Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
SOLAR RADIATION OBSERVATIONS AT THE
GROUND-BASED RADIATION MONITORING
COMPLEX IN REP. of MOLDOVA
Alexandr Aculinin1), Vladimir Smicov1), Brent Holben2), Alexander Smirnov3),
Thomas Eck3), Albert Policarpov1), Vitaly Graciov1), George Balan4)
1)Atmospheric
Research Group, , Institute of Applied Physics, Academy of Sciences of
Moldova, 5 Academiei Str., Kishinev, MD-2028, Moldova; e-mail: [email protected]
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Code 614.4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
3)Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology (GEST) Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore
County, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Code 614.4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
2)
4)
Dept. of Fundamental Sciences, Engineering Faculty of Braila, Galatz University “Dunare
de Jos”, 29 Calea Calarasilor Str., Romania; tel./fax : + 40 239 612572,
e-mail: [email protected]
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
Kishinev site coordinates
Latitude: 47.0013 N
Longitude: 28.8156 E
elevation: 205 m a.s.l.
Location:
City: Kishinev (or Chisinau),
Country: Republic of Moldova
Address: 5 Academiei Str.,
Zip code: MD-2028
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
GROUND-BASED SOLAR RADIATION MONITORING STATION
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
Atmospheric Research Group (ARG)
ARG Team:(from left to right) Vladimir Smicov, Albert Policarpov,
Alexandr Aculinin and Vitali Graciov
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
GROUND-BASED SOLAR RADIATION MONITORING STATION
Structural elements (radiometric
complex, sun photometer, weather
station, ozonometer) of the groundbased station are working in
automatic mode and can be remotely
controlled by two PCs placed in
Laboratory.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
GROUND-BASED SOLAR RADIATION MONITORING STATION
consists of
•
Radiometric multifunctional complex for continuous measurements of the
solar and atmosphere radiation from UV-B to IR. Complex is equipped with
the modern Solar Radiation Sensors , Active solar tracking unit 2AP BD, and
Data logger CR10X SM4M (Kipp&Zonen, the Netherlands). Moving and
stationary platforms are integrated into the radiometric complex to measure
global, diffuse and direct components of solar radiation.
•
Automatic weather station MiniMET (Skye Instruments, Ltd.).
•
Ozonometer MICROTOPS II (Solar Light Co.).
•
Sunphotometer CIMEL CE-318 (CIMEL Electronique ).
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
SOLAR RADIATION SENSORS
UV-S-B-C for UV-B (global, diffuse) 280 – 315 nm;
UV-S-A-C for UV-A (global) 315 – 400 nm;
CM-11 for Solar radiation (global, diffuse) 305 – 2800 nm;
CH-1 for Solar radiation (direct) 200 – 4000 nm;
PAR Lite for Photosynthetically Active Radiation (global) 400–700 nm;
SP Lite for Solar radiation (global) 400 – 1100 nm;
CG-1 for Infrared radiation (global) 4 – 42 um.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
SOLAR RADIATION SENSORS
CM-11
UV-S-B-C/ UV-S-A-C
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
SOLAR RADIATION SENSORS
SP & PAR Lite
CG-1
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
SOLAR RADIATION SENSORS
Sensors: CH-1 (direct) at the foreground and UV-S-B-C (diffuse) at background
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
RADIOMETRIC MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPLEX
(OPTICS)
Solar radiation sensors are installed both on:
- mounting table (stationary platform) and
- solar tracking 2AP BD unit (moving platform).
