Stevia 2000
301.
Engineering of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase reaction and
product specificity
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology,
Volume 1543, Issue 2, 29 December 2000, Pages 336-360
Bart A. van der Veen, Joost C. M. Uitdehaag, Bauke W. Dijkstra, Lubbert Dijkhuizen
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No abstract is available for this article.
302. Corrigendum to “Biosynthesis of the diterpenoid steviol, an entkaurene derivative from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, via the methylerythritol
phosphate pathway”: [Tetrahedron Letters 41 (2000) 6407]
Tetrahedron Letters, Volume 41, Issue 39, 23 September 2000, Page 7595
Nicole Totté, Lionel Charon, Michel Rohmer, Frans Compernolle, Ilse Baboeuf, Jan
M. C. Geuns
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303. Biosynthesis of the diterpenoid steviol, an ent-kaurene derivative from
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, via the methylerythritol phosphate pathway
Tetrahedron Letters, Volume 41, Issue 33, 12 August 2000, Pages 6407-6410
Nicole Totté, Lionel Charon, Michel Rohmer, Frans Compernolle, Ilse Baboeuf, Jan
M. C. Geuns
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Abstract
As shown from [1-13C]glucose incorporation, steviol, the diterpene aglycone moiety
of stevioside, is synthesized in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni via the mevalonateindependent methylerythritol phosphate pathway.
304. Purification and characterization of UDP-glucose: hydroxycoumarin 7O-glucosyltransferase, with broad substrate specificity from tobacco cultured
cells
Plant Science, Volume 157, Issue 1, 8 August 2000, Pages 105-112
Goro Taguchi, Hirofumi Imura, Yoshio Maeda, Ritsuko Kodaira, Nobuaki Hayashida,
Makoto Shimosaka, Mitsuo Okazaki
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Abstract
The enzyme UDP-glucose: hydroxycoumarin 7-O-glucosyltransferase (CGTase),
which catalyzes the formation of scopolin from scopoletin, was purified
approximately 1200-fold from a culture of 2,4- -treated tobacco cells (Nicotiana
tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow T-13) with a yield of 7%. Purification to apparent
homogeneity, as judged by SDS-PAGE, was achieved by sequential anion-exchange
chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, gel filtration, a second round of
anion-exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography on UDP-glucuronic
acid agarose. The purified enzyme had a pH optimum of 7.5, an isoelectric point (pI)
of 5.0, and a molecular mass of 49 kDa. The enzyme did not require metal cofactors
for activity. Its activity was inhibited by Zn2+, Co2+ and Cu2+ ions, as well as by SHblocking reagents. The Km values for UDP-glucose, scopoletin and esculetin were 43,
150 and 25 μM, respectively. A study of the initial rate of the reaction suggested that
the reaction proceeded via a sequential mechanism. The purified enzyme preferred
hydroxycoumarins as substrates but also exhibited significant activity with flavonoids.
A database search using the amino terminus amino acid sequence of CGTase revealed
strong homology to the amino acid sequences of other glucosyltransferases in plants.
305.Membrane-based separation scheme for processing sweeteners from
stevia leaves
Food Research International, Volume 33, Issue 7, August 2000, Pages 617-620
Shi Qiu Zhang, Ashwani Kumar, Oleh Kutowy
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Abstract
In existing processes, extraction and refining of glycoside based sweeteners from
stevia leaves involves many process steps including extraction by organic solvents.
The purpose of the present study was to develop a process of extraction and refining
of sweeteners with reduced number of unit operations and minimization and/or
elimination of chemical usage including organic solvents. It was found that water was
very effective for extracting glycosides at selected pH and temperatures. It was also
shown that a multi-stage membrane process was successfully able to concentrate the
glycoside sweeteners. Based on the preliminary results, it appears that bitter-tasting
components were washed out from the sweetener concentrate in the nanofiltration
process. This work also has demonstrated that a membrane-based separation process
for refining glycoside-based sweeteners could be viable and needs to be investigated
further.
