WHAT IS CONCRETE?
AIR – 6%
CEMENT – 11 %
COARSE AGGREGATE (gravel) – 41%
FINE AGGREGATE (sand) 26%
WATER – 16%
Concrete is formed when cement reacts with water in a process called ‘Hydration’.
TERMS TO REMEMBER
Important terms:
Cement-
A hydraulic mixture, without
aggregate, consisting of a calcined mixture of
clay and pulverized limestone
Concrete - A composition material consisting
of Portland Cement, aggregate, and water. When
mixed together, will result in a chemical action
that will set and harden into rock-like mass.
Mortar - A plastic mixture of cement ,
water, and fine aggregates which combine
together through a chemical process of
crystallization to form a hardened solid that
bonds building units together.
Masonry - Walls built by a mason,
using brick, stone, tile or similar
materials.
Damage caused by moisture - SPALLING
Spalling is the breaking apart of concrete
or break caused by internal pressure.
Spalling is caused by water freezing
in the substrate.
Spalling can also occur when rebar
rusts and expands. Rusting can be
caused by moisture, salts, or low pH.
Damage caused by moisture - EFFLORESCENCE
Efflorescence -Salt crystals
(florescence) carried to the surface by
moisture. It should be removed ASAP
with a mild acid wash. It becomes
increasingly difficult to remove
overtime.
crypto-florescence - florescence not
visible on the original surface.
The pressure exerted by the growing crystals
may damage the masonry and cause coatings
to peel.
Damage caused by moisture – INTERIOR EFFLORESCENCE
INTERIOR EFFLORESCENCE
Water will penetrate
interior walls and cause
efflorescence and mold
1)
Which ingredient is not normally found in concrete?
a) Cement b) Air c) Water d) Gravel e) Clay
2)
Concrete is formed when water reacts with cement in a
process called ___________?
3)
Efflorescence is caused by water freezing in concrete? T - F
CONSTRUCTION METHODS - SINGE OR DOUBLE WYTHE WALLS
WYTHE
- The vertical section of a wall that is equal to the width of the masonry unit
DOUBLE WYTHE
SINGLE WYTHE
Air space
Br
ick
Bl
oc
k
lay
er
lay
er
SINGLE WYTHE CONSTRUCTION
EXTERIOR
SINGLE
WYTHE
INTERIOR
CONSTRUCTION METHODS - MORTAR JOINTS
Leaks frequently occur due to
cracked or missing mortar.
Particularly around head joints
Head joint
Bed joint
CONSTRUCTION METHODS - MORTAR JOINTS
SQUEEZED
GOOD
FLUSH
GOOD
raked
RAKED
POOR
“V” JOINT
BEST
CONCAVE
BEST
concave
BEAD
GOOD
CONSTRUCTION DESIGN - PARAPET WALLS
Many block buildings have flat roofs with a parapet wall extending above the
roof line.
Parapet wall must be capped and the backside waterproofed to prevent
water from entering the wall.
cap
Backside must be
waterproofed
Cracked mortar cap on parapet
wall – not acceptable
Exterior
wall
extends
above
roof line
roof
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS - BLOCK WEIGHT AND DENSITY
BLOCK IS MANUFACTURED IN THREE WEIGHTS:
• LIGHTWEIGHT – 35 LBS.
• MEDIUM WEIGHT – 50 LBS
• NORMAL WEIGHT - > 60 LBS
PRODUCTIVITYMedium weight – 150 blocks per day
Light weight – 193 blocks per day
Light weight block is more expensive and generally
much more absorbent.
TILT UP
CMU
Concrete Block = “CMU”
– Concrete Masonry Unit
CAST-INPLACE
Cast concrete – Concrete
placed in forms that are
removed after the
concrete hardens.
CAST-INPLACE
BRICK MASONRY &
STONE
STUCCO &
STONE
Decorative Block is porous
Use of decorative concrete block
increased by 117%* between 1997 and
2002 (Source: US Economic Census)
STYLES OF DECORATIVE BLOCK
FUL
S
CE
A
F
L
PL I
T
USE OF DECORATIVE BLOCK INCREASED 113%
FROM 1997 FROM $ 213 M TO
$455 M IN 2002.
Decorative block
(screen, split, slump,
etc.)
12%
FLUTED
SPLIT FACE
TOTAL -Concrete
block and brick
88%
WIRE CUT
H
OT
O
SM FACE
SCORED
FULL FACE SPLIT
Illustration Source:
www.countymaterials.com
TESTING THE POROSITY USING A RILEM TUBE
Condition
Water
Loss
(mL)
Uncoated
5
Very porous
2
Porous
.5
Dense
3
Poor protection
.5
Good protection
0
Excellent protection
Coated
Rating
(3 minute test)
TEST AREA MOCK-UP OF WATER REPELLENT
Results of RILEM test indicate
application rate of the correct
product. A test area should be
applied with the permission of the
property owner.
Mock-up may darken block
A flood coat applied by low pressure airless or
garden sprayer from bottom to top.
A transparent treatment that
reduces absorption without hiding
the surfaces or changing the texture
A opaque coating that stops water
from passing through the substrate.
1)
The vertical section of a masonry wall is called a?
a) Course b) Width c) Wythe d) Unit
2)
Leaks in mortar joints are more common at the?
a) Bed Joint b) Head Joint c) Expansion Joint
3)
It generally takes how long to run a RILEM tube test?
a) Four minutes b) Three minutes c) Two Minutes
4)
The top and backside of a parapet wall must be sealed with?
a) Metal b) Roof Membrane c) Elastomeric d) Any of the above
CLEAR OR TRANSPARENT
PIGMENTED
BREATHABLE
HIDES SURFACE DEFECTS
REDUCES WATER
ABSORPTION
VARIOUS LEVELS OF VAPOR
TRANSMISSION
STOPS WIND DRIVEN RAIN
SOME RESIST HYDROSTATIC
PRESSURE
Zinsser offers a complete line of water repellents for exterior
vertical concrete and masonry surfaces
OKON Water Repellent Sealers
For Porous Surfaces
For Dense Surfaces
Micro-PlugTM – creates a
hydrophobic barrier by
plugging the pores and
preventing water
absorption.
