RFC
 Submission of the update to ICMPv6 (RFC2463) to be republished
as Draft Standard RFC
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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IPv6 Working Group Roadmap Status
Milestones originally targeted <work in
progress / delayed progress> <1 0f 2>
 Dec 04 Submit document defining DAD
optimizations to the IESG for Proposed Standard
 Dec 04 Submit Load Sharing to IESG for
Proposed Standard
 Dec 04 Submit updates to Neighbor Discovery
(RFC2461) to be republished as Draft Standard
 Jan 05 Submit Centrally Assigned Unique Local
IPv6 Unicast Addresses to IESG for Proposed
Standard
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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IPv6 Working Group Roadmap Status
Milestones originally targeted <work in
progress / delayed progress> <2 of 2>
 Jan 05 Submit Proxy ND to IESG for Informational
 Jan 05 Resubmit Node Information Queries to IESG for
Experimental status
 Jan 05 Submit update to IPv6 over PPP (RFC2472) to
IESG for Draft Standard
 Jan 05 Submit Update to Privacy Extensions for Stateless
Autoconfiguration document (RFC3041) to the IESG for
Draft Standard
 Mar 05 Submit update to IPv6 Address Architecture to the
IESG for Draft Standard
 Apr 05 Re-charter or close working group.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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A Technical Overview of
IPv6-specific Research
Experiments
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Principal Objectives of this Research Overview
 Spreading Awareness of activities in related
project areas for ease of collaboration (through a
brief Technical Summary and subsequent
discussion)
 Avoiding duplication of work-objectives and
ensuring better utilization of resources
 Ensuring synergy between related projects so as
to step up their productive output
 Identification of areas of possible collaboration
between different projects
 Identification of a viable mechanism for ensuring
such synergy and collaboration
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Categories of Major IPv6 QoS Projects
 Quality-of-Service at the Infrastructure Level
 Packet-Switching Technology-specific initiatives
 Virtual Circuit -Switching Technology-specific initiatives
 Mixed-Mode-specific initiatives
 Quality-of-Service at the Higher Level
 Application-specific initiatives
 Service-specific initiatives
 Application Level Service-specific initiatives
 Transport Level Service-specific initiatives
 Quality-of-Service at both levels
 Survey-based and Analysis-based initiatives
 Implementation and Testing-based initiatives
In all the categories, some of the ongoing works would
facilitate standardization, benchmarking and derivation
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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of technology roadmaps.
Categories of Major IPv6 QoS Projects
 Quality-of-Service at the Infrastructure Level
 Packet-Switching Technology-specific initiatives
 Virtual Circuit -Switching Technology-specific initiatives
 Mixed-Mode-specific initiatives
 Quality-of-Service at the Higher Level
 Application-specific initiatives
 Service-specific initiatives
 Application Level Service-specific initiatives
 Transport Level Service-specific initiatives
 Quality-of-Service at both levels
 Survey-based and Analysis-based initiatives
 Implementation and Testing-based initiatives
In all the categories, some of the ongoing works would
facilitate standardization, benchmarking and derivation
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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of technology roadmaps.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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IPv6-based Grid Computing Projects
 Telescience project allowed collaboration with the
researchers in Argentina with their counterparts in Sweden
to control the Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscope
(IVEM 4000) in the USA.
 This facility also allowed bioinformatic and collaborative
visualization tools.
 Incidentally, the Telescience project was also featuring an
all-IPv6 native support-based underlying fabric. In that
sense, it was interesting to see how the researchers
approached the problem.
 The researchers were able to transfer at the 1Gbps rate
using this all-IPv6 infrastructure.
 However, till date, no international project has attempted to
capitalize on the experimental QoS features for which the
IPv6 has good potential.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Some Other Projects involving Grid
Computing and IPv6
 Teragrid (NSF funded, partly IPv6 enabled)
 GrangeNet (10 Gbps delivered over IPv6)
 KDDI Labs.-Project WIDE-Osaka UniversityUCSD Research Grid experiment (using native
IPv6-support)
 Project Grid-One (at BITS-Pilani)
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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First few steps at BITS
 Project
IPv6@BITS

 Project Home Page:
http://ipv6.bits-pilani.ac.in/
 IPv6-site:
IPV6-BITS-IN
 Origin: AS4755
 International
Tunnels: Eleven



BITS was the first from India to
be on the International IPv6
Backbone known as the 6-Bone
and was the only University in
India that acquired the status of
a pTLA for IPv6.
The project has as an active
IPv6-oriented networking
research and development
component.
Has over 24 International
Partners participating in
collaborative research.