306. Properties of a glucosyltransferase involved in crocin synthesis
Plant Science, Volume 153, Issue 1, 14 April 2000, Pages 55-63
France Côté, François Cormier, Christiane Dufresne, Claude Willemot
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Abstract
The properties of a partially purified uridine-5′-diphosphoglucose (UDP-glucose)–
crocetin 8,8′-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.) involved in crocin synthesis are
described. The enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of crocin by forming ester
bonds between the carboxyl groups of crocetin and the glucose moiety of UDPglucose. The enzyme has been purified 125-fold trough a multi-step process of
acetone fractionation, anion-exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. The native
molecular weight is in the range of 47 kDa, as estimated by analytical gel filtration.
The most purified preparation showed isoforms between pH 4.4 and 4.8 when
resolved by IEF. The enzyme had maximal activity at 40°C, apparent Km values for
UDP-glucose and crocetin were 0.72 and 0.17 mM, respectively, and Vmax, 30
pkatal/mg.
307. 108 Extracts from Stevia rebaudiana is a potent anti-rotavirus inhibitor
in vitro and in vivo : K. Takahashi, S.Mori, N. Sato and S.Shigeta Fukushima
Medical University, Fukushimashi, Japan, JBB Stevia Research Institute
Antiviral Research, Volume 46, Issue 1, April 2000, Page A67
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No abstract is available for this article.
308. Stevioside acts directly on pancreatic β cells to secrete insulin: Actions
independent of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and adenosine triphosphate—
sensitivie K+-channel activity
Metabolism, Volume 49, Issue 2, February 2000, Pages 208-214
P.B. Jeppesen, S. Gregersen, C.R. Poulsen, K. Hermansen
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Abstract | References
The natural sweetener stevioside, which is found in the plant Stevia rebaudiana
Bertoni, has been used for many years in the treatment of diabetes among Indians in
Paraguay and Brazil. However, the mechanism for the blood glucose—lowering effect
remains unknown . To elucidate the impact of stevioside and its aglucon steviol on
insulin release from normal mouse islets and the β-cell line INS-1 were used. Both
stevioside and steviol (1 nmol/L to 1 mmol/L) dose-dependently enhanced insulin
secretion from incubated mouse islets in the presence of 16.7 mmol/L glucose (P <
.05). The insulinotropic effects of stevioside and steviol were critically dependent on
the prevailing glucose concentration, ie, stevioside (1 mmol/L) and steviol (1 μmol/L)
only potentiated insulin secretion at or above 8.3 mmol/L glucose (P < .05).
Interestingly, the insulinotropic effects of both stevioside and steviol were preserved
in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. During perifusion of islets, stevioside (1 mmol/L)
and steviol (1 μmol/L) had a long-lasting and apparently reversible insulinotropic
effect in the presence of 16.7 mmol/L glucose (P < .05). To determine if stevioside
and steviol act directly on β cells, the effects on INS-1 cells were also investigated.
Stevioside and steviol both potentiated insulin secretion from INS-1 cells (P < .05).
Neither stevioside (1 to 100 μmol/L) nor steviol (10 nmol/L to 10 μmol/L) influenced
the plasma membrane K+ adenosine triphosphate (KATP+)-sensitive channel activitiy,
nor did they alter cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in islets. In
conclusion, stevioside and steviol stimulate insulin secretion via a direct action on β
cells. The results indicate that the compounds may have a potential role as
antihyperglycemic agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
309. Dietary Supplements and Lessons to Be Learned from GRAS
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 31, Issue 1, February 2000, Pages
68-76
George A. Burdock
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Abstract
The demand for dietary supplements by the public has transformed this once cottage
industry into a 12-billion-dollar-per-year business. Restrictive actions against dietary
supplements by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prompted Congress to
enact new and more permissive amendments governing dietary supplements (Dietary
Supplement Health and Education Act, DSHEA) to the Federal Food, Drug and
Cosmetic (FFD&C) Act in 1994. A comparison is made between the present status of
dietary supplement regulation and the concept of general recognition of safety
(GRAS) under conditions of intended use as set forth by the landmark 1958 Food
Additive Amendment to the FFD&C Act. An argument is posited for use of
applicable principles learned in nearly 40 years of experience with determining the
GRAS status for hundreds of substances to problems posed by dietary supplements.