Siloxane – creates a
hydrophic surface by the
siloxane attaching to the
silica to repel water
absorption.
OKON Plugger (20%)
OKON Plus Color (15%)
OKON W-2 (10%)
WeatherPro Multi-Surface (8%)
OKON W-1 (5%)
OKON S-20 Siloxane
OKON S-40 Siloxane
SPLIT FACE
SPLIT & GROUND FACE
SMOOTH FACE
PRECAST PANELS
OKON W-1 for dense surfaces
Water-Repellent Sealer for Dense Concrete
With MicroPlug™ Technology
For use on cast concrete, tilt-up panels, unglazed
brick
Water-Base, Paintable, Low VOC, Breathable, Clear,
Non-Yellowing
OKON W-2 for porous surfaces
Water-Repellent Sealer for Porous Concrete
With MicroPlug™ Technology
Use on smooth face concrete block, fluted block,
exposed aggregate
Water-Base, Low VOC, Breathable, Clear, NonYellowing
OKON PLUGGER for very porous surfaces
Water-Repellent Sealer For Highly Porous Concrete and
Masonry With MicroPlug™ Technology
Use on lightweight block, split face, rough and porous
concrete
Water-Base, Low VOC, Breathable, Clear, Non-Yellowing
OKON Multi-Surface Water Repellent
Water-Repellent Sealer For Concrete, Wood and
Brick With MicroPlug™ Technology
For use on fences, decks, patios, walks, siding,
doors and sills
Water-Base, Paintable, Low VOC, Breathable,
Clear, Non-Yellowing
OKON PLUSCOLOR has been sold for many years to decorate and protect
gray block.
• Mix with any paint to get unlimited colors
• Won’t peel like paint or elastomeric
• Reduces water absorption
Mix two parts OPC with
one part paint
Mix 2 parts OKON Plus Color with 1 part paint to produce
water repellent in colors that won’t peel !
nd
a
e
tur ate
x
e
s t greg
n
i
a
int hts ag
a
M
lig
h
g
hi
OKON PLUSCOLOR
•
LESS EXPENSIVE THAN INTEGRAL
COLOR BLOCK
•
UNLIMITED COLOR SELECTION
•
WON’T FADE
•
MASONRY AND TRIM COLOR MATCH
Siloxanes for dense concrete, stucco, brick and siliceous stones
S-40 is recommended for flat work or for more porous stone or
old brick and mortar
Deep Penetrating Non-film Forming Water
Repellent Sealer
For Dense and Porous Concrete
Including Brick, Cast Concrete, Tilt-up, Exposed
Aggregate
Silane-siloxane water base water repellent,
paintable, no-sheen
Siloxanes for dense concrete, stucco, brick and siliceous stones
Deep Penetrating Heavy Duty Non-film Forming
Silane-siloxane Water Repellent Sealer
For normal weight concrete block, porous brick, precast
and poured in place concrete. For above grade horizontal
concrete wearing surfaces
Meets NCHRP 244 and SS W110C specifications NCHRP
Report No. 244.
HORIZONTAL CONCRTETE SEALER – SEAL AND FINISH
OKON® SEAL & FINISH®
Concrete & Masonry Sealer
Not recommended for
driveways or garage
floors
Clear sealer for concrete basement walls and floors,
patios and stamped-concrete walkways.
Dust proofs horizontal or vertical concrete
Multiple coats produce semi-gloss finish
PAINTBOOSTER GREATLY INCREASES THE WATER REPELLENCY OF PAINT
Reduced water absorption
means less efflorescence
and less peeling paint.
Mix 1 part with 4 parts latex
paint
•
•
•
•
Reduces brush and roller marks
Increases the open time when painting in direct
sunlight
Protects paint from dirt and makes it look bright
and clean
Beads water like on a newly waxed car
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GRAFFITI PRODUCTS – Soybase graffiti remover
OKON Graffiti Remover & Stripper
With Soyzol
Removes Graffiti, Paint and Adhesives
Use on painted or sealed:
Concrete or brick
Metal
Vinyl siding
Glass
Tile
Available in 16 oz. spray, 64 oz., and five gallon pails
Out performs the competition!
LOW ODOR
CLINGS ON VERTICAL SURFACES
STAYS WET LONGER
SAFE
WATERPROOFING – WATERTITE-LV
WATERPROOFING/CONCRETE MASONRY PAINT
and waterproof primer
Mutli-purpose
•
•
•
Waterproofing paint for retaining walls, cellars, fountains
High performance block filler for car washes or showers
under epoxies
Exterior waterproof primer for stucco, block or concret
MICRO-SPHERES fill cracks and voids Won’t feel like elastomerics
TINTABLE
EASY TO BRUSH OR ROLL
FLEXIBLE
WATERPROOFING – WATERTITE-LV - OPPORTUNITES
1)
What type of water repellent is used on porous block?
a) Micro-Plug b) Siloxane c) Watertite d) None of the above
2)
Which water repellent is used on brick?
a) Plugger b) S-20 Siloxane c) Seal & Finish
3)
OKON Graffiti Remover is made from?
a) A natural solvent b) Soybeans c) Safe Ingredients d) all the above
4)
Watertite-LV can be used as a primer under epoxies? T or F
e
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Thank you fo
and attention