Editorial Advisory Board
Indra K. Vasil
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Laboratory of Plant Cell and Molecular
University of Florida
Gainesville,
Florida
L. Bogorad
F. Constabel
D. Dudits
P. Maliga
R. L. Phillips
J. Schell
O. Schieder
T. A. Thorpe
Biology
Cell Culture and
Somatic Cell Genetics
of Plants
V O L U M E
6
Molecular Biology of Plant Nuclear
Edited by
JEFF SCHELL
Max-Planck-Institut fur Zuchtungsforschung
Koln (Vogelsang)
Federal Republic of Germany
INDRA K. VASIL
Laboratory of Plant Cell and
Molecular Biology
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
Academic Press, Inc.
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,
Publishers
San Diego New York Berkeley Boston
London Sydney Tokyo Toronto
Genes
COPYRIGHT ' 1989 B Y ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
A L L RIGHTS RESERVED.
N O PART O F THIS P U B L I C A T I O N MAY B E R E P R O D U C E D O R
T R A N S M I T T E D IN A N Y F O R M O R B Y A N Y M E A N S , E L E C T R O N I C
OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR
A N Y INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL S Y S T E M , WITHOUT
P E R M I S S I O N IN W R I T I N G F R O M T H E P U B L I S H E R .
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
San Diego, California 92101
United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED
24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
(Revised for vol. 6)
Cell culture and somatic cell genetics of plants.
Vol. 4- edited by Friedrich Constabel, Indra K.
Vasil.
Vol. 6- edited by Jeff Schell, Indra K. Vasil.
Includes bibliographies and indexes.
Contents: v. 1. Laboratory procedures and their
applications — v. 2. Cell growth, nutrition, cytodifferentiation, and cryopreservation — [etc.] —
v. 6. Molecular biology of plant nuclear genes.
1. Plant cell culture. 2. Plant cytogenetics.
I. Vasil, I. Κ. II. Constabel, F.
QK725.C37
1984 5 8 Γ . 0 7 ' 2 4
ISBN 0-12-715001-3 (v. 1 : alk. paper)
ISBN 0-12-715002-1 (v. 2 : alk. paper)
ISBN 0-12-715006-4 (v. 6 : alk. paper)
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
89
90
91
92
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
83-21538
Contributors
Numbers in parentheses
indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions
begin.
BARBARA BAKER (101), Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany,
California 94710
ROGER N. BEACHY (405), Department of Biology, Washington
University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
ANDREW N. BINNS (263), Department of Biology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
KIM A. BUDELIER-SACHS (197), Plant Molecular Biology, Monsanto
Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63198
FRANCINE CASSE-DELBART (25), Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire,
INRA, 78000, Versailles, France
A. E. CLARKE (229), Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of
Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
BEN J . C CORNELISSEN (371), M O G E N International, N.V., 2333 CB
Leiden, The Netherlands
E. C CORNISH (229), Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of
Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
JEFFERY L. DANGL (155), Max-Planck-Institut fur Zuchtungsforschung,
D-5000 Koln 30, Federal Republic of Germany
GUY DELLA-CIOPPA (441), Plant Molecular Group, Monsanto
Company, Chesterfield, Missouri 63198
PAMELA DUNSMUIR (215), Advanced Genetic Sciences, Oakland,
California 94608
NINA V. FEDOROFF (101), Department of Embryology, Carnegie
Institution of Washington, Baltimore, Maryland 21210
ROBERT J . FERL (355), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
ROBERT FLUHR (133), Department of Plant Genetics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76 100
xi
xii
Contributors
MARC G. FORTIN 1 (329), Centre for Plant Molecular Biology,
Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
ROBERT T. FRALEY (197, 441), Plant Molecular Group, Monsanto
Company, Chesterfield, Missouri 63198
CHARLES S. GASSER (197), Plant Molecular Biology, Monsanto
Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63198
SARAH J . GILMOUR (263), Department of Crop and Soil Science,
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
BRUNO GRONENBORN (69),
Max-Planck-Institut fur
Zuchtungsforschung, D-5000 Koln 30, Federal Republic of Germany
KLAUS HAHLBROCK (155),
Max-Planck-Institut fur
Zuchtungsforschung, D-5000 Koln 30, Federal Republic of Germany
CYNTHIA HEMENWAY (405), Plant Molecular Biology, Division of
Biological Sciences, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63198
HOWARD P. HERSHEY (175), Ε. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company,
Agricultural Products Department, Wilmington, Delaware 19898
M A U D A. HINCHEE (197), Plant Molecular Biology, Monsanto
Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63198
HERMAN HOFTE (425), Plant Genetic Systems, N . V . , B-9000 GENT,
Belgium
ROBERT B. HORSCH (197), Plant Molecular Biology, Monsanto
Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63198
JANIS M. KELLER (175), Ε. I. Dupont de Nemours & Company,
Agricultural Products Department, Wilmington, Delaware 19898
JOE L. K E Y (297), Botany Department, University of Georgia, Athens,
Georgia 30602
GANESH M. KISHORE (441), Plant Molecular Group, Monsanto
Company, Chesterfield, Missouri 63198
HARRY J . KLEE (1), Plant Molecular Biology Group, Monsanto
Company, Chesterfield, Missouri 63198
VOLKER MATZEIT (69),
Max-Planck-Institut fur Zuchtungsforschung,
D-5000 Koln 30, Federal Republic of Germany
SHEILA MCCORMICK (197), Plant Molecular Biology, Monsanto
Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63198
RONALD T. N A G A O (297), Botany Department, University of Georgia,
Athens, Georgia 30602
STEPHEN R. PADGETTE (441), Plant Molecular Group, Monsanto
Company, Chesterfield, Missouri 63198
P r e s e n t address: Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60636.
