Table S1- List of all published papers included in the review, with the type of contaminant and ecosystems components studied, the
endpoints of functioning measured and the appropriateness of the experimental design. Combined benthic – several groups = more than
one benthic ecosystem component studied (e.g. benthic primary producers and consumers); combined benthic and pelagic = when
organisms from pelagic and benthic systems were included in the study; Gross Primary productivity = primary productivity measured
via Carbon uptake; GF – measured via gas flux; FL – measured via fluorescence. Combination = when more than one type of contaminant
was studied (e.g. hydrocarbons and organic compounds or metal and hydrocarbons).
Reference
Ecosystem component
Contaminant
Design
Alsterberg et al. (2007)
combined benthic - several groups
Metal
Appropriate design
Arrhenius et al. (2004)
Banks (2003)
Bennett et al. (2000)
benthic primary producers
pelagic primary producers
benthic primary producers
Herbicides
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Problem: controls
Problem: both
Bester et al. (1995)
pelagic primary producers
Herbicides
Problem: replication
Biggs et al. (1978)
Blanck and Dahl (1996)
pelagic primary producers
benthic primary producers
Combination
TBT
Appropriate design
Appropriate design
Blanck and Wangberg (1991)
benthic primary producers
Metal
Appropriate design
Blanck and Wangberg (1988a)
benthic primary producers
Metal
Appropriate design
Blanck and Wangberg (1988b)
benthic primary producers
Metal
Appropriate design
Bolam et al. (2011)
Boyd et al. (2005)
benthic invertebrates
benthic microorganisms
Combination
Metal
Unclear
Problem: controls
Breitburg et al. (1999)
combined benthic and pelagic
Metal
Appropriate design
Bu-Olayan et al. (2001)
pelagic primary producers
Metal
Problem: replication
Endpoints measured
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Grazing
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Secondary productivity
Secondary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Gross Primary productivityGF
Gross primary productivityFL
Chlorophyll a
Gross Primary productivityGF
Bundy et al. (2003)
combined benthic and pelagic
Metal
Appropriate design
Burns et al. (1993)
benthic primary producers
Hydrocarbons
Problem: controls
Carman et al. (1995)
combined benthic - several groups
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Carman et al. (1997)
combined benthic - several groups
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Carman et al. (2000)
combined benthic - several groups
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Caroppo et al. (2006)
pelagic primary producers
Carpenter et al. (1972)
pelagic primary producers
Metal
Organic compounds
Other
Cavari and Colwell (1988)
benthic microorganisms
Other
Problem: both
Dahl and Blanck (1996a)
benthic primary producers
Herbicides
Problem: replication
Dahl and Blanck (1996b)
benthic primary producers
TBT
Appropriate design
Dahl et al. (1983)
combined phyto- and zooplankton
Hydrocarbons
Problem: replication
Dahllof et al. (2001)
Dahllof et al. (1999)
Dauvin (1998)
Davies and Sleep (1979)
DeLorenzo et al. (1999a)
DeLorenzo et al. (1999b)
benthic invertebrates
benthic invertebrates
benthic invertebrates
pelagic primary producers
benthic microorganisms
benthic microorganisms
TBT
TBT
Hydrocarbons
Metal
Herbicides
Herbicides
Problem: replication
Appropriate design
Problem: controls
Unclear
Problem: replication
Appropriate design
Appropriate design
Appropriate design
Biomass
Gross Primary productivityGF
Net primary productivity
Respiration
P/R
Gross primary productivity
Bacterial primary production
Grazing
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Grazing
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Grazing
Bacterial primary production
Biomass
Gross primary productivity
Bacterial primary production
Biomass
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Gross Primary productivityGF
Chlorophyll a
Biomass
Nutrient cycle/flux
Secondary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Devilla et al. (2005)
pelagic primary producers
Herbicides
Hydrocarbons
Organic compound
Appropriate design
Gross primary productivity
Echeveste et al. (2010)
pelagic primary producers
Appropriate design
Chlorophyll a
Eppley et al. (1976)
pelagic primary producers
Other
Unclear
Farina et al. (2003)
combined benthic - several groups
Metal
Problem: replication
Gilde and Pinckney (2012)
pelagic primary producers
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Gonzalez et al. (2009)
Gordon and Prouse (1973)
Griffiths et al. (1981a)
pelagic primary producers
pelagic primary producers
benthic microorganisms
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Hydrocarbons
Unclear
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Secondary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Gross primary productivityFL
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Respiration
Griffiths et al. (1981b)
pelagic primary producers
benthic microorganisms
Gustafsson et al. (2010)
combined phyto- and zooplankton
Herbicides
Appropriate design
Gustavson et al. (1999)
pelagic primary producers
Metal
Problem: replication
Hallare et al. (2011)
pelagic primary producers
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Harding (1976)
pelagic primary producers
Appropriate design
Harrison et al. (1986)
pelagic primary producers
Organic compounds
Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds
Metal
Problem: replication
Nutrient flux/cycle
Unclear
Gross primary productivity
Nutrient flux/cycle
Gross primary productivity
Bacterial productivity
Harrison and Davies (1977)
Harrison et al. (1977)
Hjorth et al. (2008)
combined phyto- and zooplankton
pelagic primary producers
combined phyto- and zooplankton
Metal
Metal
Problem: replication
Appropriate design
Gross primary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Bacterial productivity
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivityGF
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivityGF
Gross primary productivity
Nutrient flux/cycle
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Bacterial productivity
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Bacterial productivity
Hjorth et al. (2006)
combined phyto- and zooplankton
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Hjorth et al. (2007)
combined phyto- and zooplankton
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Hsiao et al. (1978)
pelagic primary producers
Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds
