1
Building Design and Engineering
Approaches to Airborne Infection Control
AEROSOL FILTRATION
Presented by:
Tobias van Reenen
CSIR
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
2
Overview
Background
Standards
Filter Selection
Testing and Maintenance
=25 Slides
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
3
HEPA Filters in History
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
4
Types of Filters (Dust)
EN 779:2012
EN 1822:2009
Course
Filters
Medium
Filters
Fine
Filters
G1-G4
M5-M6
F7-F9
E10E12
Average
efficiency (Em)
for 0.4 μm
particles
Minimum
efficiency (ME)
for 0.4 μm
particles
%
Integral
efficiency
MPPS
Average
arrestance (Am)
of synthetic dust
%
%
Aerosol Filters
H13H14
U15U17
Integral and Local
efficiency
MPPS
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
5
Application of Filters (Dust)
Course
Filters
Medium
Filters
Used to protect
building services from
Atmospheric dust
Fine
Filters
Used to keep
interior spaces
visibly clean
Aerosol Filters
Used to keep interior
spaces free of bioaerosols and microscopic
dust
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
6
• A HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate
Air) filter with an H13 Classification
has an overall filter efficiency of
99,95 % according to EN1822.
• The filter penetration should
therefore not exceed 0,05%
• 99,95% + 0,05% = 100%
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
http://www.umm.edu/imagepages/19338.htm
Principles of Filtration
7
Principles of Filtration
Camfil Farr
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
8
Principles of Filtration
Images: Trox Filtration and Camfil Farr
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
9
Principles of Filtration
Group
Filter Class
Integral Value
Local Value
MPPS
Efficiency %
MPPS
Efficiency %
EN1822
HEPA
ULPA
H13
99.95
%
99.75
%
H14
99.995
%
99.975
%
U15
99.999 5
%
99.997 5
%
U16
99.999 95 %
99.999 75 %
U17
99.999 995 %
99.999 975 %
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
10
Principles of Filtration
• MPPS = Most Penetrating Particle Size
• MPPS ≠ 0.3µm
• MPPS efficiency ≠ 0.3µm efficiency
Images: Trox Filtration and Camfil Farr
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
11
Aerosol Filtration Standards
Standards
USA
MIL-STD-282:1995.
ANSI/UL 586:2004
ANSI N45.8
ASME N509
ASME/ANSI N510
ASME AG-1-2003.
MIL-STD-282
IEST-RP-CC007.1:1992<Testing ULPA Filters>
IEST-RP-CC001.3:1993<HEPA and ULPA Filters>
IEST-RP-CC-006.2:1993< Testing Cleanrooms>.
IEST-RP-CC001.4 <HEPA and ULPA Filters>
IEST-RP-CC021
IEST-RPCC034.2<HEPA and ULPA Filter Leak Tests>
Europe
EUROVENT 4/4: 1984
EUROVENT 4/8:1985
EN1822: 2009
ISO 29463-1:2011
ISO14644-2 <Continued Compliance with Part1>
ISO14644-3 <Test methods>
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
12
The EN779
EN779:2012
1)
Group
Coarse
Standards
Medium
Fine
Class
Final pressure
drop (test)
Pa
Average
Average
arrestance (Am) efficiency (Em)
Minimum
efficiency ME
of synthetic dust
%
for 0.4 μm
particles
%
for 0.4 μm particles
%
G1
250
50≤Am<65
-
-
G2
250
65≤Am<80
-
-
G3
250
80≤Am<90
-
-
G4
250
90≤Am
-
-
M5
450
-
40≤Em<60
-
M6
450
-
60≤Em<80
-
F7
450
-
80≤Em<90
35
F8
450
-
90≤Em<95
55
F9
450
-
95≤Em
70
NOTE
The characteristics of atmospheric dust vary widely in comparison with those of the synthetic loading dust used in the tests. Because of this, the test results do
not provide a basis for predicting either operational performance or service life. Loss of media charge or shedding of particles or fibres can also adversely
affect efficiency.
