Companion planting in gardening and agriculture is the planting of different crops in proximity for pest control,
pollination, providing habitat for beneficial creatures, maximizing use of space, and to otherwise increase crop
productivity. Companion planting is a form of polyculture.
Plant cat & dog repellents. There are a variety of plants that look attractive in your yard, but are really unattractive to cats.
Specifically, planting the herb rue in and around your garden will make cats stay far away. In the fall, you can harvest and dry
rue to store it during winter and use as cat repellent. In the spring, sprinkle it in the garden to keep cats away from your starts.

Other nice plants known for their cat repellent properties include citronella, lemongrass, eucalyptus and lavender. These are pleasant scents for people and attractive
looking plants to have in your yard, but cats hate them with a passion.

Dabbling your garden with marigolds also may help deter your dog from digging -- dogs tend to steer clear of them, finding their odor offensive. Other potential aromatics
that dogs and cats usually avoid include the mustard plant, citronella, rosemary, lavender, lilacs and lemon grass. Consider mixing some chives and chili pepper plants
among your other plants to warn away your dog.
2.
Dogs tend to shy away from the smell of citrus, so sprinkling citrus peels in your garden beds may provide an odoriferous "keep out" warning; your dog may find coffee
grounds to be similarly distracting. Of course, if you want to keep your pup out of the garden, keep him with you when you're outside, trained to respond to your "come"
and "no" commands. If your dog's a perfect garden guest but the neighbor's isn't, secure fencing will be your best bet to keep your sanctuary intact and private.
Garden Planner Plant Index
Almond
Alyssum
Apple (Cordon) Apple (Dwarf)
Apple
(Espalier)
Apple (Large)
Apricot
(Dwarf)
Apricot
(Large)
Artichoke
(Globe)
Arugula
Asparagus
Basil
Bay
Beans (Bush
Snap)
Beans (Dry)
Beans (Fava)
Beans (Lima)
Beans (Pole)
Beet
Blackberry
Blueberry
Bok Choy
Borage
Broccoli
Broccoli
(Purple
Sprouting)
Brussels
Sprouts
Buckwheat
Cabbage (Fall
Red)
Cabbage (Fall)
Cabbage
(Spring Red)
Cabbage
(Spring)
Cabbage
(Summer Red)
Cabbage
(Summer)
Calendula
Cantaloupe
Carrot
Catnip
Cauliflower
Celeriac
Celery
Chamomile
Cherry
(Dwarf)
Cherry (Fan)
Cherry (SemiDwarf)
Chestnut
(Chinese)
Chili Pepper
Chinese
Cabbage
Chives
Chives (Garlic)
Cilantro
Collards
Comfrey
Corn
Cornflower
Cosmos
Cotton
Cranberry
Cress
Crimson Clover Crowder Peas
Cucumber
Dill
Echinacea
Edamame
Eggplant
Endive
Fennel
Fennel (Herb)
Fenugreek
Feverfew
Fig
Fig (Container
Grown)
Filbert
Fruit (Bush)
Fruit (Dwarf
Tree)
Fruit
(Trellised)
Garlic
Gourd
Grape Vine
Hairy Vetch
Hazel
Herb
Hops
Horseradish
Jerusalem
Artichoke
Jostaberry
Kale
Kiwi
Kohlrabi
Lavender
Leek
Lemon
Lemon
(Container
Grown)
Lemon Balm
Lemon
Verbena
Lettuce
(Crisphead)
Lettuce (Leaf)
Lettuce
(Miners)
Lime
Lime
(Container
Grown)
Loganberry
Lovage
Mache
Marigold
Marjoram
Medlar
Melon
Mint
Mizuna
Monarda
Muskmelon
Mustard
Nasturtium
Nectarine
(Dwarf)
Nectarine
(Large)
Oats
Okra
Onion
Onion (Fall
planted)
Onions
(Green)
Onions
(Perennial)
Onions (Red)
Orange
Orange
(Container
Grown)
Oregano
Parsley
Parsnip
Peach (Dwarf)
Peach (Large)
Peanut
Pear (Cordon)
Pear (Dwarf)
Pear (Espalier)
Pear (Large)
Peas
Pecan
Pepper
Persimmon
Phacelia
Plum (Dwarf)
Plum (Fan)
Plum (Large)
Poached Egg
Plant
Pomegranate
Potatoes
(Early)
Potatoes
(Maincrop)
Pumpkin
Radicchio
Radish
Raspberry
Rhubarb
Rosemary
Rutabaga
Rye (Annual)
Rye (Cereal)
Sage
Scallions
Scarlet Sage
Shallots
Sorrel
Soybeans
Spinach
Spinach
(Malabar)
Spinach (New
Zealand)
Squash
(Summer)
Squash
(Winter)
Stevia
Strawberry
Sunflower
Sweet Potato
Swiss Chard
Tarragon
Tatsoi
Tomato
(Large)
Tomato
(Small)
Turnip
Valerian
Walnut
Watermelon
Wheat
Winter Field
Beans
Winter Peas
Zinnia
Almond
Crop Rotation Group
Miscellaneous
Soil
Rich, light soil with plenty of organic matter added.
Position
Sunny, sheltered spot.
Thyme
Zucchini
Tomatillo
Frost tolerant
Yes, but it is important to choose varieties known to grow well in your
area to reduce risk of losing blooms to spring freezes. Cold damage to
spring blossoms is a major limiting factor in where almonds can be
successfully grown.
Feeding
Topdress with a generous mulch of well-rotted organic matter in
spring along with a balanced organic fertilizer.
Companions
Corridors within the orchard that are planted with clovers and other
legumes contribute to soil fertility and attract pollinators.
Spacing
Single Plants: 19' 8" (6.00m) each way (minimum)
Rows: 19' 8" (6.00m) with 19' 8" (6.00m) row gap (minimum)
Sow and Plant
Incorporate plenty of well-rotted organic matter when planting. A wide hole is better than a very deep one. Mulch after planting, and encircle the trunk with a wire cage or
protective pipe to protect the young tree from animal and insect pests.
