Dangers of Bread !
When are we going to do something about
bread- induced global warming? Sure, we
attack tobacco companies, but when is the
government going to go after Big Bread?
Well, I've done a little research, and what
I've discovered should make anyone think
twice....
More than 98 percent of convicted felons are
bread eaters.
Fully HALF of all children who grow up in
bread-consuming households score below
average on standardized tests.
In the 18th century, when virtually all bread
was baked in the home, the average life
expectancy was less than 50 years; infant
mortality rates were unacceptably high;
many women died in childbirth; and
diseases such as typhoid, yellow fever and
influenza ravaged whole nations.
More than 90 percent of violent crimes are
committed within 24 hours of eating bread.
Bread is made from a substance called
"dough." It has been proven that as little as
one pound of dough can be used to
suffocate a mouse. The average American
eats more bread than that in one month!
Primitive tribal societies that have no bread
exhibit a low occurrence of cancer,
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease and
osteoporosis.
Bread has been proven to be addictive.
Subjects deprived of bread and given only
water to eat begged for bread after only two
days.
Bread is often a "gateway" food item,
leading the user to "harder" items such as
butter, jelly, peanut butter and even cold
cuts.
Bread has been proven to absorb water.
Since the human body is more than 90
percent water, it follows that eating bread
could lead to your body being taken over by
this absorptive food product, turning you into
a soggy, gooey bread-pudding person.
Newborn babies can choke on bread.
Bread is baked at temperatures as high as
400 degrees Fahrenheit! That kind of heat
can kill an adult in less than one minute.
Most American bread eaters are utterly
unable to distinguish between significant
scientific fact and meaningless statistical
babbling.
In light of these frightening statistics, we
propose the following bread restrictions:
No sale of bread to minors.
No advertising of bread within 1000 feet of a
school.
A 300 percent federal tax on all bread to pay
for all the societal ills we might associate
with bread.
No animal or human images, nor any
primary colors (which may appeal to
children) may be used to promote bread
usage.
A $4.2 zillion fine on the three biggest bread
manufacturers
THE MOLECULAR BASIS
OF INHERITANCE
General Biology
SUNY Orange at S. S. S. I.
Transformation of bacteria
T4 Bacteriophage
http://www.nsf.gov/news
/news_videos.jsp?org
=NSF&cntn_id=10042
0&media_id=51295
http://www.scivee.tv/nod
e/4634
Phages
Hershey-Chase experiment: phages
Hershey-Chase experiment
Chargaff’s Rules
In any given species examined,
amount of A equaled the amount of
T
Also the amount of G equaled the
amount of C
However, the ratio of A + T / G + C
was unique to each species
Watson and Crick
James Watson
Video
Rosalind Franklin and her X-ray diffraction photo of DNA
The structure of a DNA stand
Purine and pyridimine
Base pairing in DNA
The double helix
Three alternative models of DNA replication
The Meselson-Stahl experiment
Replication Video
video
DNA replication: the basic concept
Origins of replication in eukaryotes
Incorporation of a nucleotide into a DNA
strand
The two strands of DNA are antiparallel
What is wrong with this rug?
Priming DNA synthesis with RNA
Synthesis of leading and lagging strands
DNA pol III synthesizes
leading strand continuously
Parental
DNA
3
5
DNA pol III starts DNA
synthesis at 3 end of primer,
continues in 5  3 direction
5
3
5
Primase synthesizes
a short RNA primer
Lagging strand synthesized
in short Okazaki fragments,
later joined by DNA ligase
3
5
Overview
Origin of replication
Lagging strand
Leading strand
Leading strand
Lagging strand
Overall directions
of replication
Single-strand
binding protein
Helicase
5
Leading strand
3
DNA pol III
3
Parental DNA
Primer
5
Primase
3
DNA pol III
Lagging strand
5
4
DNA pol I
3 5
3
2
DNA ligase
1
3
5
Replication Video
Video
BioInteractive
Nucleotide excision repair of DNA damage
The end-replication problem
Telomeres and telomerase
Telomeres of mouse chromosomes
Chromatid
(700 nm)
30-nm fiber
Loops
Scaffold
300-nm fiber
Replicated
chromosome
(1,400 nm)
30-nm fiber
Looped domains
(300-nm fiber)
Metaphase
chromosome
Nucleosome
(10 nm in diameter)
DNA
double helix
(2 nm in diameter)
H1
Histones
DNA, the double helix
Histones
Histone tail
Nucleosomes, or “beads
on a string” (10-nm fiber)
RESULTS
Condensin and
DNA (yellow)
Outline
Condensin
of nucleus (green)
Normal cell nucleus
DNA (red at
periphery)
Mutant cell nucleus
G
C
A
T
A
T
G
Sugar-phosphate
backbone
C
A
C
C
Nitrogenous
bases
G
T
G
Hydrogen bond
T
A
Fig. 16-UN4
Fig. 16-UN5