http://www.camfilfarr.com/Filter-technology/Specifications-and-Regulations/EN-779/
Classification of air filters
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
13
The EN1822
Local Value
Filter
Class
Collection
Efficiency %
Penetration %
Collection
Efficiency %
Penetration %
E10
85
15
-
-
E11
95
5
-
-
E12
99,5
0,5
-
-
H13
99,95
0,05
99,75
0,25
H14
99,995
0,005
99,975
0,025
U15
99,9995
0,0005
99,9975
0,0025
U16
99,99995
0,00005
99,99975
0,00025
U17
99,999995
0,000005
99,9999
0,0001
http://www.camfilfarr.com/Filter-technology/Specifications-and-Regulations/EN-779/
Standards
Integral Value
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
14
Standards
Aerosol Filtration Standards
Proceedings of Clima 2007: Bin Zhou, Jinming Shen
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
15
Filtration Standards - SA
SANS 1424: Filters for use in air-conditioning and
general ventilation
EN 779:2012
Medium
Filters
Fine
Filters
Aerosol Filters
Standards
Course
Filters
EN 1822:2009
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
16
Filter Selection
Filter Selection
Considerations
• Levels of Filtration
• Filter Classification
• Stability of efficiency
• Dust holding capacity
• Resistance (Pa)
• Cost of ownership…
G4
F9
H13
Image: Filtration Handbook, Ken Sutherland
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
17
Filter Selection
Cost of Ownership
Filter Selection
• Cheap to buy
≠ Cheap to own
• Running costs (kWh)
• Initial resistance
• Final resistance
• Expected life
• Replacement costs
G4
F9
H13
Image: Filtration Handbook, Ken Sutherland
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
18
Filter Selection
Filter Selection
Filter Gaskets
Type
Advantages
Disadvantages
Gel and Knife-Edge
Excellent seal
Reusable
Difficult installation
Degradation of fluids = low
service life
One-Piece Moulded
Polyurethane Gasket.
Reliable and durable
seal
Seals can perish and
harden.
Correct clamping force
critical
Adhesive Neoprene
Strips
Cheap
Poor seal, Low service life,
Unreliable, Often relies on
MS4 Compound (lubricant)
for seal
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
19
Filter Testing & Maintenance
Installed filter leak test:
• The installed filter challenge tests (ISO14644-3:B6) should
not be confused with the manufacturer’s efficiency
classification tests (EN1822-4)
Testing and
Maintenance
EN 1822:2009
ISO 14644-3
Filter manufacturer’s QC test
Installed filter in-situ testing, proving absence
of leaks
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
20
Filter Testing & Maintenance
Installed filter leak test:
Testing and
Maintenance
• ISO14644-3, B6: is based on the IEST-RP-CC034.2
• B6.2: Aerosol Photometer Test (DOP)
• For filters with integral efficiency ≤ 99.997% (E10-H14)
• B6.3: Discrete Particle Counter Test (DPC)
• For filters with integral efficiency ≤ 99.999 997%
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
21
Aerosol Photometer Procedure
Testing and
Maintenance
• ISO 14644-3 B6.2 Acceptance criteria:
• Penetration >0.01% constitutes a local
failure
• “Different penetrations of filters and/or
response times of photometers may require
consideration of different designated leak
criteria, refer to IEST-RP-CC034.2”
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
http://www.dopsolutions.com http://www.c-vac.com/testing.html
Filter Testing & Maintenance
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Testing and
Maintenance
Aerosol Photometer Procedure
• Agree filter test criteria according to
installed filter’s unique arrestance of
0.3µm particles or ISO14644-3 D6.2.3
• Aerosol photometer tests must be in
accordance with manufacturers
recommendations
• Ensure tests are performed by suitably
qualified person
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
http://www.dopsolutions.com http://www.c-vac.com/testing.html
Filter Testing & Maintenance
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Filter Testing & Maintenance
• Ensure tests are witnessed by person independent from
filter installer/supplier
• Ensure that all test equipment is currently in calibration
before starting tests
• Anemometer
• Aerosol generator
• Photometer
• Confirm upstream challenge concentration frequently
during tests
• Confirm filter concentrations are recorded on worksheet
during test
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
http://www.dopsolutions.com
Testing and
Maintenance
Aerosol Photometer Procedure
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Filter Testing & Maintenance
ISO14644-3 B 6.2.4
Testing and
Maintenance
Installed Filter Test Procedure
Discreet Particle Count Method (DPC) B6.3:
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02
25
Thank you
References: and further reading
ISO 14644 (Parts 1-3) & 4
SANS 1424:2008
EN779:2012
EN1822:2009
Comparison Of HEPA-ULPA Filter Test Standards Between America and Europe: Bin Zhou, Jinming Shen
Filters and Filtration Handbook 5th Ed: K Sutherland, Elsevier
http://www.camfilfarr.com/Filter-technology/
This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02