Contributors
xiii
JERZY PASZKOWSKI (51), Institut for Plant Sciences, ETH-Zentrum,
Ch-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
ANNA-LISA PAUL (355), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
J. M. PETTITT (229), Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of
Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
INGO POTRYKUS (51), Institut for Plant Sciences, ETH-Zentrum,
Ch-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
PATRICIA A. POWELL (405), Department of Biology, Washington
University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
ARLETTE REYNAERTS (425), Plant Genetic Systems, N.V., B-9000 GENT,
Belgium
STEPHEN G. ROGERS (1), Plant Molecular Biology Group, Monsanto
Company, Chesterfield, Missouri 63198
MICHAEL W. SAUL (51), Institut for Plant Sciences, ETH-Zentrum,
Ch-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
JEFF SCHELL (155), Max-Planck-Institut fur Zuchtungsforschung,
D-5000 Koln 30, Federal Republic of Germany
DILIP M. SHAH (441), Plant Molecular Group, Monsanto Company,
Chesterfield, Missouri 63198
A L A N G. SMITH (197), Plant Molecular Biology, Monsanto Company,
St. Louis, Missouri 63198
TREVOR SUSLOW (215), Advanced Genetic Sciences, Oakland,
California 94608
JACQUES TEMPE (25), CHRS-UA 136, GAP-INRA, Institut de
Microbiologie, Universite de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
MICHAEL F. THOMASHOW (263), Department of Crop and Soil Science
and Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
NILGUN E. TUMER (405), Plant Molecular Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63198
MARK VAECK (425), Plant Genetic Systems, N.V., B-9000 GENT,
Belgium
DESH P A L S. VERMA 2 (329), Centre for Plant Molecular Biology,
Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Lous VAN VLOTEN-DOTING (371), Research Institute Ital, 6704 PJ
Wageningen, The Netherlands
2Present address: Biotechnology Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 432101002.
General Preface
Recent advances in the techniques and applications of plant cell
culture and plant molecular biology have created unprecedented
opportunities for the genetic manipulation of plants. The potential
impact of these novel and powerful biotechnologies on the genetic
improvement of crop plants has generated considerable interest,
enthusiasm, and optimism in the scientific community and is in part
responsible for the rapidly expanding biotechnology industry.
The anticipated role of biotechnology in agriculture is based not on
the actual production of any genetically superior plants, but on elegant
demonstrations in model experimental systems that new hybrids,
mutants, and genetically engineered plants can be obtained by these
methods and the presumption that the same procedures can be adapted
successfully for important crop plants. However, serious problems exist
in the transfer of this technology to crop species.
Most of the current strategies for the application of biotechnology to
crop improvement envisage the regeneration of whole plants from
single, genetically altered cells. In many instances this requires that
specific agriculturally important genes be identified and characterized,
that they be cloned, that their regulatory and functional controls be
understood, and that plants be regenerated from single cells in which
such gene material has been introduced and integrated in a stable
manner.
Knowledge of the structure, function, and regulation of plant genes
is scarce, and basic research in this area is still limited. On the other
hand, a considerable body of knowledge has accumulated in the last
fifty years on the isolation and culture of plant cells and tissues. For
example, it is possible to regenerate plants from tissue cultures of many
plant species, including several important agricultural crops. These
procedures are now widely used in large-scale rapid clonal propagation
of plants. Plant cell culture techniques also allow the isolation of mutant
XV