J.Agric.Chem.and Biotechn., Mansoura Univ.Vol. 7 (6): 163 – 168, 2016
Genetic Behavior and Cluster Analysis of Some Floral Traits Affecting
Cross Breeding in The Production of Hybrid Rice Seed
Abd El-Hadi, A. H.* ; H. F. El-Mowafi** and O.A. El-Badawy**
*Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.
**Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Field Crop Research Institute, ARC, Egypt.
ABSTRACT
Genetic development of improved genotypes with good floral charactaristics is the an important approach in the
production of hybrid rice seed. Ten rice parental lines where four of them have cytoplasmic male sterility while the other six use
restorer. These ling were crossed to obtain 24 hybrid combinations, through a factorial mating design. The parental lines and their
24 F1 hybrids were grown in randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Rice Research and Training Center
Farm, Sakha Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt during the two seasons of 2011 and 2012. Data were recorded on six floral traits viz., anther
length, anther breadth, number of pollen grains anther-1, stigma length, stigma breadth and glume opening angle. The analysis of
variance of all genotypes revealed highly significant mean squares for all studied traits, suggesting the presence of genetic
differences among the genotypes used in this study. The magnitude of genetic parameters indicated that the additive variance (σ 2
A) for anther length, number of pollen grains anther-1, glume opening angle traits were higher than the corresponding nonadditive variance including dominant (σ2 D). These results indicated that these traits were largely governed by additive gene
action. Thus, the estimated values of heritability in broad sense were higher than heritability in narrow sense for all the studied
floral traits. A major part of the total phenotypic variance was due to non-additive including dominance genetic variances for all
floral traits. The maternal effects were affective in stigma breadth (37.25%) and glume opening angle (70.15%). The contribution
of maternal and paternal interactions (Line x Tester) were found to be vital for anther breadth (57.86%) and stigma breadth
(37.43%). The ten parental lines were distinctly classified into two major clusters (below 1200 Euclidean distance) according to
the similarity diagram.
Keywords: Hybrid rice, floral traits, line x tester, genetic parameters
INTRODUCTION
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the major food for more
than half of the world’s population. In Egypt, rice is one
of the major cereal crop, with annual cultivated area of
about 600.000 hectares, with the production of about 6
million tons of paddy rice. The average yields 9.88 t/ha.,
which is considered among the highest average yield per
hectare in the world (RRTC, 2012). Hybrid rice offers
an opportunity to increase the yield potentiality. It has a
yield advantage of 15 to 20% over conventional high
yielding variety. In self-pollinated crops like rice,
hybrid seed production is difficult, as the floral traits are
unfavorable for outcrossing (Raghavendra and
Hittalmani, 2015). Use of male sterility system has
immensely helped in hybrid breeding. Though the three
line system involving cytoplasmic male sterility-fertility
restoration system is effective for the development of
commercial rice hybrids. This system is cumbersome
and tedious as it involves three lines (A, B and R) and
has negative effects on cytoplasm. The breeding of yield
rice and quantitatively better rice varieties is not
possible without prior knowledge of their genetic
properties. Therefore, the breeders use suitable
quantitatively genetic method to combine the desired
properties of different varieties. The magnitudes of
genetic parameters also is useful to breeders for genetic
improvement of the existing genotypes on the basis of
their performances in different hybrid combinations
(Rahaman, 2016). One of the major problems of low
seed set in hybrid seed production plot is “very low out
crossing” of CMS lines in rice. A cyto-sterile line with
high out crossing potential will certainly economize the
cost of hybrid seed production. The most important
floral traits influencing out crossing is male sterility in
rice. Male fertile plant shows very little, if any out
crossing due to self-pollinating nature of rice flower.
Floral morphology and flowering behaviour of CMS
lines is important (Ali et al., 2013; Ghadi et al., 2013).
However, in male sterile plants, extent of out crossing is
further influenced by its floral traits such as anther
length, anther width, number of pollen grains anther -1,
stigma length, stigma breadth and glume opening angle
as reported by (Mahalingam et al., 2013). Hence,
assessing and understanding the genetic variability and
the inheritance pattern of floral traits is essential for
proper choice of CMS lines (Sheeba et al., 2006).This
study aimed to investigate the nature of inheritance of
some floral traits during outcrossing four cytoplasmic
male sterile lines and by restorer lines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was carried out at the experimental farm
of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC ,)Sakha ,
Kafer El-Sheikh, Egypt, during the two successive
growing seasons of 201 1and 201 .2The genetic materials
used in this investigation involved ten genotypes. A line x
Tester mating design was used, where four cytoplasmic
male sterile lines ;i .e ,.IR69625A, IR58025A, Pusa6A and
G46A were used as" Female Lines" and the six restorer
lines ;i.e ,.Giza178R, Giza182R, GZ5121, GZ6296, PR2
and PR78 ,were used as" Male Testers ."Thus, the
obtained 24 F 1hybrids along with their ten parents were
evaluated in a randomized complete blocks design
(RCBD) with three replications during 201 2rice growing
season .Seedlings were transplanted into 20 x 20 cm
spacing. All agronomic practices were done as
recommended for rice plantation 15 .plants from each
replication were randomly selected to measure the
following traits :anther length( mm ,)anther breadth (mm
,)number of pollen grains anther ,1- stigma length( mm
,)stigma breadth( mm )and glume opening angle( o .)Data
were subjected to statistical analysis using Line x Tester
analysis and genetic components of each parameter as
outline by( Kemptherne .)1957 ,Cluster analysis among
Abd El-Hadi, A. H. et al.