Notes
Healthy almond trees will bear for ten to fifteen years or more.
Harvesting
Knock nuts down when they start to drop, then peel and dry them.
Troubleshooting
Keeping almond trees dry under cover or under plastic sheeting can help prevent peach leaf curl and rotting fruits. Poor growth and dieback can sometimes be treated with hard
pruning and heavy applications of well-rotted organic matter.
Alyssum
Crop Rotation Group
Brassicas (Cabbage family)
Soil
Average garden soil.
Position
Full sun to partial afternoon shade.
Frost tolerant
Alyssum seedlings can tolerate light frost, but plants are often killed by freezing temperatures.
Feeding
Fast growth is encouraged by mixing a balanced organic fertilizer into the soil before planting.
Encourage reblooming with a liquid feed.
Companions
In white or pastel shades, alyssum in the perfect little flower to tuck into the corners of beds,
or you can grow it beneath tall vegetables or among herbs. Alyssum is famous for attracting
tiny wasps and other beneficial insects.
Spacing
Single Plants: 5" (15cm) each way (minimum)
Rows: 5" (15cm) with 5" (15cm) row gap (minimum)
Sow and Plant
Sow alyssum from early spring to early summer, and in autumn where winters are mild. Alyssum grows fast and often stops blooming in hot weather. Broadcast seeds into
cultivated soil or containers about 2 inches (5cm) apart, and barely cover them with soil. When the seedlings have more than four leaves, thin to 6 inches (15 cm) apart in all
directions.
Our Garden Planning Tool can produce a personalized calendar of when to sow, plant and harvest for your area.
Notes
Can reseed if allowed to do so, but extra seedlings are easy to lift and move or pull out.
Harvesting
Tired alyssum plants often melt down in hot, humid conditions. As annual flowers go, they are short-lived.
Troubleshooting
-
Vegetables
Vegetables
Common
name
Alliums
Asparagus
Scientific
name
Allium
Asparagus
officinalis
Helps
Fruit trees,[1] nightshades
(tomatoes,[2] capsicum
peppers,[3] potatoes,[4]
brassicas,[5] carrots[6][7]
Tomatoes,[14]
parsley[15][16]
Helped by
Carrots,[7] tomatoes,[8] carrots and
African spider plants (Cleome
gynandra) together,[9] marigolds
(Tagetes spp.),[10][11] mints[10][11]
Attracts
Thrips[9]
-Repels/+distracts
-rabbits,[5] slugs (see
Garlic), -aphids,[6]
carrot fly,[7] -cabbage
loopers,[6] -cabbage
maggots,[6] -cabbage
worms,[6] -Japanese
beetles[6]
Coupled
with basil
Aster family flowers, dill, coriander,
seems to
[15][16]
[15][16]
tomatoes,
parsley,
encourage
[16]
basil, comfrey, marigolds,
lady
nasturtiums[citation needed]
bugs[citation
Avoid
Beans [12] peas,[13]
Comments
Alliums are a family of plants
which include onions, garlic, leeks,
shallots, chives, and others.
Onion, garlic, potatoes,
gladiolus[citation needed]
needed]
Beans and
other
legumes
Beets,[14][17] lettuce,[18]
okra,[18]
potato,[16][19][20][21]
spinach,[citation needed]
dill,[citation needed]
Phaseolus and
cabbage,[16] carrots,
Vicia
chards, eggplant,[22]
peas, tomatoes,[16]
brassicas,[23]
corn,[14][16][17]
cucumbers,[17][22] grapes
Phaseolus
Beans, bush
vulgaris
Beans, pole
Common
name
Cucumber,[16]
soybeans,[11]
strawberries[28]
Uncertain
Scientific
name
Helps
Summer savory,[12][16] beets,[12][17]
cucumbers,[12][17] borage,[14]
cabbage,[12] carrots,[12]
cauliflower,[12] corn,[11][16][17]
larkspur,[14] lovage,[14]
marigolds,[12][17] mustards,[14]
radish,[12][17] potato,[19][20][21]
peppermint,[23] rosemary,[14][17][23]
lettuce,[18][24] onion,[24] squash,[18]
lacy phacelia[25]
Tomatoes,[citation needed]
Snails and
slugs[26]
Colorado potato
beetle[12][20]
chili peppers,[citation needed]
alliums,[12][17]
gladiolas[12][27]
Hosts nitrogen-fixing bacteria, a
good fertiliser for some plants, too
much for others. Rosemary and
peppermint extracts are used in
organic sprays for beans.[23]
Summer savory[17] and potatoes[20]
repel bean beetles.