Combination
Unclear
Gross primary productivity
Iseki et al. (1981)
combined phyto- and zooplankton
Organic compounds
Problem: both
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Respiration
TBT
Appropriate design
Chlorophyll a
Hydrocarbons
Problem: replication
Jak et al. (1998)
Johansson et al. (1980)
combined phyto- and zooplankton
combined phyto- and zooplankton
Kelly et al. (1999)
pelagic primary producers
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Kline and Stekoll (2001)
benthic invertebrates
Mine related
Appropriate design
Kuiper (1981)
combined phyto- and zooplankton
Metal
Appropriate design
Kusk and Nyholm (1992)
pelagic primary producers
Organic compounds
Unclear
Levings et al. (2004)
pelagic primary producers
combined pelagic - several groups Metal
combined benthic and pelagic
combined benthic and pelagic
Metal
Levings et al. (2005)
pelagic primary producers
Metal
Appropriate design
Linden et al. (1987)
combined benthic and pelagic
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Laursen et al. (2002)
Problem: replication
Problem: replication
Gross primary productivity
Net primary productivity
Respiration
P/R
Biomass
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Biomass
Gross primary productivity
Gross primary productivityGF
Respiration
P/R
Nutrient flux/cycle
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Combination
Mayer-Pinto et al. (2011)
benthic primary producers
Metal
Appropriate design
Molander et al. (1992)
Molander et al. (1990)
benthic primary producers
benthic primary producers
Combination
Organic compounds
Problem: both
Problem: replication
Montagna et al. (1987)
combined benthic - several groups
Hydrocarbons
Problem: replication
Montagna and Spies (1985)
combined benthic - several groups
Problem: replication
Moore and Harriss (1972)
pelagic primary producers
Unclear
Gross primary productivity
Nayar et al. (2004)
Neira et al. (2011)
benthic primary producers
combined benthic - several groups
Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds
Herbicides
Hydrocarbons
Metal
Net primary productivity
Gross primary productivityGF
Chlorophyll a
Nutrient flux/cycle
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivityFL
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Secondary productivity
Biomass
Chlorophyll a
Appropriate design
Problem: controls
Oconnors et al. (1978)
pelagic primary producers
Organic compounds
Appropriate design
Ohwada et al. (2003)
combined pelagic - several groups
Hydrocarbons
Problem: replication
Parsons et al. (1984)
combined phyto- and zooplankton
Organic compounds
Combination
Problem: replication
benthic primary producers
pelagic primary producers
Other (chlorine)
Metal
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Secondary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivityFL
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Respiration
Nutrient flux/cycle
Gross primary productivity
Bacterial productivity
Lohrer et al. (2011)
Maraldo and Dahllof (2004)
Patil and Jagadeesan (2011)
Perez et al. (2006)
Petersen et al. (2008)
Petersen et al. (2009)
combined benthic and pelagic
pelagic primary producers
combined benthic - several groups
combined benthic - several groups
Metal
Problem: both
Metal
Appropriate design
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Appropriate design
Problem: controls
Appropriate design
Petersen and Gustavson (2000)
pelagic primary producers
TBT
Appropriate design
Petersen and Gustavson (1998)
pelagic primary producers
TBT
Problem: replication
Piehler et al. (2003)
benthic primary producers
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Plantecuny et al. (1993)
combined benthic - several groups
Hydrocarbons
Problem: replication
Pollehne et al. (1999)
combined pelagic - several groups
Herbicides
Problem: replication
combined pelagic - several groups
Other (Latex and
Tygon)
Appropriate design
Rajamohan et al. (2010)
pelagic primary producers
Combination
Problem: replication
Riedel et al. (2003)
combined benthic and pelagic
Metal
Appropriate design
Rochelle-Newall et al. (2008)
benthic microorganisms
Metal
Appropriate design
Sanders and Cibik (1985)
Sanders and Cibik (1988)
pelagic primary producers
pelagic primary producers
Metal
Metal
Appropriate design
Unclear
Sargian et al. (2005)
pelagic primary producers
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Sargian et al. (2007)
pelagic primary producers
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Saward et al. (1975)
combined benthic and pelagic
Metal
Unclear
pelagic primary producers
Combination
Hydrocarbons
Problem: replication
Price et al. (1986)
Siron et al. (1996)
Chlorophyll a
Nutrient flux/cycle
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll a
Nutrient cycle/flux
Gross primary productivity
Bacterial productivity
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Bacterial productivity
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Biomass
Gross primary productivity
Bacterial productivity
Chlorophyll a
Biomass
Chlorophyll a
Bacterial productivity
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivityFL
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll a
Suderman and Thistle (2004)
pelagic primary producers
Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds
Appropriate design
Sundback et al. (2007)
combined benthic and pelagic
Metal
Appropriate design
Thomas et al. (1977)
pelagic primary producers
Metal
Problem: replication
Thomas et al. (1981)
pelagic primary producers
Hydrocarbons
Appropriate design
Vaccaro et al. (1977)
pelagic primary producers
combined phyto- and zooplankton
Metal
Problem: replication
Hydrocarbons
Unclear
Vestheim et al. (2012)
combined phyto- and zooplankton
Wangberg and Blanck (1990)
benthic primary producers
Hydrocarbons
Herbicides
Combination
Metal
Wiegner et al. (2003)
combined benthic and pelagic
Metal
Problem: both
Wolter et al. (1984)
pelagic primary producers
Metal
Problem: replication
Varela et al. (2006)
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Gross primary productivityGF
Net primary productivity
Bacterial productivity
Nutrient cycle/flux
Chlorophyll a
Respiration
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Biomass
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Bacterial productivity
Gross primary productivity
Chlorophyll a
Appropriate design
Chlorophyll a
Unclear
Gross primary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Respiration
P/R
Gross primary productivity
Bacterial productivity
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