the ten studied rice parental lines were computed using
NTSYSpc version 2.1 statistical package.
Table 1: Cytoplasmic male sterile lines and tester
lines used for the study.
Genotypes
CMS lines (female)
1 IR69625A
2 IR58025A
3 Pusa 6A
4 G46A
Restorer lines (male)
5 Giza178R
6 Giza182R
7 GZ5121-5-2R
8 GZ 6296-12-1-2-1-1
9 PR2
10 PR78
Cytoplasm source
Origin
CMS line (WA)
CMS line (WA)
CMS line (WA)
CMS line (Gambiaca)
IRRI
IRRI
IRRI
IRRI
Egypt (Indica-Japonica type)
Egypt (Indica type)
Egypt (Indica type)
Egypt
Egypt-India (Indica type)
Egypt-India (Indica type)
Egypt
Egypt
Egypt
Egypt
Egypt
Egypt
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Analysis of variance of floral traits viz., for
anther length , anther breadth, number of pollen grains
anther-1, stigma length, stigma breadth and glume
opening angle the data presented in Table 2 revealed the
presence of highly significant differences among
genotypes, parents, parents vs crosses, crosses, lines,
testers and line x tester interactions most floral traits.
The significant differences among the genotypes,
parents, parent's vs crosses, crosses, lines, testers and
line x tester interactions indicated that the genotypes
had wide genetic diversity among themselves. The
significance of the means of sum of squares due to lines
and testers indicated a prevalence of additive variance.
However, means of sum of squares due to line x tester
were also significant for anther length, anther breadth,
number of pollen grains anther-1, indicating the
importance of both additive and non-additive variance.
The mean square of SCA was higher than those of the
GCA variances for these traits, indicated the nonadditive gene action is playing its role in the inheritance
of these traits. Nadali Bagheri and Nadali BabaeianJelodar (2011), and Elbadawy (2009) reported the
predominance of dominant and additive gene action
variances. The ratio of GCA to SCA was less than unity
for the three male parent's floral traits. It suggested
greater importance of non-additive gene action in its
expression and indicated very good prospect in the
exploitation of hybrid breeding. On the other side, the
female parent's floral traits viz., stigma length, stigma
breadth and glume opening angle which appears in
Table 2. revealed the presence of highly significant
differences among the genotypes, parents, parents vs
crosses, crosses, lines, testers and line x tester
interactions indicating the presence of differences
among genotypes and a wide genetic variation
Mahalingam et al. (2013). The mean sum of squares due
to parents versus crosses was insignificant for stigma
breadth trait. However, means of sum of squares due to
line x tester were also highly significant for stigma
length, breadth and glume opening angle, indicating the
importance of both additive and non-additive variance.
So, the breeding method will be selection in early
generations. Data showed that the values of SCA were
greater than GCA variances for these traits, indicated
the importance of non-additive gene action in the
inheritance of these traits. In the same trend the ratio of
GCA to SCA was less than unity indicating the
dominance gene action had a major role in inheritance
of this traits, here the suitable breeding method is
hybridization. Elbadawy (2009).
Table 2: Analysis of variance and mean square values of line x tester analysis for the six floral traits.