Celery,[5][16] strawberries,[12][16]
grains[23]
Fennel,[12] soybeans,[23]
dry beans,[23] alfalfa[23]
Radishes[12]
Sunflowers,[12] beets,[12]
brassicas,[14] kohlrabi[27]
"Lettuce, potato, tomato, other
legumes, crucifers, or cucurbits
increase sclerotinia" in the soil and
should be avoided before and after
snap beans.[23] See also the entry
for "Beans and other legumes" for
more info
See the entry for "Beans and other
legumes" for more info
Avoid
Comments
Helped by
Attracts
-Repels/+distracts
Beets
Brassicas
Beta vulgaris
Brassica
Broccoli
Brassica
oleracea
Brussels
sprouts
Brassica
oleracea
Cabbage
Brassica
oleracea /
Brassica
chinensis
Carrots
Broccoli,[5] bush
beans,[12][17] cabbage,[17]
lettuce,[17] kohlrabi,[14][29]
onions,[14]
brassicas,[17][27] passion
fruit[30]
Bush beans,[14][17] onions,[14]
kohlrabi,[14][29] catnip,[citation needed]
garlic,[14] lettuce,[12] most
brassicas,[12] mint
Runner or pole beans[14]
Beets,[12] onions,[14]
potatoes,[citation needed]
cereals (e.g. corn,
wheat)[citation needed]
Beets,[17][27] spinach,[27] chard,[27]
Aromatic plants or plants with many
blossoms, such as celery,[11][27]
chamomile,[11][14][27] and
marigolds.[10][11][31] Dill,[5][11][14]
sage,[5][11] peas,[11]
peppermint,[5][10][11] spearmint,[11]
spurrey,[11] rosemary,[5][11] ryegrass,[11] garlic,[14] onions[27][32] and
potatoes.[5] geraniums, alliums,[5]
nasturtium,[11][32] borage,
hyssop,[5][11] tansy,[11] tomatoes,[11]
thyme,[5][11][32] wormwood,[5]
southernwood,[5][11] beans,[23]
clover[11]
Brassicas are a family of plants
which includes broccoli, Brussels
Mustards, nightshades
sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower,
(tomatoes,[14][27] peppers, Chinese cabbage, kohlrabi,
etc.), pole beans,[14][27]
radish, and turnip. Thyme,
strawberries[14][27]
nasturtiums, and onion showed
good resistance to cabbage worm,
weevil and cabbage looper.[32]
Lettuce[33]
Mixture of mustard, pac choi, and
rape.[11] Beets, dill,[5][11] lettuce,[33]
mustard,[11] onions,[11][17] tomato,[34]
turnip,[35] clover[34]
Beans,[12] celery[5]
Tomatoes,[44] alliums,[7]
beans,[12] leeks,[13]
Daucus carota
lettuce,[14][45] onions,[7]
passion fruit[30]
Wireworms
Broccoli as a main crop
intercropped with lettuce was
shown to be more profitable than
either crop alone.[33] Turnip acts as
a trap crop.[35] See brassicas entry
for more info
Sage,[11][36] thyme,[11][36] clover,[36]
malting barley[11]
Beans,[16] clover,[37][38] calendula/pot
marigold,[39] chamomile,[17]
larkspur,[14] nasturtiums,[17] dill,[17][40]
coriander,[41] hyssop,[14]
Snails and
onions,[14][17][42] beets,[17]
slugs[26]
[11]
[11][14][17]
marigolds, mint,
[17]
[14][17]
[17]
rosemary, sage,
thyme,
tomatoes,[11] lacy phacelia,[11] Green
onions with Chinese cabbage.[11]
Lettuce,[45] alliums (chives,[14]
leeks,[14] onions,[7][14][15] shallots,
etc.), rosemary,[14] wormwood,[14]
sage,[14] beans, flax
Good for adding minerals to the
soil through composting leaves
which have up to 25% magnesium.
Runner or pole beans and beets
stunt each other's growth.
Assassin
bug,
lacewing,
parasitic
Leek moth,[15] onion
wasp, yellow [7][15]
fly
jacket and
other
predatory
wasps
Grapes[43]
See brassicas entry for more info. If
using clover as an intercrop it
should be sown after cabbage
transplant so as not to affect crop
yield. Nasturtiums repel cabbage
moths[17]
Dill, parsnip, radish
Tomatoes grow better with carrots,
but may stunt the carrots' growth.
Beans provide the nitrogen carrots
need more than some other
vegetables. Aromatic companion
plants repel carrot fly. Sage,
rosemary, and radishes are
recommended by some as
companion plants, but listed by
others as incompatible. Alliums
inter-planted with carrots confuse
Cauliflower
Brassica
oleracea
Beans,[12] celery,[5]
spinach,[46] peas[47]
Mixture of Chinese cabbage,
marigolds, rape, and sunflower.[11]
Spinach,[46] peas[47]
Celery
Apium
graveolens
Bush beans,[5][16]
brassicas,[5][11][27]
cucumber[48]
Cosmos, daisies, snapdragons,
leeks,[5] tomatoes,[5] cauliflower,[5]
cabbage,[5] bush beans[5]
Common
name
Chard
Corn /
Maize
Scientific
name
Beta vulgaris
ssp. cicla
Zea mays
Helps
Beans,[11][16][17]
cucurbits,[14]
soybeans,[49] tomatoes[50]
Beans,[12][17] kohlrabi,[29]
lettuce[14]
Kohlrabi,[29] nasturtiums,[14]
radishes,[22] marigolds,
sunflowers,[22] peas,[22]
Beneficial
beans,[16][17][22] chamomile,[14] beets,
for ground
[17]
[54]
carrots, dill, onions,
beetles
[54][55]
garlic,
amaranth (Amaranthus
cruentus),[56] celery,[48] Malabar
spinach[48]
Cucurbits
Cucurbitaceae Corn[14]
Brassica
oleracea v.
gongylodes
Attracts
Sunflowers, dill,[17] legumes
(beans,[14][16][17] peas,[14] soybeans
etc.), peanuts, cucurbits,[14] clover,[51]
amaranth,[52] white geranium,
pigweed,[14] lamb's quarters, morning
glory, parsley, and potato,[14] field
mustard,[53] Sudan grass[11]
Cucumis
sativus
Kohlrabi
Whiteflies[48]
-Repels/+distracts
Corn, aster flowers
Avoid
Aster flowers, can transmit the
aster yellows disease
Comments
Brassicas,[27] passion
fruit[30]
Cucumber
Eggplant or Solanum
Aubergine melongena
Helped by
onion and carrot flies. For the
beneficial insect-attracting
properties of carrots to work, they
need to be allowed to flower;
Otherwise, use the wild carrot,
Queen Anne's Lace, for the same
effect. Flax produces an oil that
may protect root vegetables like
carrots from some pests.
One row of spinach alternating at
60 cm from each row of
cauliflower proved mutually
beneficial.[46] See brassicas for
more info. See peas regarding their
mutualism with cauliflower.
Beans, peppers,
tomatoes,[58] passion
fruit[30]
Onion,[14][29] beets,[29]
aromatic plants,[29]
cucumbers[29]
Tomato,[22]
Raccoons,[14] ants[14]
celery
Potato,[14] aromatic
herbs[14]
Provides beans with a trellis, is
protected from predators and
dryness by cucurbits, in the three
sisters technique
Sow 2 or 3 radish seeds in with
cucumbers to repel cucumber
beetles.[14] One study showed a
75% reduction in cucumber beetles
with the concurrent seeding of
amaranth.[56] Various sprays from
lettuce, asparagus, Malabar
spinach, and celery were found to
reduce whiteflies.[48] See cucurbits
entry for more info
Corn,[14] grain sorghum[57]
Cucurbits are a family of plants
that includes melons, cucumbers,
gourds, pumpkins, and squash
Marigolds, catnip,[17] dill,[11] redroot
pigweed,[22] green beans,[22] tarragon,
mints, thyme[14]
Marigolds will deter nematodes.
