Fermi
Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Status and Requests to
INFN - 2012
R. Bellazzini
INFN-Pisa
Fermi Italian program manager
Outline
 2011 Science Highlights
– Catalogs (sources, PSR, GRBs)
– Crab flares
– Positron spectrum
– Pass8 reconstruction
 Paper status
 Attivita’ a Pisa
 Richieste
2
• Fermi began 2010 with recognition as one of
the top 10 science breakthroughs of 2009
Science, December 2009
Breakthrough of the Year was the
reconstruction of the 4.4-million-year-old
Ardipithecus ramidus skeleton
January 20, 2011
FERMI TEAM WINS TOP HIGH-ENERGY PRIZE The 2011 Rossi Prize
has been awarded to two scientists and the team of the Large Area
Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. The prize
was given for new insights into neutron stars, supernova remnants,
cosmic rays, binary systems, active galactic nuclei, and gamma-ray
bursts that their work enabled…
3
The 2011 Fermi Symposium
400 attendees - 95 talks - 310 posters
4
Non-trivial Trivia
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June 11 - 3 years in orbit
>16k orbits
~180B triggers in space
>99% uptime
~600 M photons
> 8 TB public data served
5
Towards the 2 year Fermi LAT Source
catalog
28M photons initial dataset
Updated diffuse emission model
Includes 12 extended source (SNR, CenA, LMC, SMC ..)
Test additional spectral hypothesis beyond simple PL
(logparabola, exponential cut-off for PSR)
6
2FGL Classifications
7
Towards a second Fermi PSR Catalog
Green -- 34 radio ephemeris (young, and not-so-young)
Red – 27 radio MSP
Blue – 27 = 26 blind g search+geminga
There were 46 in the “1st Fermi Pulsar Catalog”,
Abdo et al. ApJS 187, 460 (2010)
8
Fermi GRB detections as of 2011-01-20
~550 GBM GRB (since Aug 2008)
27 LAT GRB (7 LAT LLE-only GRB)
Circles:
In Field-of-view of LAT (<70˚): 275
Out of the FOV
Squares:
LAT detections
11 months Fermi LAT count map
PRELIMINARY
First Fermi LAT GRB catalog in preparation
9
Gamma-ray flares from the Crab Nebula
Science 331, 817 (2010); seen by AGILE and Fermi LAT
1st reports of variability of high-energy -ray emission from
Crab nebula
Spectral energy distribution (25 months)
synchrotron
brief flare timescales
(4 days) imply compact
flaring region:
L < Dct < 1.4x10-2 pc
(1.5 arcsec)
average spectrum
February 2009
September 2010
Compton
structures this small only
found in inner part of
nebula, close to the
pulsar wind termination
shock, the base of the jet,
or the pulsar.
spectrum and short flare time scales imply that emission is
synchrotron radiation (electron cooling timescales for IC
emission & bremsstrahlung ≥ 107 yr.)
detection of synchrotron photons up to ≥ 1 GeV
implies electrons accelerated to ≥ 1 PeV in the nebula.
efficiency of synchrotron losses requires a strong electric field
to compensate; severe difficulties for diffusive shock
acceleration mechanism.
10
peak flux on April 14:
(12.1 +/-0.6) x10-6 ph/cm2/sec
average Crab flux: (2.9 +/- 0.1) x10-6 ph/cm2/sec
Brightest
source in the
sky during the
2011 flare
11
Positrons with the LAT - principle
CRE candidates selected with standard electron event selection
12
Positrons with the LAT – background
plus a pure Monte-Carlo based estimation of proton contamination (similar to
13
inclusive CRE analysis)
Positron spectrum with the LAT
Two methods in agreements
Confirms rising positron fraction
from Pamela
14
CRE and Earth field for energy scale
 Mesaure CRE spectrum and fit cutoff at different
geomagnetic locations in the orbit
 Compare with tracer expectations for cutoff
 Deriven energy scale known with 2% accuracy between 6
and 13 GeV
8/1/2017
15
Pass8 – Maximizing the science return
from the Fermi Large Area Telescope
8/1/2017
16
Pass8 – Handling ghost events
 g-ray overlaid with instrumental pile-up (before Pass8)
– Estimated deposited energy is wrong
– Calorimeter centroid and axis are wrong
– Overall calorimeter topology is wrong: a good g-ray is
17
rejected!