The sensors intended for direct and diffuse solar irradiance
measurements( CM-11, CH-1 and UV-S-B-C) are installed on the
mounting table of the sun tracking 2AP BD unit. Radiometric sensors
for global solar irradiance measurements (CM-11, UB-S-B-C, UV-SA-C, CG-1, PARLite, SPLite) are installed on specially designed
adapters for each sensor and these adapters are fixed to the mounting
table.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
RADIOMETRIC MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPLEX
(ELECTRONICS)
All units and sensors are assembled into the radiometric measuring
complex which is installed on the roof of Institute building (~ 30 meters
apart from the Lab). The sensors are connected with the CR10X data
logger (Campbell Scientific, Ltd.) for reading, processing and logging
(storing) data from each of sensors. To increase number of active
differential channels connected with sensors, it is used AM25T
Thermocouple Multiplexer. The memory capacity of CR10X data logger
was increased up to 4Mb by using the Storage Module SM4M. This
memory capacity is enough to store data from all active channels for
the period of ~ 50 days with the scan rate of 1 sec and averaging and
logging interval of 1 minute. For set up purposes and data retrieving
from data loggers, the last ones are communicated with the PC in Lab.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
MOVING PLATFORM OF RADIOMETRIC COMPLEX
Automatic solar tracking unit 2AP BD
with solar sensors (front view):
- CM11 for diffuse solar radiation;
- UV-S-B-C for diffuse UV-B radiation;
- CH1 for direct solar radiation
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
MOVING PLATFORM OF RADIOMETRIC COMPLEX
Automatic solar tracking unit 2AP BD with solar sensors (top view)
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
STATIONARY PLATFORM OF RADIOMETRIC COMPLEX
Measuring stationary platform with sensors UV-S-B-C, CG-1, CM-11, and UV-S-A-C (see
clockwise); sensors PAR Lite and SP Lite are mounted in the center of frame.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
STATIONARY PLATFORM OF RADIOMETRIC COMPLEX
(Front view):
Measuring stationary platform with
radiometric sensors and data logger CR10X
with memory module SM 4M housed in a
weather-resistant NEMA 4X enclosure.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
DATALOGGER CR10X
The ‘brain’ of the radiometric complex
Updated Datalogger CR10X consists of 6
differential channels and processor, memory
module SM 4M and multiplexer AM25T (
with 32 channels):
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
scan rate (for each channel): 1 Hz ;
averaging interval: 1 minute;
logging interval: 1 minute;
data archiving rate: ~ 12 Mb/month;
Memory capacity: 4 Mb
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION (AWS) MINIMET
Automatic weather station MiniMet
with DataHog 2 datalogger for
measurement and storage of the basic
surface meteorological elements
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION (AWS) MINIMET
(1)
period of operation: since June 17, 2003;
(2)
measuring values: air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity,
wind mean velocity and direction, solar irradiance in the wavelength range
400 – 1100 nm, and solar UV-B irradiance (280 – 315 nm);
(3) scan rate (for each channel): 0.1 Hz ;
(4) averaging interval: 5 minutes;
(5) logging interval: 5 minutes;
(6) data archiving rate: 1,2 Mb/month.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
MICROTOPS II Ozonometer
MICROTOPS II Ozonometer (Solar Light, USA) for measurements of the
total ozone content, water vapor and aerosol optical thickness
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
MICROTOPS II Ozonometer
(1) period of operation: since July 7, 2003;
(2) measuring values:
- - total ozone content (accuracy ~ 2%);
- - solar UV irradiance at three discrete wavelengths (305.5, 312.5 and 320.0
nm with 2nm FWHM);
- - total water vapor content (936 nm with 10nm FWHM);
- - aerosol optical thickness (1020 nm with 10 nm FWHM);
(3) data archiving rate: 50-70 Kb/month;
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
SEASONAL VIEW OF THE SOLAR RADIATION MONITORING
STATION
winter
autumn
spring
summer
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
ARG TEAM AT THE SOLAR RADIATION MONITORING STATION
Alexandr
Aculinin
Vladimir
Smicov
Vitali
Graciov
Albert
Policarpov
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET): A Federation of
International Collaborators
Responsible NASA Official: Brent N. Holben, AERONET Project Head, NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA Code 914.4; http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
AERONET instrumentation: Sunphotometer
CIMEL CE-318
Sunphotometer CIMEL CE-318 in operation at the Kishinev site
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
AERONET :
LONG TERM MEASUREMENTS FOR AEROSOL
RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Objectives:
-validation of satellite aerosol retrievals;
-characterization of aerosol optical properties;
-synergism with satellite observations, climate models;
- provide mesoscale observations during regional field campaigns.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
AERONET :
LONG TERM MEASUREMENTS FOR AEROSOL
RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Project products:
-aerosol optical thickness (depth) climatology;
-aerosol size distributions;
-complex refractive index of aerosol particles;
-single scattering albedo;
-direct sun measurements at wavelengths of 340, 380, 440, 500, 670, 870,
940 and 1020 nm;
- sky radiance in four spectral bands (440, 670, 870 and 1020 nm) along the
solar principal plane and along the solar almucantar.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
SOLAR IRRADIANCE MEASUREMENTS
Diurnal variation of the direct (1), global (2) and diffuse (3) components of the solar
radiation on horizontal plane measured at the Kishinev ground station during April 4, 2004
(cloud free day).