Beets,[14][29] cucumbers[29]
See Brassicas entry for more info
Leek
Lettuce
Mustard
Common
name
Allium
Carrots,[14] celery,[29]
ampeloprasum onions,[29] tomato,[59]
v. porrum
passion fruit[30]
Beets,[12] beans,[18][24]
okra,[18] onions,[29]
Lactuca sativa radish,[14] broccoli,[33]
Carrots,[45] passion
fruit[30]
Sinapis alba
Scientific
name
Onion
Parsnip
Radish, beets,[17] dill,[14][17] kohlrabi,
onions,[14][29][32] beans,[18]
carrots,[14][45] cucumbers,[14]
Slugs and
strawberries,[14] broccoli[33] thyme,[32] snails.[26]
nasturtiums,[32] alyssum,[61]
cilantro[61]
Helps
Helped by
Attracts
Sweet potato,[62]
tomatoes,[58] peppers[63]
Beans,[18] lettuce,[18] squash,[18] sweet
potato,[62] peppers[63]
Allium cepa
Beets,[14] beans,[24]
brassicas,[27][32]
cabbage,[14][17][42]
broccoli,[11][17]
carrots,[7][14][15]
lettuce,[14][29]
cucumbers,[54] peppers,[3]
passion fruit,[30]
strawberries.[14] Green
onions with Chinese
cabbage.[11]
Carrots,[7] beets,[14] brassicas,[14]
dill,[14] lettuce,[14] strawberries,[14]
marigolds,[11] mints,[11] tomatoes,[14]
summer savory,[14] chamomile,[14][17]
pansy
Fruit trees
See Brassicas entry for more info.
Mustard acts as a trap crop in
broccoli.[11]
-Repels/+distracts
Avoid
Beans, black walnuts,
corn, fennel, dill,
brassicas
Carrots, alliums, mints (basil,
oregano, etc.)
Lentils, peas,[14]
A variety of
predatory
insects
See Alliums entry for more info
Mints (including hyssop,
sage, and various
"balms") repel slugs, a
bane of lettuce and
Celery, cabbage, cress, cabbages.[citation needed]
parsley
Broccoli when
intercropped with lettuce
was shown to be more
profitable then either
crop alone.[33]
Various pests
Abelmoschus
esculentus
Pastinaca
sativa
Swiss chard
Beans,[14] broccoli,[11]
cabbage, cauliflower,
fruit trees,[14] grapes,[14]
radish, brussels sprouts,
turnips
Nightshades Solanaceae
Okra
Carrots[13] clover,[60]
Comments
Nightshades are a family of
plants which include tomatoes,
tobacco, chili peppers (including
bell peppers), potatoes, eggplant,
and others
Okra and sweet potato are mutually
beneficial when planted
simultaneously.[62]
See Alliums entry for more info
The flowers of the parsnip plant left
to seed will attract a variety of
predatory insects to the garden,
they are particularly helpful when
left under fruit trees, the predators
attacking codling moth and light
brown apple moth. The root also
contains Myristricin, which is toxic
to fruit flies, house flies, red spider
mite, pea aphids, a simple blender
Brassicas,[11] turnip,[47] Turnip,[47] cauliflower,[47] garlic,[47]
cauliflower,[47] garlic,[47] mints[14]
Peas
Pisum sativum
Peppers
Solanaceae,
Capsicum
Okra[63]
Beans,[64] tomatoes, marjoram,[citation
needed] okra,[63] geraniums, petunias,
sunflowers,[65][66] onions[3] crimson
clover,[67] basil,[14] field mustard[53]
Potato
Solanum
tuberosum
Brassicas,[5]
beans,[19][20][21] corn,[14]
peas,[68] passion fruit[30]
Horseradish,[14][17] beans,[16][19][20][21]
dead nettle,[14] marigolds,[14]
peas,[7][68] onion,[4] garlic,[4][69]
thyme,[14] clover[70]
Common
name
Pumpkin
Radish
Soybean
Scientific
name
Helps
Cucurbita pepo Corn,[71] beans
Raphanus
sativus
Glycine max
Helped by
Colorado potato
beetle[7]
Mexican bean
beetle[20]
Attracts
Buckwheat, Jimson weed,[71] catnip, spiders,
oregano,[14] tansy, radishes,
ground
nasturtiums
beetles
Squash[14] eggplant,
cucumber,[14] lettuce,[17] Chervil,[14][17] lettuce,[14]
peas,[17] beans,[12][17] pole nasturtiums[14][17]
beans,[12]
Corn,[49] snap beans,[11] sunflower[49]
made extraction of three blended
parsnips roots to one litre of water
through a food processor (not one
for preparing food) and left
overnight, strained and use within a
few days.
Peas when intercropped with
turnips, cauliflower, or garlic
showed mutual suppression of
growth however their profit per
land area used was increased.[47]
Pepper plants like high humidity,
which can be helped along by
planting with some kind of denseleaf or ground-cover companion,
like marjoram and basil; they also
need direct sunlight, but their fruit
Beans, kale (cabbage,
can be harmed by it...pepper plants
Brussels sprouts, etc.)
grown together, or with tomatoes,
can shelter the fruit from sunlight,
and raises the humidity level.