Pass8 – recovering ghost events
 g-ray overlaid with instrumental pile-up (Pass8)
 g-ray and ghost separated; energy deposit, centroid
and axis are correct
– Classification stage added downstream the clustering
– The first cluster looks like a g-ray: the event is
recovered!
18
Pass8 - Schedule
19
Collaboration publications
20
citations
Fermi papers and citations
papers
h index = 35
21
Fermi LAT papers and citations
Total citations to LAT papers: 4,119
2,320 citations to date of ~100 Fermi LAT Collaboration papers
# citations
•
“Measurement of the Cosmic Ray e++ e- Spectrum from 20 GeV
to 1 TeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope” (05/2009)
456
•
“The Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space
Telescope Mission” (09/2008)
432
•
“Fermi/Large Area Telescope Bright Gamma-Ray Source List”
(07/2009)
245
•
“Bright Active Galactic Nuclei Source List from the First Three
Months of the Fermi Large Area Telescope All-Sky Survey”
(07/2009)
207
•
“Fermi Observations of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from
GRB 080916C” (03/2009)
194
•
“The First Fermi LAT Catalog of High-Energy Gamma-Ray
Sources” (06/2010)
174
•
“The First Fermi LAT Catalog of Gamma-Ray Pulsars” (04/2010)
127
•
“A limit on the variation of the speed of light arising from quantum
gravity effects” (11/2009)
115
22
Top 20 publications in astrophysics
Source: NASA ADS
published in 2009
1. Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
2.
Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Likelihoods and Parameters from the WMAP Data
3.
Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Data Processing, Sky Maps, and Basic Results
4.
An anomalous positron abundance in cosmic rays with energies 1.5-100GeV
5.
The Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
6. Measurement of the Cosmic Ray e++ e- Spectrum from 20 GeV to 1 TeV with the Fermi Large Area
Telescope
7.
A theory of dark matter
8. The Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Mission
9.
Search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles with the First Five-Tower Data from the Cryogenic Dark Matter
Search at the Soudan Underground Laboratory
10. The Chemical Composition of the Sun
11. New Measurement of the Antiproton-to-Proton Flux Ratio up to 100 GeV in the Cosmic Radiation
12. Model-independent implications of the e, p¯ cosmic ray spectra on properties of Dark Matter
13. Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Angular Power Spectra
14. Improved Dark Energy Constraints from ~100 New CfA Supernova Type Ia Light Curves
15. Fermi Large Area Telescope Bright Gamma-Ray Source List
16. High-Resolution CMB Power Spectrum from the Complete ACBAR Data Set
17. Lectures on holographic methods for condensed matter physics
18. Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation
19. Pulsars as the sources of high energy cosmic ray positrons
20. A Redetermination of the Hubble Constant with the Hubble Space Telescope from a Differential Distance Ladder 23
Top 20 publications in astrophysics
Source: NASA ADS
published in 2010
1.
f(R) theories of gravity
2.
Dark Matter Search Results from the CDMS II Experiment
3.
Herschel Space Observatory. An ESA facility for far-infrared and submillimetre astronomy
4.
Baryon acoustic oscillations in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 galaxy sample
5. Fermi Large Area Telescope First Source Catalog
6.
First Dark Matter Results from the XENON100 Experimentt
7.
The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the Herschel Space Observatory
8.
The Herschel-SPIRE instrument and its in-flight performance
9.