310. Komplementärmedizinische Therapieverfahren
Gynäkologie integrativ (First Edition), 2000, Pages 48-160
Ansgar Römer, Birgit Seybold-Kellner, Stefan Weinschenk, Claudia Müller, Dorothee
Struck, Beate Beyerle, Bernd Kleine-Gunk, Uwe Gröber, Ingrid Gerhard, Anja Maria
Engelsing, Christoph Zerm, Alfred Längler, Heinz Schilcher, Winfried Miller,
Andreas Schwiertz, György Irmey, Götz Lehe, Karin Willeck, Mathias Wiemers,
Alexander Wunsch
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No abstract is available for this article.
311. The essential oil cookbook. Outrageous recipes for weight control and
long life : 2nd ed. Menkit Prince Published by Earth Love Enterprises US$ 24.95
178 pages; spiral back
International Journal of Aromatherapy, Volume 10, Issues 1-2, 2000, Pages 73-74
RH
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Abstract
No abstract is available for this article.
312. Secretory structures of aromatic and medicinal plants. A review and
atlas of micrographs : Katerina P. Svoboda and Tomas G. Svoboda Published by
Microscopix Publications UK & Eire £30.00 60 pages; paperback ISBN 0
9538461 0 5
International Journal of Aromatherapy, Volume 10, Issues 1-2, 2000, Page 74
LD
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313. The first example of a tweezer-like structure in diterpene derivatives of
the kaurane series
Mendeleev Communications, Volume 10, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 195-196
Vladimir A. Alfonsov, Galina A. Bakaleynik, Aidar T. Gubaidullin, Vladimir E.
Kataev, Galina I. Kovyljaeva, Alexander I. Konovalov, Igor A. Litvinov, Irina Yu.
Strobykina, Olga V. Andreeva, Maya G. Korochkina
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The first compound with a tweezer-like structure in diterpene derivatives of the
kaurane series was obtained in the reaction of the acid chloride of isosteviol with
diethylene glycol.
314. Chapter Five Biochemical, molecular, genetic and evolutionary aspects
of defense-related terpenoid metabolism in conifers
Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, Volume 34, 2000, Pages 109-150
Jörg Bohlmann, Jonathan Gershenzon, Sébastien Aubourg
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No abstract is available for this article.
315. Chapter Ten Glycosyltransferases involved in plant secondary
metabolism
Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, Volume 34, 2000, Pages 317-347
Thomas Vogt
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Summary
The glycosyltmnferases of plant secondary metabolism constiaite a super family of
modifying enzymes involved in late steps of the biosynthesis of naaaal products.
PtaJfication and characterization revealed several conserved properties of
allglycosyltransfemses. These include similar molecular weights and a tendency to
bind tohydrophobic and dye ligand malrices, both successfully used in the purification
ofindividual enzymes. Heterologous cloning and expression studies of various
glycosyltmnsfemse genes unequivocally defined high subslrate specificities, even
region specificities towards the sugar acceptor. This is reflected in a dendrogram
deduced from amino acid sequence data, which can be interpreted by subsaate
similarities, raltaer than taxonomic classification of the corresponding plant source.
While pudtication of glycosyllransferases from A. thaliana is a challenging task due
to the limited amount of plant tissue, functional analysis may start at the nucleotide
sequence level by sequence similarity search and heterologous expression of the
deduced proteins. These functionalstudies will merit fialher investigations, since the
complexity of potential glucosyllramferase targets including xenobiotics, plant and
insect hormones, and putative drugs has only been partly realized.177 With these goals
in mind, a refined classification of the glucosyltranferase superfamily in plants,
similar to the analysis presented forglucuronosyltransferases of animal tissues,7 might
be within reach over the next few years, and probably will enable the design of new
erm3anes with defined substrate sqaecificities and new properties.
316.Index
Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, Volume 34, 2000, Pages 457-467
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No abstract is available for this article.
