Microphysics of deep convection Part I

Deutscher Wetterdienst
GB Forschung und Entwicklung
Parametrisierung der Verdunstung
in einem 2-Momenten-Schema
Axel Seifert
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach
Geschäftsbereich Forschung und Entwicklung
Referat FE13 “Numerische Modelle”
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach
Evaporation of raindrops:
A problem in convective rain
Especially in convective precipitation
the raindrop size distribution f(D)
is highly variable and not necessarily
exponential. A better description is a
Gamma distribution:
Zhang et al. (2001) measured μ vs. λ
f(D) = N0 Dμ exp(-λD)
Problem: μ and N0 are highly variable
and have a strong impact on
evaporation and sedimentation
λ = λ(qr) in mm-1
high qr
low qr
 Two-moment schemes do not necessarily solve (all) our problems!
(see also Zhang et al. 2006)
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach
Evaporation of raindrops:
Two-moment parameterization
Liquid water content:
…and something looking like a bulk ventilation coefficient
Number concentration:
DSD parameters:
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach
Evaporation of raindrops:
An idealized ‘convective’ rain event
Simulation using a 1D rainshaft model with a
homogenous cloud as initial condition.
f(D) = N0 Dμ exp(-λD)
The shape of the raindrop size distribution can be
parameterized as a function of the slope parameter
with
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach
Seifert (2005, JAS)
The shape parameter of the raindrop distribution
Adding evaporation to the problem leads to more scatter
in the µ-λ-relation.
Using a µ-D-relation instead allows to distinguish large
and small mean diameters
• Low µ for D ≈ 1 mm:
„breakup/coalescence regime“
• Large µ for D >> 1 mm:
„gravitational sorting regime“
• Large uncertainty for small mean diameters:
evaporation, gravitational sorting,…
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach
Seifert (2007, submitted)
The size effect of evaporation
Using the spectral bin model, an
empirical parameterization of the
size effect of evaporation can be
derived:
with
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach
Seifert (2007, submitted)
Results of the revised two-moment scheme
in a 1D rainshaft model
Comparison of the spectral bin and the two-moment bulk model for an
strong rain event (rain rate R, mean diameter Dm and shape parameter µ)
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach
Seifert (2007, submitted)
Deutscher Wetterdienst
GB Forschung und Entwicklung
COSMO 4.0
mit 2-Momenten-Mikrophysik
Axel Seifert
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach
Geschäftsbereich Forschung und Entwicklung
Referat FE13 “Numerische Modelle”
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach
Seifert and Beheng two-moment scheme
Prognostic equations for
• mass densities
• number concentrations
of 5 different species
• cloud droplets
• rain drops
• cloud ice
• snow (aggregates)
• graupel/hail
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach
Seifert and Beheng (2006)
New Version by Blahak, Noppel,
Beheng and Seifert
Now with 6 different
species
• cloud droplets
• rain drops
• cloud ice
• snow (aggregates)
• graupel
• hail
Including a special
treatment of hail formation
and wet growth
Complicated, expensive
… and unpublished!
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach
Arbeiten zum/am 2-Momentenschema:
Fallstudie 20. Juli 2007
Radar
3.5 mm / 89 mm
GSCP=4
2.8 mm / 78 mm
GSCP=2733
3.3 mm / 81 mm
precipitation in mm
Hier ergibt das 2-Momentenschema eine bessere Vorhersage der
Sekundärkonvektion und damit des akkumulierten Niederschlags.
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach
Arbeiten zum/am 2-Momentenschema:
Fallstudie 20. Juli 2007
Radar
GSCP=4
3.5 mm / 89 mm
2.8 mm / 78 mm
GSCP=4, µ=0
2.7 mm / 60 mm
GSCP=2733
3.3 mm / 81 mm
precipitation in mm
Erhöht man im Graupelschema die Regentropfenverdunstung,
so ergibt sich auch eine (etwas) stärkere Sekundärkonvektion.
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach
Arbeiten zum/am 2-Momentenschema:
Fallstudie 20. Juli 2007
Radar
GSCP=2713
3.5 mm / 89 mm
3.3 mm / 64 mm
GSCP=2733
GSCP=2723
3.3 mm / 81 mm
3.5 mm / 73 mm
precipitation in mm
Das 2-Momentenschema zeigt eine deutliche Sensitivität bzgl. der Variation
der CCN-Konzentration (2713=clean, 2733=intermediate, 2723=polluted).
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach
Arbeiten zum/am 2-Momentenschema:
Fallstudie 23. Juni 2007
Radar
4.5 mm / 39 mm
GSCP=4
2.2 mm / 53 mm
GSCP=2713
GSCP=2723
2.5 mm / 59 mm
1.8 mm / 46 mm
precipitation in mm
Das 2-Momentenschema zeigt eine deutliche Sensitivität bzgl. der Variation
der CCN-Konzentration (2713=clean, 2723=polluted).
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach
Arbeiten zum/am 2-Momentenschema:
Fallstudie 10. Nov. 2007
Regnie
11.8 mm / 86 mm
GSCP=4
GSCP=2713
GSCP=2723
10.7 mm / 114 mm
9.7mm / 124 mm
8.4 mm / 73 mm
precipitation in mm
Das 2-Momentenschema zeigt eine deutliche Sensitivität bzgl. der Variation
der CCN-Konzentration (2713=clean, 2723=polluted).
QUEST-Meeting, 14. Dez. 2007, Offenbach