BITS led the IPv6-QoS
Research Group at the
European Commission’s Next
Generation Networks Initiative
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Some Other Ongoing Projects that
already use the IPv6-enabled
Infrastructure




Project BITS-MOS
IPv6-VoD Project
IPv6-DTVC Project
BITS Digital Library
Project
 BITS Virtual
University Project
 Technology Transfer
Portal Project
 BITS-Linux Project
 JS project for Free
Journals
 Project BITSWearComp
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Project GridOne
An IPv6-QoS-aware Grid Computing
Experiment in Progress
at BITS-Pilani
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Grid computing Architecture
 Grids may be seen as made up of four layers :
 Application layer (example: collaborative biomedical research)
 Middleware layer (examples: Schedulers, APIs, Authentication
schemes, Interfaces, Managing elements)
 Computing Infrastructure layer (examples: PCs, PDAs, Mid-range
and Mainframes, Supercomputers as individual nodes)
 Distributed Communication / fabric layer (example: underlying
networks)
Application Layer
Middleware Layer
Computing Infrastructure Layer
Distributed Communication /
Fabric Layer
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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The Grid-One Initiative at BITS-Pilani
 BITS-Pilani is currently involved in a two-part
experimental project under its Grid-One Initiative:
 In the first phase, it is building a medium-sized campus-wide
grid involving
 several Server-class systems,
 about 3000+ PCs used inside the institute’s laboratories and faculty
chambers, student hostel rooms and
 many of the staff-owned PCs / Laptops / Tablet PCs etc.
(The entire campus is connected using Gigabit Ethernet and
Wireless LAN technologies.)
 Operating Systems include Linux, FreeBSD, SCO Unix, HP-UX, Sun
Solaris, Windows 2003 Server, Windows 2000/Me/XP, Novell
Netware, Win CE <as client node>, Palm OS <as client node>.
 The second phase would involve connecting the resultant grid
to a bigger IPv6-enabled Grid for experimentation.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Project BITS-LifeGuard
A Wearable Computer Research Project for
Saving Human Lives that uses native IPv6
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Introduction to the BITS Wearable
Computing Project
 The “Project BITS-WearComp” research programme
 Conceptualized in 1999
 Started in the early 2000
 First white paper and roadmap published in 2001
 First specific project, the BITS-Lifeguard, begun in May 2001
<Blueprint discussed at the NGNi’s Brussels Meet in May
2001>
 Objectives:
 Saving human lives with the help of non-intrusive wearable
computing devices
 Using the advances in computer communication and
networking technologies to complement the wearable device
capabilities <including the native IPv6 support in the wearable
as well as the car’s computer>
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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A little bit about
the BITS-Lifeguard system
 This research aims to protect human lives from those
road accidents that result from the reduced levels of the
physical fitness or mental alertness of the driver.
 Initially, it is focusing on light vehicles and their drivers /
occupants. However, the concept is easily extensible to
large vehicles and their drivers / occupants as well.
 This research also draws on the works done by life
scientists on human sensory system, brain and select
externally measurable parameters (that can be
measured, calibrated or accurately estimated without
piercing human body).
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Motivation behind
the BITS-Lifeguard system
 More people die of road accidents than due to natural
calamities or other reasons
 Out of these road accidents, as per various reports,
 About 8% accidents were due to mechanical problems / failures in
the vehicle
 About 12% accidents were found to be due to traffic violations,
wrong assessment of the situation-on-hand by the driver or activities
that tend to distract drivers (including changing cassettes / CDs /
speaking on mobile etc.)
 Approximately, 73% of the accidents were attributed to the
possibilities that the driver’s physical and mental alertness levels
may have been unfit for driving at the time of accident
 Remaining 7% accidents were accounted to various reasons
including those of suicidal
attempts / forced accidents etc.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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The Vision behind
the BITS-Lifeguard System (1 of 2)
 The overall life-saving environment in which the
BITS-Lifeguard is envisioned to work shall have two
core components:
The wearable computing component: The BITS-Lifeguard
The vehicular computing component
 The scenario of action would include:
Part-I:
 sensing of select critical parameters that help estimate the
current level of alertness and physical ability to drive safely,
 comparing these with the pre-fed threshold levels and
generate an alert to the driver;
 in case, driver fails to respond quickly enough, send and SoS
signal to the vehicular computer wirelessly
These responsibilities are handled by the wearable computer
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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The Vision behind
the BITS-Lifeguard System (2of 2)
The scenario of action would include:
Part-II
Taking over control from the driver,
Safely attempting to move the vehicle as per the pre-fed
GIS map and GPS data
Stopping the vehicle on a side
Sending information wirelessly to the rescue / recovery
agencies providing the location details, vehicle’s details
and driver’s details
Intimating to the pre-registered relative / friend about the
event and location
These steps are taken
by the
vehicle’s
computer
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee,
BITS-Pilani,
India
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Elements of the BITS-Lifeguard Non-Intrusive
