Classification (Day 1)
• Taxonomy: The science of naming or
classifying organisms.
Classification
• Classify – To group things together based
on similarities.
• Trait – feature that a living thing has
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• Aristotle (2000+ years ago) – Greek
scientist, first person to classify life
– Two main groups:
• PLANTS
• ANIMALS
– More specific
• Trees
• Shrubs
• Herbs
*Land
*Water
*Air
ANIMALS
• Cat / Dog
– Land
• Fly
– Air / Land
• Bear
– Land
• Shark
– Water
• Butterfly
– Land / Air
• Hawk
– Air / Land
• Lizard
– Land
• Sea Otter
– Water / Land
• Fish
– Water
• Mosquitos
– Water / Air / Land
PLANTS
• Cherry Tree
– Tree
• Grass
– Herb
• Hedges
– Shrub
• Rose
– Herb
• Mushroom
– ????
• Daisy
– Herb
• Bushes
– Shrub
• Oak
– Tree
• Moss
– Herb
• Tomato plant
– ????
• Carolus Linnaeus (1735) – Developed a
new system
• Two main groups called Kingdoms
– Kingdom Animalia
– Kingdom Plantae
• Then he created more specific groups
– Genus
– species
– He gave organisms two names that were
based on their traits
• Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens
•
Today, we have 7 groups for classifying
living things.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens
• King Philip Came Over For Good spaghetti
• Create your own mnemonic device for the
classification system (make sure it’s
appropriate…)
Classification
•
Organisms are classified based on the
following ways:
1.
2.
3.
4.
How related they are
Ancestry
Body Structures
DNA
1. Classifying by Relatedness
Classifying the House Cat
Group
GROUP NAME
Group trait
ANIMALIA
Many cells/eats food
CHORDATA
Rod-like structure
along back for
support
MAMMALIA
Nurse young, hair
CARNIVORE
Eats meat, large
teeth
FELIDAE
Sharp claws, large
eyes
FELIS
Small cats
CATUS
Tame
Comparing House Cat and Lion
House Cat Lion
Comparison
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Carnivore
Carnivore
Family
Felidae
Felidae
Genus
Felis
Panthera
species
catus
leo
Comparing House Cat and Shark
House Cat Shark
Comparison
Kingdom Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia Chondrichthyes
Order
Carnivore
Lamniformes
Family
Felidae
Lamnidae
Genus
Felis
Carcharodon
species
catus
carcharius
Comparing House Cat and Button Mushroom
House Cat Mushroom
Comparison
Kingdom Animalia
Fungus
Phylum
Chordata
Basidiomycota
Class
Mammalia
Homobasidiomycete
Order
Carnivore
Agaricales
Family
Felidae
Agaricaceae
Genus
Felis
Agaricus
species
catus
bisporis
2. Classifying by Ancestors
• Ancestor – related organism that lived some
time in the past
• Which 2 do you think would have the most
ancestors in common?
3. Classifying by Body Structure
• Homologous structures – similar in
structure but differ in function
Examples
Limbs of:
Humans
Cats
Whales
Bats
4. Classifying by DNA
• DNA comparisons – Comparing the DNA
sequences of organisms can show how
closely related they are.