S. O. V
d.f
A. L. (mm)
A. B. (mm)
N. P. g. / A
S. L. (mm)
S. B. (mm)
G. O. A. (o)
Replications
2
0.000
0.000
88.675
0.00003
0.003
0.014
Genotypes
33
**0.309
**0.014
**504301
**0.07578
**0.010
**20.13
Parents
9
**0.569
**0.027
**928017
**0.16451
**0.029
**27.69
Parents vs. crosses
1
**0.148
**0.035
**241455
**0.00475
0.001
**10.04
Crosses
23
**0.215
**0.009
**349927
**0.04415
**0.003
**17.62
Females (Lines)
3
**0.027
**0.003
**43475
**0.00301
**0.010
**91.72
Males (Testers)
5
**0.908
**0.016
**1480158
**0.14682
**0.004
**12.04
Females × Males (L × T)
15
**0.021
**0.008
**.34474
**0.01816
**0.002
**4.660
Error
66
0.0003
0.0002
539.116
0.00053
0.000117
0.149
GCA
0.005
0.000028
7955.51
0.00066
0.000025
0.327
SCA
0.007
0.002434
11311.7
0.00587
0.001403
1.504
GCA/SCA
0.703
0.0116
0.70330
0.11161
0.01784
0.217
* And ** Significant at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. A. L.= anther length, A.B.= anther breadth, N.P.g./A= number of pollen grains
anther-1, S. L.= stigma length, S. B.= anther breadth and G. O. A.= glume opening angle
The mean of squares due to parents versus crosses
were insignificant for the three female parents for floral
traits. However, the mean squares due to line x tester were
significant for stigma length and breadth, indicating the
importance of both additive and non-additive genetic
variance. Thus, selection in the early generations would be
effective. The values of SCA were greater than GCA
variances for these traits, which indicated the importance
of non-additive gene action in the inheritance of these
traits. In the same trend, the ratio of GCA to SCA was less
than unity indicating that dominance gene action would
have a major role in the inheritance of these traits, here the
suitable breeding method would bethe hybridization. The
predominance of dominant and additive gene action
variances was reported by El-badawy (2009) and
Mahalingam et al., (2013).
Mean performance: Regarding the anther length, in table
3 out of the 24 crosses, only the mean values of eight
crosses were more the longest anther of their
corresponding parents. Among the crosses five showed
intermediate mean values between their parents, indicating
partial or no dominance effects. The mean values of
anther length of the parents ranged from 1.80 to 1.95 mm
for the CMS lines G46A and IR58025A, respectively.
While it ranged for the restorer lines of Giza178R and
PR78 from 1.49 to 2.82 mm, respectively. The aromatic
restorer lines PR2 and PR78 besides the four crosses,
IR69625A x PR2, IR58025A x PR2, Pusa6A x PR2 and
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J.Agric.Chem.and Biotechn., Mansoura Univ.Vol. 7(6), June, 2016
G46A x PR2 gave the highest mean values of 2.747 and
2.818 mm for parents and 2.42, 2.47, 2.44 and 2.45 mm,
respectively. For anther width, the F1 means of some
crosses tended towards the widest anther width parent.
However, the F1 means of the other crosses were
intermediate between their two parents while the rest of
crosses (six crosses) exhibited dominance effect towards
the lower anther width parent. The results showed that, the
two restorer parents PR2 and PR78 gave the highest mean
values (more than 0.5 mm). Among the crosses, the hybrid
combinations, Pusa6 A x GZ6296 and Pusa6 A x PR2
gave the highest mean values of anther width being 0.449
and 0.450 mm, respectively. The mean performance of
four male sterile lines viz., IR69625 A, IR58025 A, Pusa
6A and G46 A for six floral traits revealed that certain
genotypes exhibited superiority over others as seen in
Table 3. In evaluating the suitability of Cytoplasmic Male
Sterile (CMS) lines to local conditions, high out crossing
rate is one of the most important character required for
getting good seed yield in hybrid seed production plot.
The line G46A showed higher mean values for stigma
length of 1.458mm and breadth of 0.67 mm. The other
genotypes of IR69625 A, IR58025 A, Pusa 6A had values
for stigma length ranged from 1.04 to 1.29 mm. While, for
stigma breadth, the values ranged from 0.32 to 0.44 mm
compared with the CMS line G46 A. All the CMS lines
had above 99.50% pollen sterility. Similar findings were
observed by Behla et al., (2007), Ansari et al., (2010).
Mahalingam et al., (2013) and Hasan et al., (2014).
Table 3: Mean performances of lines, testers and their crosses for anther length, anther breadth and number
of pollen grains anther-1 traits.
Cate.