Wearable Computing System
 A wearable computing system of this category
needs at least five basic elements:
Non-Intrusive Sensory elements to sense the wearer’s
environment,
Computing elements to take care of computational needs;
and,
Communication elements to interconnect these
computing elements (with mobility)
Body safe Power Supply / Generation elements to
provide the necessary power to the wearable computing
system
Fabric or placeholder elements to allow interconnected
elements in place <could server other purposes also>
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Identifying Challenges
 It was required to identify:
elements of relevance
Factors influencing the choices
Roles of Hardware technologies (including CPU, Power
system, Sensor and Communication)
Roles of Software technologies (including System and
Application software)
 Challenge was also to consider Trade-offs between
functionalities,
form factor,
weight and
cost of device elements
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Research Issues
(1 of 10)
Sensory Issues
 Selection of parameters required to be sensed
 Identifying the inter-relationship of these
parameters with one-another, if any,
 Comparison of these parameters’ usefulness to
the target system from the viewpoint of their
measurability, ease of measurement, estimation
or calibration
 Identification of any conflicting requirements of
any two or more of these parameters due their
measurement process that may interfere with
each-other
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Research Issues
(2 of 10)
Sensory Issues
 Identification of best possible method of direct or
indirect sensing the chosen parameters
 Evaluating the best candidate methods from the
viewpoints of their being appropriate to be
embedded into the wearable computer’s fabric
 Identifying the best mechanism and location to
embed one or more of these sensory elements in
the fabric
 Identify the reliable interfacing mechanism to
connect these elements with the appropriate part of
the target system
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Research Issues
(3 of 10)
Processing Issues
 Ascertaining the exact scope of real-time processing
 Estimating average and peak processing power
needed
 Identifying the level and mechanism of fault-tolerance
required
 Evaluating the available processor families and short
listing the candidate choices
 Deciding about a safe and secure embedding
mechanism, deciding the location of placement of
processors, integration of the chosen processors with
the rest of the target system
 Planning power needs of the processing sub-system
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Research Issues
(4 of 10)
System Software Issues
 Identifying the critical and optional features needed to
be supported by the Operating System
 Evaluating available Operating Systems on the chosen
processors with respect to
 real-time support in the scheduling mechanism,
 power-management support,
 efficiency of operation,
 memory requirements,
 availability of ready-to-use device drivers,
 security support,
 robustness (crash-resistance and recovery included),
 availability of source code for modification and customization,
 application development support available etc.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
38
Research Issues
(5 of 10)
Application Software Issues
 Identification of techniques and tools that would
allow:
efficient,
verifiable,
self-correcting and
time-sensitive application level software design and
development
 Deciding about the critical and optional modules,
 Formulating security (privacy included)
strategies to be implemented at the application
level
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
39
Research Issues
(6 of 10)
User-specific Issues
 Choice of mechanism to be used for the User (Driver
in this case) registration and authentication prior-touse
 User-specific critical data acquisition, sensor output
calibration and verification prior-to-first use as well
periodically afterwards (say every two years or after
any major injury / prolonged treatment etc.)
 Deciding upon the minimal set of training (ideally
none) on use of the wearable and precautions, if any
 Carefully evaluating the least irritating but adequately
effective interface to the user for alerts (say audio only,
audio and vibratory alert etc.)
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
40
Research Issues
(7 of 10)
Communication Technology Issues
 Identification of the low-power, short-distance, low / mediumspeed wireless communication mechanism (technology,
protocol included) for the wearable computing element
 Ensuring that the technology and mechanism work even if
accidentally an object of common use or any body part may
come between the wearable computer’s transceiver and
vehicle’s transceiver
 Identification of Higher-level Protocol Stack for local as well as
global identification of the wearable computer as well as that of
the vehicle’s computer
 Identification of appropriate wireless mobile communication
technology that could allow vehicle’s computer to communicate
with the external world in the event of the need
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
41
Research Issues
(8 of 10)
Power-specific Issues
 Identifying the methods and mechanisms to minimize the
power requirements of the wearable computer system
since providing power from vehicle’s power system is both
impractical and unadvisable
 Ensuring that the chosen mechanism of reduced power
requirement does not adversely affect the critical aspects
of operation of the wearable computing system
 Identifying possible power-system elements that could
supply required power to the identified elements of the
wearable computer for reasonably long hours before any
recharging or replacement becomes necessary
 Assessing the robustness of the power-sub-system against
likely failures / exposures
/ damages
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Research Issues
