CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Carbon in Life and Materials
the BIG idea
Carbon is essential to living things and to modern materials.
5.1 Carbon-based molecules have many structures.
5.2 Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks.
5.3 Carbon-based molecules are in many materials.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
5.1
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Carbon-based molecules have many
structures.
Carbon forms a large number of different compounds
because of the number of bonds it can make with other
atoms.
H
Single Bond
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
inorganic
compound
isomer
H
H
C
H
Triple Bond
organic compound
H
H
Double Bond
VOCABULARY
H
C
C
H
SECTION
OUTLINE
5.1
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Carbon-based molecules have many
structures.
Carbon forms a large number of different compounds
because of the number of bonds it can make with other
atoms.
Carbon can form chains and rings.
Hexane
VOCABULARY
organic compound
inorganic
compound
isomer
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3
Vanillin
O
CH
O
OH
CH3
SECTION
OUTLINE
5.2
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Carbon-based molecules are life’s
building blocks.
There are four main types of carbon-based molecules
in living things.
• include sugars
and starches
Lipids
• include fats and
oils
• energy for cells
• energy for cells
• plant cell walls
• cell membranes
carbohydrate
lipid
Carbon-Based Molecules
Carbohydrates
VOCABULARY
Proteins
• function depends
on order of amino
acids
Nucleic Acids
• DNA
protein
enzyme
• carries genetic
code
nucleic acid
• structure, transport, • sequence of three
immune system,
DNA bases is the
enzymes
code for an amino
acid
SECTION
OUTLINE
5.3
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Carbon-based molecules are in many
materials.
Carbon from ancient organisms is used to make many
common items, such as clothing and plastics.
VOCABULARY
hydrocarbon
polymer
monomer
plastic
SECTION
OUTLINE
5.3
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Carbon-based molecules are in many
materials.
Carbon from ancient organisms is used to make many
common items, such as clothing and plastics.
These items are based on polymers.
VOCABULARY
hydrocarbon
polymer
monomer
plastic
Monomer
CH2
Polymer
CH2 CH
CH
CH3
CH2
CH3
CH
CH3
CH2
CH
CH3
SECTION
OUTLINE
5.1
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Carbon-based molecules have many
structures.
I. Carbon-based molecules have many structures.
A. Living and nonliving things contain carbon.
B. Carbon forms many different compounds.
1. Carbon Chains
VOCABULARY
organic compound
inorganic
compound
isomer
2. Carbon Rings
3. Isomers
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
5.2
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Carbon-based molecules are life’s
building blocks.
VOCABULARY
II. Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks.
carbohydrate
A. Carbon-based molecules have many functions
in living things.
lipid
B. Living things contain four major types of
carbon-based molecules.
enzyme
1. Carbohydrates
protein
nucleic acid
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
5.3
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Carbon-based molecules are in many
materials.
III. Carbon-based molecules are in many materials.
A. Carbon-based compounds from ancient
organisms are used to make new materials.
B. Polymers contain repeating carbon-based units.
VOCABULARY
hydrocarbon
polymer
monomer
plastic
1. Formation of Polymers
2. Plastics
3. Designing Materials
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY