CAMS Emissions
Atmosphere Monitoring
Mark Parrington
ECMWF
[email protected]
Overview
Atmosphere
Monitoring
• Emissions in CAMS
– Background to emissions in CAMS.
– Surface boundary conditions currently used in the operational
systems.
• Future provision of emissions in CAMS
– Review of requirements from the CAMS 81 Invitation To Tender.
Emissions in the CAMS global production system
Atmosphere
Monitoring
http://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/
Emissions in the CAMS global production system
Atmosphere
Monitoring
http://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/
CAMS 81 ITT
Atmosphere
Monitoring
•
•
Reliable and accurate surface emissions of pollutants are essential to the
successful operation of the CAMS global and regional production systems.
The CAMS 81 ITT will provide:
– Gridded distributions of anthropogenic (global and Europe) and natural
emissions (global only) in direct support of CAMS production chains
– Target resolutions of 10 to 50 km (global) and 5 to 10 km (Europe).
– Emissions of aerosol, NOx, NH3, SO2, DMS/OCS, NMVOCs, CO, CH4, N2O, CO2,
certain halogen species and Radon-222.
– Emissions stratified into headline activity sectors (next slide).
– Period covered will be from 2000 to present for the global emissions, and from
2003 to as close as possible to present for the European regional emissions.
– Subsequent years will be added at the pace of 1 additional year every year.
Headline activity sectors for emissions
Atmosphere
Monitoring
Emissions currently used in CAMS
Atmosphere
Monitoring
Current operational system
Reactive gases
•
•
•
MACCity anthropogenic
surface emissions.
POET natural emissions from
soils and oceans.
MEGAN2.1 biogenic emissions
(simulated off-line,
climatological meteorology).
Greenhouse gases
•
•
Aerosols
EDGAR version 4.2FT2010
•
anthropogenic surface fluxes.
CTESSEL online calculation of
biosphere fluxes (including bias
correction).
•
Flemming et al., Geoscientific Model Development, 2015
Agusti-Panareda et al., Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014
•
Online schemes for dust and
sea-salt (driven by
meteorology: wind speed,
SST).
MACCity anthropogenic
emissions of SO2, BC and OM.
SOA emissions scaled to
MACCity anthropogenic CO.
Emissions currently used in CAMS
Atmosphere
Monitoring
Current operational system and CAMS reanalysis
Reactive gases
•
•
•
•
•
•
Greenhouse gases
MACCity anthropogenic
surface emissions.
POET natural emissions from
soils and oceans.
MEGAN2.1 biogenic emissions
(simulated off-line,
climatological meteorology).
•
ACCMIP 3-D emissions of NO
from aviation.
MEGAN2.1 biogenic emissions
(simulated off-line, ERAInterim meteorology).
[CMIP anthropogenic surface
emissions for pre-industrial
and present day.]
•
•
Aerosols
EDGAR version 4.2FT2010
•
anthropogenic surface fluxes.
CTESSEL online calculation of
biosphere fluxes (including bias
correction).
•
•
3-D emissions of CO2 from
aviation (scaled to ACCMIP
NO).
Online schemes for dust and
sea-salt (driven by
meteorology: wind speed,
SST).
MACCity anthropogenic
emissions of SO2, BC and OM.
SOA emissions scaled to
MACCity anthropogenic CO.
CAMS 81 ITT
Atmosphere
Monitoring
• Provision of gridded distributions of anthropogenic (global and
Europe) and natural emissions (global only) in direct support of CAMS
production chains.
• Six workpackages:
–
–
–
–
–
–
WP1: Anthropogenic emissions for the CAMS regional domain
WP2: Anthropogenic emissions for the global domain
WP3: Natural emissions for the global domain
WP4: Consistency between regional and global emissions datasets
WP5: Support to Production Systems
WP6: Service evolution
WP1: Anthropogenic emissions for the CAMS regional domain
Atmosphere
Monitoring
• Species:
– aerosol (minimum PM2.5, PM10 and total), NOx, NH3, SO2, DMS, NMVOCs
(total and split into main individual species), CO, CH4 and CO2.
• Stratified by SNAP categories.
• Road transport: exhaust (gasoline vehicles), exhaust (diesel vehicles),
exhaust (LPG/ natural gas vehicles), gasoline evaporation and
tire/brakes/road wear.
• Non-road transport: shipping and aviation.
• Fugitive emissions: reactive gases and methane from shale gas
extraction as well as leaks.
• Horizontal resolution between 5-10 km as well as point source
information (including height of emission).
WP2: Anthropogenic emissions for the global domain
Atmosphere
Monitoring
• Species:
– aerosol (segregated at least into Organic Matter and Black Carbon), NOx,
NH3, SO2, DMS, NMVOCs, CO, CH4 and CO2.
• Stratified by SNAP categories as for the regional domain.
• Non-road transport: shipping and 3-D aviation.
• Fugitive emissions: reactive gases and methane from shale gas
extraction as well as leaks.
• Horizontal resolution between 10-50 km.
WP3: Natural emissions for the global domain
Atmosphere
Monitoring
• Provided on same grid as global anthropogenic emissions
• Sources to be covered:
– Vegetation – biogenic emissions of NMVOCs consistent with
meteorological conditions.
– Soil and non-frozen land surfaces - NOx, NH3, OCS (carbonyl sulphide),
N2O and Radon-222.
– Termites – CH4 emissions from digestion of cellulose.
– Oceans - main halogens as well as DMS/OCS and N2O.
– Volcanoes – continual emissions/outgassing of SO2, CO2 and main
halogens; ad hoc support for emissions from significant eruptions.
WP6: Service evolution
Atmosphere
Monitoring
• Research and development is required for investigating:
– Feasibility of adapting land-vegetation-carbon model for computing online emission fluxes of NMVOCs.
– Temporal patterns of emissions for global and regional scales to
improve air quality forecasts with optimal timing of emissions.
– Feasibility of developing parametrisations for anthropogenic
emissions using weather-related information.
Summary
Atmosphere
Monitoring
• Emissions are vital to the successful operation of the CAMS global and
regional systems.
• Comprehensive emissions inventories for reactive gases, greenhouse
gases and aerosols originally developed under MACC projects for
individual product types.
• CAMS 81 contract will provide multiple years of consolidated and
consistent emissions for the global and regional production systems.
– Surface boundary conditions for the global and regional
forecasts/analyses.
– Stand-alone global emissions inventory.