Crash Course
Chapters 8-10
Photosynthesis
&
Cellular
Respiration
6CO2+6H2O->C6H12O6+6O2
C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H2O
Photoautotrophs
Primary
Productivity
The amount of energy plants
converted from the sun
Gross Primary Productivity=GPP
Net Primary Productivity=NPP
GPP=NPP+Respiration
Secondary Production
GPP= 10,000kcal/m2
Resp=2,000kcal/m2
NPP=?
Practice Problems
NPP=GPP-Respiration
Resp=4000kcal/m2
NPP=9000kcal/m2
GPP=?
10 percent rule
1% of suns energy enters 1st
trophic level
72,000,000 was in the 1st
trophic level
How much energy did the sun
give off and all of the other
trophic levels
Energy Flow
Food Chains
Food Webs
Food Web
Bioaccumulation
Biomagnification
Mercury builds in concentration
as you move up the trophic
levels.
Healthier to eat young
Chapter 9
Biodiversity
Species Richness
Species Evenness
Genetic Variability
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCkDxD0DV0Q&list=P
LllVwaZQkS2qK4Z6xBVDRak8an1-kqsgm&index=35
Biological Hot
Spots
Tropical Rainforest
Coral Reefs
Estuaries
Island
Biogeography
Large Islands-High
Small Islands-Low-Selective
Corridors?
Disturbance &
Biodiversity
Moderate Disturbance is Good
Ex. Forest fires, Storms
Extreme Disturbance is Bad
Ex. Invasive species, pollution,
habitat loss
Pesticide Treadmill
Natural Selection
Adaptation enables organisms
to deal with disturbances
Genetic Resistance is
necessary in order to not go
extinct
Disease Resistance
Succession
Primary- No Soil
Secondary-Soil Present
Pioneer Species
Climax Community
Succession Cont.
Early, Mid, Late Successional
Species
J-Curve
Unsustainable
Biotic Potential
r-selected species
ex. roaches, mice, insects
k-selected species
ex. elephants, humans
Negative + Positive Feedback
More Graphs
Logistic Growth
S-Curve
k=carrying capacity
Thomas Malthus
Populations will continue to grow
We will run out of food
We will die
Unless we can reproduce
sustainably
Additional
Vocabulary
Density Dependent Factors
Ex. Disease, competition
Density Independent Factors
Ex. Natural Disasters
Survivorship
Curves
Type 1-Humans-Elephants
Type 2- Birds, Rodents,Pray
Animals
Type 3- Insects, Plants, Oysters
Human Population
Approximately 7 billion
Growth Rate 1.1
1.3 Billion in China GR .5
1.2 billion in India GR 1.5
300 million in USA GR .97
Total Fertility Rate
TFR
Which countries have the
highest TFR? Why?
Infant Mortality
Practice problems
1. Growth Rate- 2%
Doubling Time
Rule of 70
Doubling time= 70/%pop growth
Population Growth=70/doubling time
2. GR= 35%
3. GR=7%
A population of smurfs of 100 with a
growth rate of 3.5%, in the year
1980 live on a farm that can sustain
12,800 smurfs. What year will the
smurfs meet carrying capacity?
Practice Problems
A population of woodchucks of 400
with a growth rate of 7%, in the year
1200 live in a forest that has enough
wood for 25,600 smurfs. What year
will the woodchucks meet carrying
capacity?
A population of Vans of ten with a
growth rate of 35%, in the year 2000
live in a shoe store that has enough
space for 1440 shoes. What year will
the shoe store meet carrying
capacity?
Controlling
Population
Growth
Biologically-Tubes
Tied,Vasectomy
Politically-Laws, Taxes
Chemically-Birth Control Pills
Physically- Condoms
Mentally-Educate Woman
Delay the first offspring
Crude Growth Rate
The term crude means over/1000
Crude Births- 100 births per 1000
B=15/1000
100/1000
D=25/1000
Crude Deaths- 50 deaths per 1000 50/1000
I=35/1000
Immigration- 25 immigrate per 1000 25/1000
E=5/1000
Emmigration-12 emmigrate per 1000 12/1000
GR=?
Whats the GR?
Social & Environmental Problems that control pop.
World Hunger-Density Dependent
Communicable Diseases- Density
Dependent
Ex. Malaria, Cholera, Bubonic
Plague, Turberculosis
New Diseases- HIV/AIDS, SARS,
H1N1
Economics 101
GNP= Gross National Product-Sum of all goods
and services provided by a country in the entire
world
GDP-Gross Domestic Product- Sum of all goods
and services provided within the country
Per Capita- Per individual
GDP/Per Capita determines countries wealth
US barely makes top ten
Qatar and Liechtenstien more than double
Age structure diagrams
Age Structure Diagrams
Demographic transition model
Fun Facts
80% population lives in LEDC’s but they only
consume 20% of the resources
As countries evolve they will require more
resources.
Why do we need the young?
Why do we need the old?
What is sustainable?