Sunflowers, when in bloom at the
right time, sheltered beneficial
insects which lowered thrips
populations.[65]
Horseradish increases the disease
Atriplex, carrot,
resistance of potatoes. It repels the
cucumber,[14]
potato bug.[17] Garlic was shown to
pumpkin,[71] raspberries, be more effective than fungicides
squash, sunflower,
on late potato blight.[69] Peas were
tomato
shown to reduce the density of
Colorado potato beetles.[7]
-Repels/+distracts
Avoid
Potatoes[71]
flea beetles, cucumber
Grapes
beetles[17]
Comments
Radishes can be used as a trap crop
against flea beetles, cucurbita can
be used in the three sisters
technique. Nasturtiums repel
squash bugs.[14]
Radishes can be used as a trap crop
against flea beetles. Radishes
grown with lettuce taste better.[14]
A mixture of corn, mungbean, and
sunflower was found to rid
soybeans of aphids.[49] Snap beans
act as a trap crop for Mexican bean
beetles in soybeans.[11]
Spinach
Spinacia
oleracea
Brassicas,[27]
cauliflower,[46] passion
fruit[30]
Squash
Cucurbita spp. corn,
Sweet
potato
Ipomoea
batatas
Tomatoes
Solanum
lycopersicum
Brassica rapa
Turnips and
and Brassica
rutabagas
napobrassica
beans,[18]
Strawberries,[72] peas, beans,
cauliflower[46]
Beans,[18] buckwheat, borage,[14][17]
catnip, tansy, radishes,[14]
marigolds,[32] nasturtiums[14][20]
okra,[18]
Okra[62]
Okra[62]
Brassicas,[11] broccoli,[34]
cabbage,[11] celery,[5]
roses,[14] peppers,
asparagus[72]
Asparagus,[15] basil,[11][17][32][59][73]
beans,[16] bee balm (Monarda),[12][14]
oregano, parsley, marigold,[14]
alliums, garlic,[2][14] leeks,[59] celery,
geraniums, petunias, nasturtium,
borage,[14][17] coriander,[44][74]
chives,[14] corn,[50] dill,[44]
mustard,[44] fenugreek,[44] barley,[44]
carrots,[44] eggplant,[58] mints,[14]
okra,[58] sage,[14] thyme,[14][32] "flower
strips"[75]
Peas,[47][72] broccoli[35]
Hairy vetch,[72] peas[47][72]
Spiders,
ground
beetles
Asparagus beetle[72]
Black walnut,[14]
alfalfa,[76] corn,[22]
fennel,[14] chili
peppers,[58] peas,[50] dill,
potatoes,[14] beetroot,
brassicas,[14] rosemary
hedge mustard,[72]
knotweed[72]
The peas and beans provide natural
shade for the spinach. See
cauliflower notes regarding
mutualism with spinach.[46]
Radishes can be used as a trap crop
against flea beetles, cucurbita can
be used in the three sisters
technique. Marigolds[32] and
nasturtiums repel squash
bugs.[14][20] Marigolds repel
cucumber beetles.[32]
Okra and sweet potato are mutually
beneficial when planted
simultaneously.[62]
Black walnuts inhibit tomato
growth,[14] in fact they are negative
allelopathic to all other nightshade
plants (chili pepper, potato,
tobacco, petunia) as well, because it
produces a chemical called juglone.
Dill attracts tomato hornworm.
Growing tomatoes with Basil does
not appear to enhance tomato
flavour but studies have shown that
growing them around 10 inches
apart can increase the yield of
tomatoes by about 20%.[73] One
study shows that growing chili
peppers near tomatoes in
greenhouses increases tomato
whitefly on the tomatoes.[58]
Turnips act as a trap crop for
broccoli.[35] See peas regarding
their mutualism with turnips.
Fruit
Common
name
Apple
Scientific
name
Malus
domestica
Helps
Helped by
Clover, chives, garlic, leeks,
nasturtium, southernwood,
daffodils, comfrey
Fruit
Attracts
Repels/+distracts
Avoid
Cedar because of apple-cedar rust.
Walnut because its roots produce
growth inhibitors that apple trees are
sensitive to[77]
Comments
Apricot
Prunus
armeniaca
Blueberries
Vaccinium
spp.
Fruit trees
Various
Grapes
Vitis spp.
Melon
Cucumis
melo
Passiflora
Passion fruit
edulis
Pears
Pyrus spp.
Bush beans,[12]
lettuce,[14]
Fragaria ×
onions,[14]
Strawberries
ananassa
spinach,[72]
passion fruit[30]
A fungus that peppers are prone to can infect
apricot trees causing a lot of harm.
Pine and oak trees create the acidic soil
blueberries need. Strawberries and dewberries
create healthy ground cover, clover fixes nitrogen
for the blueberries' high needs, yarrow and bay
laurel repel unhealthy insects. Each of the herbal
companions listed also like the acidic soil the
blueberry plant needs.
Peppers
Oak trees,[78] pine trees,[78]
strawberries, clover, bay
laurel, dewberries, yarrow
tomatoes
Alliums,[1] tansy,[1]
nasturtiums,[1] marigolds,[1]
marjoram,[1] lemon balm,[1]
mustards,[14] dandelions,[14]
borage[1]
Hyssop,[14][17] alyssum,[11]
basil, beans, chives,[14]
geraniums, mustards,[14]
oregano, clover, peas,
blackberries
Chamomile,[14] pigweed,[14]
summer savoury,[14] sow
thistle[14]
Potatoes,[30] beets,[30] Swiss
chard,[30] carrots,[30]
spinach,[30] strawberries,[30]
eggplants,[30] onions,[30]
leeks,[30] lettuce[30]
"Aromatic plants"[79]
Cabbage,[43] garlic,[43] radishes
Cucurbits,[30] maize,[30] cowpea,[30]
sorghum,[30] okra,[30] sweet
potatoes[30]
Brassicas,[28] Verticilliumsusceptible species (tomatoes,
potatoes, eggplant, peppers, melons, Thyme planted and/or placed next to each other
okra, mint, bush or bramble fruits,
help grow more strawberries quickly.
stone fruits, chrysanthemums,
roses)[28]
Caraway,[28] bush beans,[28]
Slugs and
lupin,[28] onions,[14] sage,[14]
snails.[26]
thyme,[14] borage[14][17][28]
Herbs
Herbs
Common
name
Anise
Scientific name
Pimpinella
anisum
Helps
Helped by
Coriander[14]
Attracts
-Repels/+distracts
Avoid
Comments
Not to be confused with star anise
which is an entirely different
species.
