Ecology Chapter 3 Review
In what way are herbivores and carnivores alike?
The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their
environment is called ______________________.
The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the __________________.
Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT
a.
plant life.
b.
soil type.
c.
rainfall.
d.
temperature
Animals that get energy by eating the carcasses of other animals that have been killed by predators or
have died of natural causes are called _________________________.
Animals get the most of the nitrogen they need by consuming ____________________________and
___________________________.
What animals eat both producers and consumers?
Which of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight to live?
a.
chemosynthetic bacteria
b.
algae
c.
trees
d.
photosynthetic bacteria
What is happening to water in the figure above?
a.
Water is falling to the ground as precipitation.
b.
Water is evaporating from the ocean.
c.
Water is being taken up by plants through transpiration.
d.
Water is seeping into the ground to become groundwater.
Which part of the figure above shows transpiration?
a.
A on the left
b.
B on the left
c.
A on the right
d.
B on the right
The lowest level of environmental complexity that includes living and nonliving factors is the
a.
biome.
b.
community.
c.
ecosystem.
d.
biosphere.
Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
a.
Communities make up species, which make up populations.
b.
Populations make up species, which make up communities.
c.
Species make up communities, which make up populations.
d.
Species make up populations, which make up communities.
Because of biogeochemical cycling, ___________________are circulated throughout the biosphere.
What goes in Box 5 of the food web in Figure 3–2?
Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the
remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is eliminated as
_____________.
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web is trophic level.
A model of the complex feeding interactions among organisms in a community from producers to
decomposers is called a __________________________.
The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is
a.
a population.
b.
a community.
c.
an ecosystem.
d.
a species.
Matter can recycle through the biosphere because
a.
matter does not change into new compounds.
b.
matter is assembled into chemical compounds.
c.
biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it.
d.
biological systems use only carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
The following basic methods are used by ecologists to study the living world.
Experimenting, modeling and observing.
A word that means the same thing as consumer is _________________________.
Animals that feed on plants are called______________________________.
_____________ ________________ is important for ecosystems because it is used by plants during
photosynthesis.
In an ecological pyramid, the biomass of living things ________________________at each higher level.
Producers release ______________________into the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis.
Only about 10 percent of the ______________________in a trophic level is available to organisms at the
next trophic level.
The passage of energy from one organism to another according to a particular feeding sequence is called
a________________________________.
Clouds are formed in the sky when water______________________________.
Ecologists use tools such as binoculars and microscopes to ______________________changes in the
environment.
Ecologists make ____________________ to study large-scale phenomena, such as Earth’s water cycle
shown in Figure 3–5.
The water shown flowing over land in Figure 3–5 is called ____________________.
In the water cycle shown in Figure 3–5, the process of _________________________ occurs between
transpiration and precipitation.
Plant-eating animals such as cows are called ____________________.
Organisms within an ecosystem are ____________________ factors in that ecosystem.
Organisms that break down organic matter and return it to the environment are called________________.
Apply Concepts In Figure 3–4, would the snake obtain a greater percentage of the sun’s energy if it ate a
frog or if it ate a grasshopper? Explain your answer.
Describe the two sources of energy that fuel life on Earth, and explain how they do so.