317. Bioactive compounds from selected plants used in the XVI century
mexican traditional medicine
Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Volume 24, Part 5, 2000, Pages 799-844
E. BÉjar, R. Reyes-Chilpa, M. JimÉnez-Estrada
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Abstract
Mexican ethnobotanical documents from the XVI century have inspired the search of
plant bioactive compounds. These treatises were written by Native American and
Spaniard naturalists after the Spanish conquest of México in 1521, and contain
painstaking descriptions of more than 3,000 plants. The present and ancient native
medical applications of selected plants quoted in these ethnohistorical sources are
revisited and discussed under the current chemical and biological knowledge.
Phytochemicals isolated from Montanoa tomentosa Cerv (cihuapatli), Piqueria
trinervia Cav (cuapupoltzin) (Asteraceae), Pachyrrhizus erosus L. (Sor.) (coentic)
(Leguminosae), Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth (nantzinxocotl) (Malphighiaceae),
Castilleja tenuiflora Benth (atzoyatl), and Penstemon barbatus Nutt (chilpanxochitl)
(Scrophulariaceae) comprise: alkaloids, non-protein aminoacids, aryl coumarins,
diterpenes,
flavonoids,
iridoids,
monoterpenes,
phenyl
propanoids,
proanthocyanidines, rotenoids, sesquiterpene lactones, sterols, glycolipids, and
triterpenes. These compounds elicit a broad spectrum of activities including
acaricidal, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antisecretory,
antiserotonergic, choleretic, cytotoxic, herbicidal, insecticide, molluscicidal,
spasmogenic, spasmolytic, and trypanosomal.
52: Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2000;31 Suppl 1:171-3.
Related Articles, Links
Aritajat S, Kaweewat K, Manosroi J, Manosroi A (2000). Dominant lethal test in
rats treated with some plant extracts. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public
Health. 31 Suppl 1:171-3.
Dominant lethal test in rats treated with some plant extracts.
Aritajat S, Kaweewat K, Manosroi J, Manosroi A.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
[email protected]
The present study was undertaken to investigate the toxic effect of aqueous
extracts of Aegle marmelos (AM), Stevia rebaudiana (SR), Pouteria
cambodiana (PC) and Clausena excavata (CE) on rats by dominant lethal test.
The data of 8-week treatment suggested that none of the extracts adversely
affected male body and testicular weights as well as cauda epididymal sperm
counts. No notable changes in sperm morphology and motility were observed.
On the other hand, sperm count in the CE group was significantly higher as
compared to both control and other treatment groups. There were no abnormal
changes in the number of implantation sites, number of viable fetuses and
number of dead fetuses in females mated with plant extract-treated males
relative to controls. Based on these results, it could be concluded that all
the investigated plant extracts have no toxic effect on male rat
reproduction and progeny outcome.
PMID: 11414451 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
55: Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Sep;50(3):215-20.
Related Articles, Links
Chan P, Tomlinson B, Chen YJ, Liu JC, Hsieh MH, Cheng JT. (2000). A doubleblind placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness and tolerability of oral
stevioside in human hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 50(3):215-20.
A double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness and
tolerability of oral stevioside in human hypertension.
Chan P, Tomlinson B, Chen YJ, Liu JC, Hsieh MH, Cheng JT.
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taipei Medical College and affiliated
Taipei Wan Fang Hospital, Taiwan.
AIMS: Stevioside is a natural plant glycoside isolated from the plant Stevia
rebaudiana which has been commercialized as a sweetener in Japan for more
than 20 years. Previous animal studies have shown that stevioside has an
antihypertensive effect. This study was to designed to evaluate the effect of
stevioside in human hypertension. METHODS: A multicentre, randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken. This study group
consisted of 106 Chinese hypertensive subjects with diastolic blood pressure
between 95 and 110 mmHg and ages ranging from 28 to 75 years with 60
subjects (men 34, women 26; mean +/- s.d., 54.1+/-3.8 years) allocated to
active treatment and 46 (men 19, women 27; mean +/- s.d., 53.7+/-4.1 years)
to placebo treatment. Each subject was given capsules containing stevioside
(250 mg) or placebo thrice daily and followed-up at monthly intervals for 1
year. RESULTS: After 3 months, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of
the stevioside group decreased significantly (systolic: 166.0+/-9.4-152.6+/-6.8
mmHg; diastolic: 104.7 +/- 5.2-90.3+/-3.6 mmHg, P<0.05), and the effect
persisted during the whole year. Blood biochemistry parameters including
lipid and glucose showed no significant changes. No significant adverse effect
was observed and quality of life assessment showed no deterioration.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that oral stevioside is a well tolerated
and effective modality that may be considered as an alternative or
supplementary therapy for patients with hypertension.
