FINAL DNA, RNA, PROTEIN REVIEW – ANSWER THE FOLLOWING ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER.
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Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of _______ .
A nucleotide consists of _______, _________, and __________.
The part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid is named is the _______.
Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?
Which of the following is not true about DNA replication?
a.
It occurs during the S phase of cell cycle
b.
Two complementary strands are duplicated.
c.
The double strand unwinds and unzips while it is being duplicated.
d.
The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens.
RNA differs from DNA in that RNA
a. _______b. _______c. _______
In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to _______.
The function of rRNA is to form _______.
During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is “rewritten” as a molecule
of _______.
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n) _______.
Each of the following is a type of RNA except____________.
a. Carrier RNA b. Messenger RNA c. Ribosomal RNA d. Transfer RNA
What happens when an error is made in the replication process?
The form of RNA that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes is _______.
Refer to the illustration. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following
sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the
portion of the genetic code given to determine which of the following contains a DNA
sequence that codes for this amino acid sequence.
a. AUGGGUCUAUAUACG
b. ATGGGTCTATATACG
c. GCAAACTCGCGCGTA
d. ATAGGGCTTTAAACA
mRNA codons
amino acid
UAU, UAC
tyrosine
CCU, CCC, CCA,
CCG
proline
GAU, GAC
aspartic acid
AUU, AUC, AUA
isoleucine
UGU, UGC
cysteine
15. Transfer RNA ___________________.
a.
carries an amino acid to its correct codon.
b.
synthesizes amino acids as they are needed.
c.
produces codons to match the correct anticodons.
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converts DNA into mRNA.
16. Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to ___.
17. A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing
base is called a(n) _______
18. The name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up the backbone of molecules of DNA is _______
19. Watson and Crick determined that DNA molecules have the shape of a(n) _______
20. Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen bases in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be
_________to each other.
21. The process by which DNA copies itself is called _______
22. The nitrogen-containing base that is only found in RNA is _______
23. Messenger RNA is produced during the process of _____
24. During translation, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules of _______
25. Nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to codons on mRNA are called _______
26. The sequence of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids or stop signals in the
synthesis of protein is called a(n) _______
27. The information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein during the
process of _____
28. Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.
_____ pairs with ______
______ pairs with _________
29. For each process below, identify where it occurs in the cell and what is produced.
Replication:
Transcription:
Translation
30. List three differences between DNA and RNA
31. Identify 3 types of RNA, where they are found and what they do.
32. Use your codon chart on to complete the table below.
TTC
DNA Triplet
mRNA codon
UAG
CAG
tRNA anti-codon
Amino acid
coded
met
33. Using the following DNA sequences, identify each of the following: Mutations: substitution,
insertion and deletion. REFER TO THE LIST BELOW FOR HELP!
TAC GCC AGC CCG AGC TAT AAA ATT
Mutation: ___________________________
1: TAC GCA GCC CGA GCT ATA AAA TT
Mutation ___________________________
2: TAC GCC AGC CCG AAC TAT AAA ATT
Mutation ___________________________
3: TAC GCC ATG CCC GAG CTA TAA AAT T
34. Which mutations above would have the have the greatest impact on an organism? Why?
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36. the amounts of adenine and thymine are almost always equal, as are the amounts of guanine
and cytosine.
37. Questions #37 Fill in the chart!
Adenine
% of Each
Base Pair
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Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
38%
List the 4 basic steps in DNA replication.
What ENZYME is present in the first step of DNA replication.
What ENZYME is present to bring free nucleotides to form new DNA .
LIST THE DNA STRAND THAT IS COMPLIMENTARY TO THE FOLLOWING DNA STRAND.
5’ AAT CCG GCA TCA ACG 3’
42. LIST THE RNA STRAND THAT IS COMPLIMENTARY TO THE FOLLOWING DNA STRAND.
5’ AAT CCG GCA TCA ACG 3’
43. USE THE CODON CHART TO LIST THE AMINO ACIDS FOR DNA STRAND BELOW.
5’ AAT CCG GCA TCA ACG 3’
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1. insertion – an extra nucleotide is added to the sequence.
2. deletion – a nucleotide is removed from the sequence.
3. inversion – a sequence of nucleotides is switched.
4. duplication – a nucleotide or sequence of nucleotides is repeated.
5. substitution – a nucleotide is replaced with a different nucleotide.
Determine the type of DNA mutation.
Original DNA ATGCATGCAT
TACGTACGTA
Mutated DNA ATGCATACAT
TACGTATGTA
Determine the type of DNA mutation.
Original DNA ATGCATGCAT
TACGTACGTA
Mutated DNA ATGCATGCATG
TACGTACGTAC
Determine the type of DNA mutation.
Original DNA: ATGCATGCAT
TACGTACGTA
Mutated DNA: ATGCATGCA
TACGTACGT
Label the drawing
USE THE SECOND SLIDESHOW “DNA, RNA, PROTEIN VOCABULARY” FOR FLASHCARDS.