Basil
Ocimum
basilicum
Borage
Borago
officinalis
Caraway
Carum carvi
Tomato,[11][17][32][59][73]
peppers,[14] oregano,
asparagus, petunias, grapes
Chamomile,
anise
Almost everything, especially
beans,[14] strawberry,[14][17][28]
cucurbits (cucumber,
squash[14][17]), fruit trees,[1]
tomatoes[14][17] and cabbage
Strawberries[28]
Slugs and
snails.[26]
asparagus beetle,
hornworms,[17]
Common rue,
butterflies
mosquitoes,[17] thrips and thyme
flies[17]
Predatory insects, honeybees
Dill[17]
beetles,[17]
Flea
aphids[14]
ants,[17]
Catnip
Nepeta cataria
Eggplant[17]
Chamomile
Matricaria
recutita
Most herbs,[14]
brassicas,[11][14][27]
cucumber,[14] wheat,
onion,[14][17] cabbage[17]
Chervil
Anthriscus
cerefolium
Radish,[14][17]
Chives
Allium
schoenoprasum
Apples, carrots,[14][17]
grapes,[14] roses,[14][17]
tomatoes,[14] brassica
(broccoli, cabbage, mustard,
etc.), many others
Cilantro /
Coriander
Coriandrum
sativum
Anise[14] cabbage,[41] spinach,
Beans, peas
lettuce,[61] tomato[44][74]
Tachinid fly,
Anethum
graveolens
Brassicas,[5][11][14] broccoli,[11]
cabbage,[17][40] corn,[17]
eggplant/aubergine,[11]
Fennel[80]
fennel,[80] lettuce,[14][17]
onions,[14] cucumbers[17]
Tiger swallowtail
butterflies/caterpillars,
Aphids,[17] spider
hoverflies, wasps, ladybugs, mites,[17] squash bugs,
tomato hornworm, honeybees, cabbage looper
ichneumonid wasps
Dill
Common
name
Fennel
Scientific name
Foeniculum
vulgare
Helps
Dill[80]
Predict a square metre for its adult
size. Borage is a good companion
for a wide variety of plants.[28]
Many pests, tomato
worm[17]
Parasitic wasps, parasitic flies
Growing near herbs will increase
their oil production.
Hoverflies, wasps
lettuce, broccoli
Aphids
Cabbage worms, carrot
fly, aphids,[14][17]
mites,[17] nematodes[17]
Carrots
Helped by
Dill[80]
hoverflies[41][61]
Attracts
Ladybugs, syrphid fly,[61]
tachinid fly
Is said to make tomatoes taste
better, chamomile and anise are
supposed to increase the essential
oils in many herbs like basil
Aphids,[14][17] spider
mites, white flies and
potato beetle
Loves shade, fortunately it grows
well with shade-tolerant food
Radish
plants; will make radishes grown
near it taste spicier
Same companion traits as all
alliums (onions, garlic, shallots,
Beans, peas
leeks, etc.)said to prevent apple
scab after 3 years planting at base
of apple trees
Attracts hoverflies which may in
turn reduce pest populations in
Dill
cabbages.[41] Will cross-pollinate
easily with dill and ruin both
plants.
One of the few plants said to grow
with fennel.[citation needed] See fennel
Carrots, tomatoes,
for info about intercropping. Will
cilantro
cross-pollinate easily with cilantro
and ruin both.
-Repels/+distracts
Aphids[14][61]
Avoid
Almost
everything[citation
needed]
Comments
Fennel is allelopathic to most
garden plants, inhibiting growth,
causing to bolt, or actually killing
many plants.[citation needed] When
growing together a higher ratio of
fennel to dill provides the highest
profit. Dill has a stabilizing effect
on the fennel seed.[80] Because it
attracts syrphidae it reduces
aphids through predation.[61]
Linum
usitatissimum
Carrots and potatoes
Garlic
Allium sativum
Vetch,[29] brassicas,[14]
beets,[14] roses,[14][29]
Tarragon,
tomatoes,[2][14][29]
peas[47]
[54][55]
cucumbers,
lettuce,
celery, peas,[47] potatoes[4][69]
Hyssop
Hyssopus
officinalis
Lavender
Lavandula
angustifolia, L.
dentata, L.
stoechas
Lemon grass
Cymbopogon
citratus
Eggplant[83]
Lovage
Levisticum
officinale
Beans[14]
Oregano
Origanum
vulgare
Grapes, tomatoes, peppers,
pumpkin,[14] many other
plants
Parsley
Petroselinum
crispum
Flax
Peppermint
Rosemary
Common
name
Sage
Colorado potato beetle
needed]
Brassicas,[5][11] cabbage,[14]
grapes[14][17]
Chamomile, lettuce,
brassicas, onions, tomatoes,
oregano, thyme, marjoram,
sage, rosemary, basil, lemon
balm, squash
Honeybees, butterflies
Aphids,[14][17] Japanese
beetles,[17] mites,[17]
cabbage looper, ants,
cabbage maggot, fruit
borers,[29] red spider
mites,[29] slugs[82]
Cabbages,[citation
needed] grapes[43]
Cabbage moth larvae,
cabbage butterflies
Radishes[17]
Cutworms
Ichneumonid wasps, ground
beetles (good)
Basil
Hoverflies/Syrphidae[61]
Apple,
Asparagus,[15][16] corn/maize,
Swallowtail butterflies,
asparagus,[15][16]
tomatoes
wasps, flies
rose
[10][11]
Alliums,
brassicas,[5][10][11]
Mentha piperita
cabbage,[11][14][17] peas,[14]
tomatoes[14]
Cabbage,[17] beans,[14][17][23]
Rosmarinus
brassicas,[5][11] carrots,[14]
officinalis
thyme
Scientific name
Almost
everything[citation
Helps
Brassicas,[5][11] rosemary,
Salvia officinalis cabbage,[14][17] beans,
Brussels sprouts,[11][36]
Helped by
Attracts
Rhubarb
Aphids[61]
Alliums, lettuce
Flax contains tannin and linseed
oils which may offend the
Colorado potato bug[81]
See Alliums entry for more info.
