To Measure Specific Heat Capacity of a solid by method of mixtures
Data Collection & Processing
ASPECT
1
RECORDING
RAW DATA
PROCESSING
RAW DATA
PRESENTING
PROCESSED
DATA TOTAL
MARKS AWARDED
Conclusion & Evaluation
ASPECT 2
MARKS AWARDED
CONCLUSION
EVALUATING
PROCEDURES
IMPROVING THE
INVESTIGATION
TOTAL
AIM:
To find the specific heat capacity of a solid by method of mixtures.
Materials Required:
calorimeter, Thermometer (110 ˚ c), stopwatch, weighing machine.
Background Theory:
1. Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 Kg of that substance by 1˚ c.
2. Thermal equilibrium is a state when the amount of heat given by one body to another
is equal to the amount of heat energy given by second body to the first and the
temperatures remain constant.
Data Collection:
Least count of Thermometer: 1ºC Uncertainty of Thermometer: 0.5ºC
Least count of Weighing Scale: 0.1g = 0.0001kg Uncertainty of Weighing Scale: 0.1g =
0.0001kg
Mass of metal: 24.6 ± 0.0001 kg
Mass of copper calorimeter: 42.5 ± 0.0001 kg
Specific Heat Capacity of water: 4186 J kg-1 ºC-1
Specific Heat Capacity of copper: 390 J kg -1 ºC-1
1 H1 :- Specific Heat Capacity Of Water
Observation:
Case 1:
Mass of Water: 0.05 ± 0.0001 kg
Initial Temperature of Water and Calorimeter:
22 ± 0.5 ºC Initial Temperature of Metal: 95 ±
0.5 ºC
Final Temperature of the mixture: 25 ± 0.5 ºC
Case 2:
Mass of Water: 0.08 ± 0.0001 kg
Initial Temperature of Water and Calorimeter:
24 ± 0.5 ºC Initial Temperature of Metal: 95 ±
0.5 ºC
Final Temperature of the mixture: 26 ± 0.5 ºC
Case 3:
Mass of Water: 0.03 ± 0.0001 kg
Initial Temperature of Water and Calorimeter:
23 ± 0.5 ºC Initial Temperature of Metal: 96 ±
0.5 ºC
Final Temperature of the mixture: 27.5 ± 0.5
ºC
Data Processing:
Case 1:
Change in temperature of Calorimeter and Water: 25 ± 0.5 - 22 ± 0.5 ºC
3 ± 1 ºC
Change in temperature of metal: 95 ± 0.5 25 ± 0.5 ºC
70 ± 1 ºC
Heat Lost = Heat Gained
Mass of metal*SIC of metal*change in temperature of metal=(mass of water*SIC of
water*change in temperature of water)+(mass of calorimeter*SIC of copper*change in
temperature of calorimeter)
0.0246±0.0001 kg * C1 * 70±1 ºC = (0.05±0.0001 kg * 4186 J kg-1 ºC-1 * 3±1
ºC)+(0.0425±0.0001 kg * 390 J kg-1 ºC-1 * 3
± 1 ºC)
0.0246 ± 0.0001 * C1 * 70 ± 1 = (0.05 ± 0.0001 * 4186 * 3 ± 1) + (0.0425 ± 0.0001 * 390 * 3
± 1)
1.722 ± 0.057 * C1 = (627.9 ± 210.5) +
(49.725 ± 16.69)
1.722 ± 0.057 * C1 = 677.625 ± 227.19
C1=
C1= 393.5104 ± 144.96 J kg-1 ºC-1
H1 :- Specific Heat Capacity Of Water
Case 2:
Change in temperature of Calorimeter and Water: 26 ± 0.5 - 24 ± 0.5 ºC
2 ± 1 ºC
Change in temperature of metal: 95 ± 0.5 24 ± 0.5 ºC
71 ± 1 ºC
Heat Lost = Heat Gained
Mass of metal*SlC of metal*change in temperature of metal=(mass of water*SlC of
water*change in temperature of water)+(mass of calorimeter*SlC of copper*change in
temperature of calorimeter)
0.0246±0.0001 kg * C2 * 71±1 ºC = (0.08±0.0001 kg * 4186 J kg-1 ºC-1 * 2±1
ºC)+(0.0425±0.0001 kg * 390 J kg-1 ºC-1 * 2 ± 1 ºC)
0.0246 ± 0.0001 * C2 * 71 ± 1 = (0.08 ± 0.0001 * 4186 * 2 ± 1) + (0.0425 ± 0.0001 * 390 * 2
± 1)
1.747 ± 0.032 * C2 = (669.76 ± 335.72) +
(33.15 ± 16.65)
1.747 ± 0.032 * C2 = 702.91 ± 352.37
C2=
C2= 402.3526 ± 209.07 J kg-1 ºC-1
Case 3:
Change in temperature of Calorimeter and Water: 27.5 ± 0.5 - 23 ± 0.5 ºC
4.5 ± 1 ºC
Change in temperature of metal: 96 ± 0.5 –
27.5 ± 0.5 ºC
68.5 ± 1 ºC
Heat Lost = Heat Gained
Mass of metal*SlC of metal*change in temperature of metal=(mass of water*SlC of
water*change in temperature of water)+(mass of calorimeter*SlC of copper*change in
temperature of calorimeter)
0.0246±0.0001 kg * C3 * 68.5±1 ºC = (0.03±0.0001 kg * 4186 J kg-1 ºC-1 * 4.5±1
ºC)+(0.0425±0.0001 kg * 390 J kg-1 ºC-1 * 4.5 ± 1 ºC)
0.0246 ± 0.0001 * C3 * 68.5 ± 1 = (0.03 ± 0.0001 * 4186 * 4.5 ± 1) + (0.0425 ± 0.0001 * 390
* 4.5 ± 1)
1.685 ± 0.031 * C3 = (565.11 ± 127.46) +
(74.588 ± 16.75)
1.685 ± 0.031 * C3 = 639.698 ± 144.21
C3=
C3= 379.643 ± 92.57 J kg-1 ºC-1
H1 :- Specific Heat Capacity Of Water
Average heat capacity of a metal =
=
=
Specific Heat Capacity of Metal= 391.8353 ± 100 J kg-1 ºC-1
Percentage Uncertainty= Uncertainty/SHC found*100
= 100/391*100
= 25.64%
Conclusion :
From this experiment we can conclude that the specific heat capacity of copper = 391.8353 ±
1oo J approx.
Possible errors:
1. Systematic Error in the measurement of variables in instruments such as the
thermometer and the weighing scale. The extent is represented by the uncertainty.
2. Improper isolation may have led to the system trying to attain equilibrium with the
atmosphere and thus reducing the overall final temperature of the system.
3. A lot of heat could be lost during the transfer of the solid metal block to the calorimeter
4. There could be parallax error while reading the thermometer.
Possible ways of reducing such errors:
1. Usage of branded instruments to assure accuracy.
2. Using digital thermometers to prevent parallax error and reducing the uncertainty.
3. Making the transfer of the metal block quickly so that very less heat energy is escaped.
2 H1 :- Specific Heat Capacity Of Water
3 H1 :- Specific Heat Capacity Of Water