(9 of 10)
Security Issues
 Identification / development of low-overhead
based efficient security mechanisms and
protocols for providing:
Data integrity check
Failsafe User (driver) authentication
Implementation of verifiable privacy policy to
protect privacy of the user from the unscrupulous
offenders
Protection against any over-the-network or EMIbased attacks on the wearable or vehicular
subsystems
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
43
Research Issues
(10 of 10)
User-Safety Issues
 Evolution of a verifiable framework that could be
used to ensure that the overall system in its
entirety or any individual sub-system / element
of which does not pose any threat to the physical
security or mental comfort level of the user
 Ensuring that a built-in self-test be executed on
the wearable computer as well as on the
vehicle’s computer at appropriate intervals to
ensure that the system continues to conform to
the specified safety norms.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
44
Current Status (1 of 2)
Vehicular Computing System
 Vehicle’s communication subsystem design is
ready, fine tuning and verification are yet to be
done
 GPS software modules have been developed
 A minimal GIS mechanism is being developed
 Vehicle’s environment is planned to be simulated
over next one year
 Real prototype for the vehicle’s computing
system is slated for 2008.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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Current Status (2 of 2)
Wearable Computing System
 Architecture for the Sensory Sub-system is ready and
several sensory simulation tests are under way
 First phase of the Processing Subsystem Architecture
has been completed, verification and prototyping is being
planned
 Software decisions for the wearable computing element
have been made, initial choices have been frozen and a
development environment is ready for use
 Application software for the wearable computing system
is slated for 2006
 Security architecture is nearly complete and shall be
evaluated within next 6 months
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
46
 The BITS Virtual
University Project
 Opened to public on
August 15, 2001
 Initially offerd primarily
asynchronous learning
support
 It now has an advanced
facility for providing
 IP-based Live
(interactive) Lectures
 On-Demand IP-based
interactive delivery of
recorded sessions
 Over 75% of the software
used developed in house
 Currently, in Phase-4
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
47
The Road Ahead ……
Identification of Common Grounds and Complementing One-Another’s
Deliverables
 Collaboration Possibilities in breaking new
grounds
 Identification of Individual Project’s perceived
‘Barriers’ as points of possible collaboration
 Identification of Common Grounds for initiating
an inter-project dialogue
 Sharing the experiences
 Helping each-other in the process of testing,
benchmarking, standardization and field
deployment
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
48
Concluding Remarks
Let us begin here… now…
Let us know one-another more closely to
be able to explore synergy!
Let us brainstorm to evolve a mechanism
for such collaborative co-existence…..
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
49
Thank you!
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
50
Select References
 Telescience project portal, OSGA site, NSF project site
 Brian Carpenter: ISOC Member Briefing # 11, Feb. 2003.
 Rahul Banerjee: Internetworking Technologies, PrenticeHall of India, New Delhi, 2003. (Also, freely
downloadable from http://www.bits-pilani.ac.in/~rahul
and http://ipv6.bits-pilani.ac.in)
 Rahul Banerjee: Internetworking Application
Architectures, BITS-Pilani, 2004. (Freely downloadable
from http://www.bits-pilani.ac.in/~rahul and
http://ipv6.bits-pilani.ac.in)
 Rahul Banerjee: An Innovative Approach to IPv6 Quality
of Service – An OUCS Special Event (Invited lecture),
Oxford University, Oxford, Feb. 2002.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
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References
Rahul Banerjee. June 2001. THE BITS LifeGuard
System, First technical meeting of the European Commission’s
Next Generation Network Initiative project, Brussels.
2002 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES.
January 2004. Traffic Safety Facts 2002: A Compilation
of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the Fatality Analysis
Reporting System and the General Estimates System.
Annual Report. Washington, D.C.: National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration.
European Transport Safety Council. 2001. The Role of
Driver Fatigue in Commercial Road Transport Crashes. Technical
Report, ISBN: 90-76024-09-X. European Transport Safety
Council, Rue du Cornet 34, B-1040, Brussels.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
52
References
NCSDR / NHTSA Expert Panel on Driver Fatigue and
Sleepiness. 1998. Drowsy Driving and Automobile
Crashes. URL:
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/sleep/drsy_drv.pdf
The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA).
February 2001. Driver Fatigue and Road Accidents: A
Literature Review and Position Paper. URL:
http://www.rospa.com/pdfs/road/fatigue.pdf
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India
53
References
Lizzy: MIT's Wearable Computer Design 2.0.5. URL:
http://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/lizzy/lizzy/.
Steve Mann, 1997 Smart Clothing: The Wearable
Computer and WearCam, URL:
http://wearcam.org/personaltechnologies/
Rhodes, B. J. 1997. The Wearable Remembrance
Agent: A system for augmented memory. Personal
Technologies Journal, Special Issue on Wearable
Computing 1: 218-224.
Abowd, G., Atkeson, C., Hong, J., Long, S., Kooper,
R., and Pinkerton, M. 1997. Cyberguide: A mobile
(c) Dr. Rahul
Banerjee,
BITS-Pilani, India
context-aware tour guide.
ACM
Wireless
Networks 3:
421-433.
54