Peas and garlic when planted
closely together suppress each
other's growth; however the profit
over land area used is higher.[47]
Tarragon makes garlic grow
rapidly.
Stimulates growth of grapes.
Has been shown to reduce
cutworms in eggplant in
laboratory trials but needs field
testing
Is thought to improve the health
of almost all plants, like borage
and geraniums, is considered a
"magic bullet" of companion
planting
Provides ground cover and muchneeded humidity for pepper plants
if allowed to spread among them.
Because it attracts syrphidae, it
reduces aphids through
predation.[61]
Sacrificially attracts insects that
feed on tomatoes
Cabbage root fly,[10]
ants,[14] cabbage looper,
aphids,[14] onion fly[10]
Repels cabbage flies, has same
general companion properties as
other mints
Bean beetle
Deters cabbage flies, repels many
bean parasites
-Repels/+distracts
Avoid
Avoid any
Cabbage flies, carrot fly,
member of the
Honeybees, cabbage butterfly black flea beetle,
allium family and
cabbage looper, cabbage
common rue
Comments
carrots,[14] strawberry,[14]
tomato,[14] marjoram[14]
Southernwood
Spearmint
Artemisia
abrotanum
maggot, repels many
bean parasites
Controls cabbage moths and
malaria mosquitoes.
Brassicas,[5][11] fruit trees
Mentha spicata
Stinging nettle Urtica dioica
Alliums,[10][11]
brassicas,[5][10][11]
cabbage,[11][14][17] peas,[14]
tomatoes[14]
Chamomille, mint, broccoli,
tomatoes, valerian, angelica
archangelica, marjoram, sage
& peppermint
Summer
savoury
Satureja
hortensis
Beans,[12] melon,[14] onions[14]
Tarragon
Artemisia
dracunculus
Most vegetables,[14] but
especially eggplant
Thyme
Brassicas,[5][11][32] cabbage,[17]
eggplant/aubergine,[14]
Thymus vulgaris potato,[14] strawberry,[14]
tomato,[14][32] Brussels
sprouts[11][36]
Wormwood
Artemisia
absinthium
Brassicas,[5] carrots[14]
Yarrow
Achillea
millefolium
Many plants, "Most aromatic
plants."[14]
Ants,[14] aphids,[14] onion
fly,[10] cabbage root
fly[10]
Controls ants and aphids, has
same general companion
properties as other mints.
Aphids
Also delays germination of certain
foul herbs
Its scent is disliked by most pests,
and this plant is also thought to
have Nurse Plant properties,
enhancing the growth and flavor
of crops grown with it.
Hoverflies/Syrphidae[61]
Cabbage worm,[17][32]
cabbage weevil,[32]
cabbage looper,[32]
aphids,[61] whitefly[citation
Because it attracts syrphidae it
reduces aphids through
predation.[61]
needed]
Wormwood should be used with
caution around most vegetables
since it does contain toxins.[14]
May increase the essential oil
production of some herbs. Also
improves soil quality, use the
leaves to enrich compost, or as
mulch. Because it attracts
syrphidae it reduces aphids
through predation.[61]
Ants[14]
Predatory wasps, ladybugs,
hoverflies,[61] damselbugs
Aphids[61]
Flowers
Flowers
Common name
Scientific name
Alyssum
Lobularia maritima
Baby's breath
Gypsophila paniculata
Helps
Grapes,[11]
lettuce[61]
Helped by
Attracts
-Repels/+distracts
Syrphidae[61] and most
beneficial insects
Aphids[61]
Syrphidae[61]
Aphids[61]
Avoid
Comments
Because they attract
syrphidae they help reduce
aphids through
predation.[11][61]
Because they attract
syrphidae they help reduce
aphids through
predation.[61]
Tomato[12][14]
Bee balm
Monarda spp.
Californian poppy
Eschscholzia
californica
Dianthus
Roses, lavender,
Dianthus caryophyllus echinacea, aster,
foxglove
Foxglove
Geraniums
The sap, flowers,
seeds, stems,
roots and leaves
of the foxglove
plant are all toxic
if ingested. The
largest
concentration of
the toxin that
makes foxglove
poisonous occurs
Pelargonium spp.
[61]
Syrphidae
Because they attract
syrphidae they help reduce
aphids through
predation.[61]
[61]
Aphids
Slugs
in vigorously
growing
shoots. Even if
the plant parts
are dried or
boiled, the
toxic
ingredients
remain active.
Roses, corn,
peppers, grapes
Tomatoes, tobacco,
Leafhoppers, Japanese
eggplants and other
beetles
nightshades
A trap crop, attracting pests
away from roses and grape
vines, distracts beet
leafhoppers, carrier of the
curly top virus, keep away
from solanaceous plants
like eggplant, and tobacco
Beans,[14]
cabbage[14]
All parts of these plants
are considered toxic to
humans, especially the
younger parts, causing
severe digestive
discomfort if ingested,
and skin irritation
Larkspur, especially tall
larkspur, is a significant
cause of cattle
poisoning on
rangelands in the
western United States..
Death is through
cardiotoxic and
neuromuscular blocking
effects, and can occur
within a few hours of
ingestion. All parts of the
plant contain various
diterpenoid alkaloids,
typified by
methyllycaconitine, so are
very poisonous
Larkspur
Delphinium spp.
Bees
Larkspur is more
common in highelevation areas, and
many ranchers delay
moving cattle onto
such ranges until late
summer when the
toxicity of the plants
is reduced.