Publication Types:



Clinical Trial
Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
PMID: 10971305 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
56: J Nat Prod. 2000 Feb;63(2):226-9.
Related Articles, Links
Grindelane diterpenoids from Stevia subpubescens.
Roman LU, Cambron JI, del Rio RE, Hernandez JD, Cerda-Garcia-Rojas
CM, Joseph-Nathan P.
Instituto de Investigaciones Quimico-Biologicas, Universidad Michoacana de
San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Apartado 137, Morelia, Michoacan, 58000 Mexico.
Four new 9R,13R-epoxylabdane diterpenes (1-4) and a known clerodane
derivative, 3,4beta-epoxy-5beta,10beta-cis-17alpha, 20alpha-clerod-13(14)en-15,16-olide, were isolated from the leaves of Stevia subpubescens. The
structures, which correspond to the grindelane class of diterpenoids, were
elucidated by NMR data, chemical correlation, and single-crystal X-ray
diffraction analysis of monoacetate 5. The absolute configuration of 1-4 is
based on the optical activity of ketone 3 as compared with data of closely
related substances.
PMID: 10691714 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
57: Metabolism. 2000 Feb;49(2):208-14.
Related Articles, Links
Jeppesen PB, Gregersen S, Poulsen CR, Hermansen K (2000). Stevioside
acts directly on pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin: actions
independent of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and adenosine
triphosphate-sensitive K+-channel activity. Metabolism. 2000
Feb;49(2):208-14.
Stevioside acts directly on pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin:
actions independent of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and
adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+-channel activity.
Jeppesen PB, Gregersen S, Poulsen CR, Hermansen K.
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aarhus University Hospital,
Denmark.
The natural sweetener stevioside, which is found in the plant Stevia
rebaudiana Bertoni, has been used for many years in the treatment of diabetes
among Indians in Paraguay and Brazil. However, the mechanism for the blood
glucose-lowering effect remains unknown. To elucidate the impact of
stevioside and its aglucon steviol on insulin release from normal mouse islets
and the beta-cell line INS-1 were used. Both stevioside and steviol (1 nmol/L
to 1 mmol/L) dose-dependently enhanced insulin secretion from incubated
mouse islets in the presence of 16.7 mmol/L glucose (P < .05). The
insulinotropic effects of stevioside and steviol were critically dependent on
the prevailing glucose concentration, ie, stevioside (1 mmol/L) and steviol (1
micromol/L) only potentiated insulin secretion at or above 8.3 mmol/L
glucose (P < .05). Interestingly, the insulinotropic effects of both stevioside
and steviol were preserved in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. During
perifusion of islets, stevioside (1 mmol/L) and steviol (1 micromol/L) had a
long-lasting and apparently reversible insulinotropic effect in the presence of
16.7 mmol/L glucose (P < .05). To determine if stevioside and steviol act
directly on beta cells, the effects on INS-1 cells were also investigated.
Stevioside and steviol both potentiated insulin secretion from INS-1 cells (P <
.05). Neither stevioside (1 to 100 micromol/L) nor steviol (10 nmol/L to 10
micromol/L) influenced the plasma membrane K+ adenosine triphosphate
((K+)ATP)-sensitive channel activity, nor did they alter cyclic adenosine
monophosphate (cAMP) levels in islets. In conclusion, stevioside and steviol
stimulate insulin secretion via a direct action on beta cells. The results
indicate that the compounds may have a potential role as
antihyperglycemic agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PMID: 10690946 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
58: J Nat Prod. 2000 Jan;63(1):12-5.
Related Articles, Links
Longipinane derivatives from Stevia connata.