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
SOLAR IRRADIANCE MEASUREMENTS
Diurnal variation of the direct (1), global (2) and diffuse (3) components of the solar
radiation on horizontal plane measured at the Kishinev ground station during May 28,
2004 (partially cloudy day).
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
UV-B IRRADIANCE MEASUREMENTS
Time series of the monthly totals of the global solar UV-B erythemal radiation on horizontal
plane measured at the Kishinev during 2004-2005.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
UV-A IRRADIANCE MEASUREMENTS
Time series of the monthly totals of the global solar UV-A radiation on horizontal plane
measured at the Kishinev during 2004-2005.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS
Time series of monthly mean values of the aerosol optical thickness at 500 nm observed at
the Kishinev site during September 1999-December 2005
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS
Seasonal variation of the spectral aerosol optical thickness for cloud free atmosphere retrieved
from direct sun measurements at the Kishinev site during period from 2003 to 2004 .
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
TOTAL COLUMN OZONE MEASUREMENTS
Time series of the monthly mean values of total ozone content measured with
MICROTOPS II ozonometer at the Kishinev site from 2003 to 2004.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
SURFACE METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS MEASUREMENTS
Time series of monthly mean values of the air temperature and pressure, and relative humidity
observed at the ground station during 2004-2005.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
WIND ROSE MEASUREMENTS
Combined wind rose observed at the ground station during 2004-2005. Frequency of
occurrence of calm episodes is shown in the center of figure.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
RESULTS
1. For the first time in Moldova it was established ground-based solar radiation
monitoring station. The station was equipped with the modern
instrumentation and is placed in an urban environment of Kishinev.
2. Monitoring of radiative properties of the atmosphere in an urban environment
of Kishinev is carrying out on continuous basis since the October 2003.
3. Total column ozone content measurements are made on regular basis since
the July 2003.
4. Basic surface meteorological observations are carrying out on continuous basis
since the June 2003.
5. New experimental data on solar irradiance from UV-B through IR, total column
ozone content, and main meteorological elements were obtained.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
COLLABORATION
Since 2003 we have been submitting UV-B erythemal irradiance data and total column
ozone content to the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Centre (WOUDC), Toronto,
Canada within the framework frame of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
COLLABORATION
Ground based station was registered in database of the WOUDC with ID# STN455
ASM ARG (Academy of Sciences of Moldova - Atmospheric Research Group)
(http://www.woudc.org/currentcontributors_e.html ).
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
COLLABORATION
Since 2003 we have been submitting shortwave and longwave solar radiation components
to the World Radiation Data Center (WRDC), St.Petersburg, Russia within the framework
frame of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme (see http://wrdc.mgo.rssi.ru/ ).
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
COLLABORATION
Ground-based solar radiation monitoring station was registered in GAW Station Information
System as Regional fixed station in WMO RA VI - Europe . GAW SIS is managed by Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
(see http://www.empa.ch/gaw/gawsis/reports.asp?StationID=-739518802 )
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
COLLABORATION
Research group continues to work within the framework of the Aerosol Robotic Network
(AERONET) Program of long term measurements for aerosol research, managed by
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, USA (http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov ).
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
COLLABORATION
Research group continues to work within the framework of the Solar Radiation Network
(SolRad-Net) Program of long term solar radiation measurements, managed by
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, USA ( http://solrad-net.gsfc.nasa.gov ).
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
COLLABORATION
Cooperation work with Prof. Atsumu Ohmura from the Institute for
Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH within the SCOPES 2005-2008
research program from the Swiss NSF.
Atmospheric Research Group
Centre of Material Sciences , Institute of Applied Physics AS Moldova
THANK YOU!