Lupin
Lupinus
Cucurbits,
brassica, lettuce, Summer savory,
rosemary, dill,
rose
strawberry,[28] rose
Tomatoes and other
solanaceae
Honeybees
This wildflower is a
legume, hosting bacteria
that fixes nitrogen in the
soil, fertilizing it for
neighboring plants. Same
with marigold, planting
nearby roses causes them to
grow vigorously.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
/Lupinus
http://www.backyardgardene
r.com/gardenthemes/perennialgarden/lupinus-lupineperennials-guide-toplanting-flowers/
Marigold
Tagetes patula, T.
erecta, T. minuta
Most plants,
especially
tomatoes[14] and
peppers, cucurbits
(cucumbers,
gourds, squash,
potatoes,[14]
roses,[14]
alliums,[10][11]
brassicas,[10][11][31]
zucchini[32]
Rose
Snails and slugs.[26]
Root-knot
nematodes,[84][85] beet
leaf hoppers, cucumber
beetle,[32] squash
bug,[32] onion fly,[10]
cabbage root fly[10]
Marigolds are a wonderdrug of the companion
plant world, invoking the
saying "plant them
everywhere in your
garden". French marigolds
(T. patula) produce a
pesticidal chemical from
their roots, so strong it lasts
years after they are gone.
Mexican marigolds (T.
erecta) do the same, but are
so strong they will inhibit
the growth of some more
tender herbs. Stinking
Roger (T. minuta) has also
been found effective
against certain perennial
weeds.[86] Same with lupin,
planting nearby roses
causes them to grow
vigorously.
Nasturtium
Pansy
Petunia
Phacelia
Rose
Sunflower
Tropaeolum majus
Viola x wittrockiana
Beans,
squash,[14][20]
tomatoes, fruit
trees,
brassicas,[11][32]
radish[14][17]
cucumbers[14]
Alliums, onions,
roses
Predatory insects
Roses
Cucurbits (squash,
pumpkins,
Petunia x hybrida
cucumbers),
asparagus
Plants which are
prone to aphids,
Phacelia tanacetifolia
especially lettuce,
tomato, rose
Rosa spp.
Helianthus annuus
Aphids,[14] asparagus
beetle,[14] cabbage
looper,[14][32] cabbage
worm,[14][32] carrot
fly,[14] cabbage
weevil,[32] Colorado
potato beetle[14] squash Cauliflower
bug,[14][32] Japanese
beetle,[14] Mexican bean
beetle,[14] striped
pumpkin beetles,
whitefly,[14] cucumber
beetles[14] flea beetle[14]
Bees, butterflies, ants
Ants (with aphids),
snails, slugs, white
butterfly
Leafhoppers, Japanese
beetles, aphids,
asparagus beetle
Trap crops for aphids, is
among the best at attracting
predatory insects, deters
many pests of cucurbits
A good and nice-smelling
flower that really attracts
ants. It is like the viola
plant, but has two or three
colors in flowers. Helps
alliums and onions, which
repels the white butterfly.
Is a trap crop almost
identical to geraniums in
function
This plant attracts
hoverflies and is good
around plants which are
prone to aphids.[87]
hoverfly
Chives,[14][17]
garlic,[14]
marigolds[14]
Peppers,[65][66]
corn, cucumber,[22]
soybeans,[49]
Swan plant
tomatoes, swan
plant
Aphids
Pole beans[12]
Was grown as a companion
for corn (maize) before
modern Europeans arrived
in the Americas,
supposedly increases their
production, ants herd
aphids onto sunflowers,
keeping them off
neighboring plants. Works
as a trap plant for thrips
keeping them off of bell
peppers.[66] Planting near
swan plants help
sunflowers grow rapidly.
Common name
Swan plant
Scientific name
Helps
Helped by
Attracts
Gomphocarpus
physocarpus,
Sunflower
Asclepias physocarpa,
milkweed
Sunflower, basil
Lathyrus odoratus
Brassica, spinach,
silverbeet and
Bees
salads
Monarch butterfly
-Repels/+distracts
Aphids
Avoid
Comments
Plants that attracts
aphids and spider
mites
Attracts the monarch
butterfly during spring and
summer. Basil repels pests
that attracts by the swan
plant like aphids.
Aphids
An annual climbing plant,
which is like the edible pea.
Makes a good decoration in
your garden or fence.
Sweet pea
Tansy
Tanacetum vulgare
Beans,
brassicas,[11]
cucurbits
(cucumbers,
squash, etc.),
raspberries and
relatives, roses,
corn, fruit trees[1]
Ladybugs, honeybees
flying
insects(Ichneumonid
wasps), ants,[14]
Japanese beetles,[14]
cabbage butterfly,[14]
cabbage maggot,[14]
asparagus beetle,[14]
carrot fly,[14] striped
cucumber beetles,[14]
Colorado potato
beetle,[14] cutworm,[14]
flea beetle,[14] flies,[14]
imported
cabbageworm,[14]
squash bugs,[14] mice
Toxic to people and many
animals, don't plant it
where livestock browse. Is
reputed to generally repel
insects (except for nectareating types).
Zinnia
Zinnia
Beans, tomatoes,
peppers
Whiteflies
Other
Other
Attracts hummingbirds that
eat whiteflies, attracts
pollinators
Common
name
Scientific
name
Helps
Medicago
sativa
Cotton
Peanut
Arachis
hypogaea
Beans, corn,
cucumber,
eggplant, lettuce,
marigold, melon
and sunflower
Walnut tree
Many types of
grass including
Juglans spp. Kentucky
bluegrass (Poa
pratensis).
Alfalfa
Helped by
Attracts
Assassin bug, big-eyed
bug, ladybug, parasitic Lygus bugs
wasps
Avoid
Tomatoes,[76]
Comments
Used by farmers to reduce cotton pests, a good crop to
improve soil; fixes nitrogen like beans do. Also breaks up
fava beans
hardpan and other tough soil. Alfalfa has demonstrated
some allelopathic effects to tomato seedlings[76]
Peanuts encourage growth of corn and squash[88]
European alder
(sacrifice plant),
hairy vetch,[89]
crownvetch,[89]
sericea
lespedeza[89]
https://www.cuteness.com/article/herbs-flowers-repel-dogs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_companion_plants
https://www.growveg.com/clients/growguideplantindex.aspx?c=4
http://www.burpee.com/growingcalendar
-Repels/+distracts
Apple trees, grasses
Black walnut is harmful to the growth of all nightshade
plants, including Datura or Jimson weed, eggplant,
mandrake, deadly nightshade or belladonna, capsicum
(paprika, chile pepper), potato, tomato, and petunia.