Sanchez-Arreola E, Cerda-Garcia-Rojas CM, Roman LU, Hernandez JD,
Joseph-Nathan P.
Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados
del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, Mexico, D. F., 07000
Mexico.
The hexane extracts of the roots of Stevia connata afforded three new
longipinene derivatives, longipinane-7beta,8alpha, 9alpha-triol-1-one 7angelate-8-methylbutyrate (1), longipin-2-ene-7beta,8alpha,9alpha-triol-1-one
8,9-diangelate (6), and longipin-2-ene-7beta,8alpha,9alpha-triol-1-one 8angelate-9-methylbutyrate (8), together with the known longipinane7beta,8alpha,9alpha-triol-1-one
8,9-diangelate
(2),
longipinane7beta,8alpha,9alpha-triol-1-one
7,9-diangelate
(3),
longipinane7beta,8alpha,9alpha-triol-1-one
7,8-diangelate
(4),
longipin-2-ene7beta,8alpha,9alpha-triol-1-one
7,8-diangelate
(5),
longipin-2-ene7beta,8alpha,9alpha-triol-1-one 7-angelate-8-methylbutyrate (12), and
stigmasterol. The structures of the new compounds were determined by
chemical transformations and spectral methods including 2D NMR
measurements. Spontaneous intramolecular transesterifications starting from
the 8-angelate-9-methylbutyrate 8 provided an equilibrated mixture of the 7angelate-9-methylbutyrate 10, the 7-angelate-8-methylbutyrate 12 and the
starting material when stored in MeOH-H(2)O solution, while the 8,9diangelate 6 only provided a binary mixture of the 7, 9-diangelate 7 and the
starting material under the same conditions. The structures of 6-8, 10, and 12
and those of the nonisolable reaction intermediates 9, 11, and 14 were further
evaluated by AM1 semiempirical calculations.
PMID: 10650070 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
*********************************************************************
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering
versionPrint ISSN 0104-6632
Braz. J. Chem. Eng. vol.17 n.3 São Paulo Sept. 2000
doi: 10.1590/S0104-66322000000300003
EXTRACTION OF STEVIA GLYCOSIDES WITH CO2 + WATER,
CO2 + ETHANOL, AND CO2 + WATER + ETHANO
1
A. Pasquel1,2, M.A.A. Meireles1*, M.O.M. Marques3 and A.J. Petenate4
LASEFI, Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Unicamp, Cx. Postal 6121,
13083-970
Campinas - SP, Brazil Phone: 55 19 788-4033; Fax 55 19 788-4027,
E-mail: [email protected];
2
Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad Nacional de la
Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru.
3
LPN, Centro de Genética, Biologia Molecular e Fitoquímica,
Instituto Agronômico, Campinas - SP, Brazil
4
Departamento de Estatística (IMECC), Unicamp, Cx.
Postal 6065, 13083-970 Campinas, SP - Brazil
(Received: March 29, 2000 ; Accepted: April 23, 2000)
‫البحث كامل موجود‬
Abstract - Stevia leaves are an important source of natural sugar substitute. There
are some restrictions on the use of stevia extract because of its distinctive aftertaste.
Some authors attribute this to soluble material other than the stevia glycosides, even
though it is well known that stevia glycosides have to some extent a bitter taste.
Therefore, the purpose of this work was to develop a process to obtain stevia extract
of a better quality. The proposed process includes two steps: i) Pretreatment of the
leaves by SCFE; ii) Extraction of the stevia glycosides by SCFE using CO2 as solvent
and water and/or ethanol as cosolvent.
The mean total yield for SCFE pretreatment was 3.0%. The yields for SCFE with
cosolvent of stevia glycosides were below 0.50%, except at 120 bar, 16°C, and 9.5%
(molar) of water. Under this condition, total yield was 3.4%. The quality of the
glycosidic fraction with respect to its capacity as sweetener was better for the SCFE
extract as compared to extract obtained by the conventional process. The overall
extraction curves were well described by the Lack extended model.
Keywords: stevia, supercritical extraction, mass transfer, stevioside, rebaudioside-A,
glycoside, cosolvent, water, ethanol.