2.0 survival of species
1. A species is a group of similar living things that can breed among themselves.
2. Living things reproduce to ensure the survival of their species.
3. Living things that are unable the survival of their species will become extinct.
2.1 survival of animals
1. Animals reproduce by giving giving birth or laying eggs.
2. To ensure the survival of their species ,animals need to protect their eggs and their young.
3. Animals that give birth have different ways to protect and take cae of their young.
Cat suckle their kittens .The mother cat also take cares of her kittens .If there is a danger,the mother
cat will moveher kittens to a safer place.
Kangaroo’s carry their youngin the pouces until their young able to take care of themselves.
Tigers always stay close to their young .They will use their sharp claws and teeth to attack their
enemies.
Penguin live in groups .They help each other to protect their young.
Elephant always stay close to their young to protet them from their enemies.
Spider keeps its eggs in a sac unders its body and brings along the sac wherever it goes.
4. Animals that lay eggs have thir own ways of protecting their eggs and their young.
Animals
How they protect their egs and
their young
Birds
Birds build their nets in safe spots such as on
trees. They incubate their eggs until they
hatch.They feed their young until they are ableto
get food for themselves .They protect their young
from enemies.
Crocodiles
Crocodiles lay eggs in the sand. They guard their
eggs until they hatch.When the eggs hatch they
carry their young in their mouths to the river.
Turtle
Turtle lays eggs in hole.then they hide the eggs by
covering in sand.
Snakes coil their bodies round their eggs .They wil
attack enemies that come near their eggs.
snakes
5. Some animals which lay eggs do not take care of their eggs.
6. Some of them lay a lot f eggs to ensure the survival of their species.
7. Some of them hide their eggs in safe places.
2.2 survival of plants
1.Plants ensure the survival of their species by producing seeds which which can be easily
dispersed.
2.The dispersal of fruits and seeds helps to ensure the survival of the plant species by..
(a) reducing competition between the plant and the parent plant.
(b) enabling the young plants to grow healthly.
(c) reducing overcrowding.
3. Fruits and seeds can b dispersed by water,wind, animals, and explosive mechanism.
a.dispersal by water
1. Plants that grow near the rivers,marshes in or the sea produce fruits and seeds that anbe dispersed by
water.
2. Fruits and seeds which which are dispersed by water have the following special characteristics.
(a) They are light
(b) They are waxy and water proof coverings.
(c) They have husk that can trap air.
3. Examples of fruits and seeds whichare dispersed by water are lotus,mangrove,coconut and nipah.
Plants
Characteristics of the fruits or
seeds
The fruit is cover by waxy skin
and a very hard shell.the fruit
has a husk that can trap air.
Coconut
The fruit is light and spongy.the
fruit has air spaces that enable
it to flow in water
Lotus
b. dispersal by wind
1.Fruits and seeds which are dispersed by wind have the following characteristics.
(a) They are small
(b) They are light
(c) They are wing-like structures
(d) They have fine hairs.
2. Examples fruits and seeds dispersed by wind are angsana ,dandelion,lallang,shorea and cotton.
c. dispersal by animals
1. Fruits and seeds wichare dispersed by animals have he following special characteristic
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
They are brightly coloured
They are fragrant
They are hard seeds
They are fleshy fuits
They are have hooks or spines
2.Example of fruits and seeds which are dispersed by animals are the papaya,tomato,guava,
rambutan,mimosa,love grass and kelulut.
Characteristics of fruits and
seeds
Edible fruits small and hard
seeds brightly coloured
fruits,flesy fruits and
fragrant fruits
Edible fruits,big seeds,
brightly coloured fruits,
flesy fruits and
fragrant fruits
Not edible
Dry and light
Have hooks and spines
How animals disperse the
fruits and seeds
Animals eat the fruits
together with the seeds and
pass out the seeds with the
faeces.
Animals eats the fruits by
discard the seeds.
Animals transports the
fruits that stick to their
bodies.
Example
Papaya,tomato,guava,
watermelon
Rambutan,mango
Mimosa,kelulut,love fruit
d.dispersal by explosive mechanism
1. Some fruits become dry and hard when they are ripe.
2. The fruits spilt and burst to expel the seeds.
3. This process is called explosive mechanism.
4. Seeeds of rubbe tres ,balsa plants ,ladies fingers and chestnuts are dispersed by this method
2.3 importance of survival
1. Living things depends on each other for survival.
2. If some species for living things cannot survive and become extinct,this wil affect other living
things that depend on them.
3. For example,a deer in a forest cannot survive, there will be a shortage of food for tigers that
can live in same habiat.
4. If the deers become extinct,the tigers will also become extinct because of shortage of food.
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