Spectra and Hubble Space Telescope Light Curves of Six Type Ia Supernovae at 0.511 < z
10. The diversity and similarity of simulated cold dark matter haloes
11. The First Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars
12. Cosmological constraints from the clustering of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7 luminous red galaxies
13. Understanding the origin of CMB constraints on dark energy
14. f(R) Theories
15. Thermodynamical aspects of gravity: new insights
16. Discovery of z ~ 8 Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field from Ultra-Deep WFC3/IR Observations
17. Kepler Planet-Detection Mission: Introduction and First Results
18. The First Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope
19. Spectrum of the Isotropic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission Derived from First-Year Fermi Large Area
Telescope Data
20. HAT-P-11b: A Super-Neptune Planet Transiting a Bright K Star in the Kepler Field
24
collaboration science group leads (March 2011)
Analysis Coordinator
Gino Tosti
CR bubble
Carmelo Sgro
MariaElena Monzani
Legend
Rotating out
INFN
25
Attivita’ a Pisa per il 2011/2012
 Collaboration management
– SSAC, Speakers Bureau
 Instrument calibration and performance
– Group coordination (meetings, papers)
– Pass8
– CAL clustering and classification
– Validation datasets
– Event selection
 Instrument Operations
– Data monitoring coordination and shifts
– Pipeline operations
Attivita’ a Pisa per il 2009/2010
 Cosmic Ray Electron analysis
– Group coordination (meetings, papers)
– Pass8 CRE event selection
– Updated energy spectrum
– Charge resolved spectra
 Galactic sources
– Blind search for binary stars
– Extension to ms PSR
 Dark Matter
– Group coordination (meetings, papers)
Nome
Percentuale
Universita’ Pisa
60%
INFN, PM Fermi-Italia
100%
INFN
100%
Universita’ Pisa
100%
Sissa, on leave at SNS
50%
P.Mazzali
OAP,on leave at SNS
50%
S. Shore
Universita’ Pisa
50%
G.Spandre
INFN
100%
L. Baldini
INFN (art. 23)
100%
INFN (borsista INFN)
100%
INFN (art.23)
100%
L. Latronico
INFN (sede Torino)
40%
C. Sgrò
INFN (assegnista)
100%
M. Razzano
INFN (assegnista)
100%
M.Pesce-Rollins
INFN (assegnista)`
100%
D. Gaggero
Universita’ Pisa, PhD student
100%
M. Tinivella
Universita’ Pisa, PhD student
100%
F. Angelini
R. Bellazzini
A. Brez
M.M. Massai
E. Pian
Gruppo Fermi
INFN-Pisa
Affiliazione
J. Bregeon
M. Kuss
Totale FTE
M. Ceccanti
M. Minuti
M. Pinchera
Tecnico alte tecnologie
Tecnico elettronico
Ingegnere meccanico
Richieste Finanziarie anno 2010
Richieste finanziarie (K€)*
Capitolo
Voci specifiche
Subtotale
totale
160
160
13
Apparati
Operating Common Funds
Materiale
inventariabile
storage, espansioni memoria, licenze software
5
Worker nodes farm Pisa
5
Server analisi di gruppo
3
Consumo
Metabolismo e maintainance strumentazione e camera pulita
20
20
Missioni
estero
Viaggi e missioni project manager
10
183
5 mu a SLAC per turni ISOC
41
3 collaboration meeting per 8 persone, per 1 settimana
50
10 mu per missioni per SWG (analisi, coordinamento,
simulazioni)
82
Riunioni collaborazione italiana
10
Riunioni di lavoro per analisi e coordinamento
15
Missioni italia
Totale
* profilo di spesa costante per i prossimi 3 anni
25
391
Richieste Personale Sezione Pisa anno
2010
Richieste di personale di sezione
Attivita’
Descrizione
Centro di calcolo
 setup e manutenzione macchine per
simulazione/ricostruzione (5 worker
nodes GRID)
 setup e manutenzione server di analisi
e storage centralizzato (10 TB)
* (0.15 FTE, 2mu per 3 FTE)
Lavoro
5% farm (CPU+storage)*