Genotypes
A. L. (mm)
A. B. (mm)
N. P. g. / A
S. L. (mm)
S. B. (mm)
IR69625 A
1.83
0.34
1158.4 S1
1.04
0.44
IR58025 A
1.95
0.30
1323.4 S
1.29
0.32
CMS Lines
Pusa 6 A
1.85
0.37
1192.2 S
1.21
0.34
G 46A
1.80
0.30
1130.1 S
1.46
0.67
Giza 178
1.49
0.39
731.08 F2
0.71
0.38
Giza 182
2.10
0.47
1511.5 F
0.95
0.38
Restorer lines GZ 5121
1.79
0.45
1107.1 F
0.88
0.39
(Testers)
GZ 6296-12-1-2-1-1
1.85
0.46
1195.8 F
0.83
0.35
PR 2
2.75
0.52
2336.2 F
1.17
0.42
PR 78
2.81
0.55
2426.7 F
1.18
0.37
IR69625A / Giza 178 R
1.86
0.37
1204.6 F
0.86
0.45
/ Giza 182 R
2.05
0.37
1440.5 F
1.15
0.48
/ GZ 5121
2.11
0.35
1527.4 F
1.13
0.37
/ GZ 6296
1.90
0.42
1252.5 F
0.96
0.42
/ PR 2
2.42
0.37
1917.6 F
1.08
0.41
/ PR 78
2.34
0.39
1820.1 F
1.07
0.42
IR58025A / Giza 178 R
1.84
0.39
1174.5 F
0.93
0.42
/ Giza 182 R
2.02
0.36
1410.4 F
1.00
0.38
/ GZ 5121
2.04
0.38
1426.3 F
0.92
0.36
/ GZ 6296
1.96
0.38
1334.1 F
1.01
0.36
/ PR 2
2.47
0.54
1983.3 F
1.21
0.43
Hybrid
/ PR 78
2.43
0.39
1928.3 F
1.13
0.35
combinations
Pusa 6 A / Giza 178 R
1.80
0.35
1130.1 F
1.00
0.43
/ Giza 182 R
2.06
0.35
1460.0 F
1.09
0.39
/ GZ 5121
1.94
0.40
1300.4 F
1.00
0.40
/ GZ 6296
1.92
0.45
1277.4 F
1.00
0.39
/ PR 2
2.44
0.45
1947.8 F
1.15
0.42
/ PR 78
2.41
0.38
1908.8 F
1.21
0.38
G 46 A / Giza 178 R
1.90
0.40
1254.3 F
0.97
0.43
/ Giza 182 R
1.99
0.38
1371.4 F
1.04
0.46
/ GZ 5121
1.87
0.43
1215.3 F
0.98
0.43
/ GZ 6296
1.91
0.38
1264.9 F
1.03
0.43
/ PR 2
2.45
0.40
1960.2 F
1.15
0.42
/ PR 78
2.39
0.41
1885.7 F
1.11
0.43
LSD
0.05%
0.12
0.07
176.8
0.12
0.06
0.01%
0.18
0.10
235.2
0.16
0.08
1
: Sterile and 2: Fertile. A. L.= anther length, A.B.= anther breadth, N.P.g./A= number of pollen grains anther -1,
S. L.= stigma length, S. B.= anther breadth and G. O. A.= glume opening angle.
Number of pollen grains anther-1 is a desirable trait
for pollination as it enhances the chance of anther
shedding. It significantly varied among the tested CMS
lines from 1130.1 to 1192.2 per anther but they were
completely sterile. While in restorer lines number of pollen
grains anther-1 ranged from 731.08 for Giza 178R to
2426.7 for PR78 depending on anther size and length.
Indicating that fertility restoration in these pollinators i. e.
Giza178R, Giza182R, GZ5121-5-2R, GZ6296-12-1-2-1-1,
PR2 and PR78 was under dominant gene. The cytoplasmic
genetic sterility system of IR69625A, IR58025A, Pusa 6 A
and G46A were sporophytic in nature. In general, the
G. O. A. (o)
31.3
26.0
24.5
29.8
29.7
23.8
27.8
25.7
26.2
23.5
30.0
29.7
26.3
29.0
28.3
28.0
27.3
26.8
26.3
27.1
24.3
24.3
27.7
24.5
25.3
24.7
22.7
24.3
30.2
29.0
28.5
29.0
29.3
29.7
1.94
2.58
results are in agreement with those reported by Majumder
et al., (2014). In this study six restorer lines i. e. Giza
178R, Giza 182R, GZ 5121-5-2R, GZ 6296-12-1-2-1-1,
PR2 and PR78 were evaluated for stigma length, stigma
breadth and glume opening angle as presented in Table 3.
Stigma length and stigma breadth showed significant
variation, where the highest stigma length was 1.183 mm
in pollen parent PR78 and PR2 1.167 mm. Stigma breadth
was nearest between all restorers. In general, the restorer
lines were found to have smaller stigmas than the CMS
lines. Behla et al., (2007) observed variation for stigma
length which ranged from 1.13 to 2.09 mm, whereas glume
165
Abd El-Hadi, A. H. et al.
opening angle was ranging from 23.43o to 30.20o. In this
study angle of floret opening for the testers varied from
23.50o to 29.67o. In the present study maximum angle was
observed in Giza178R which was at par with PR2 and
GZ5121, and minimum in case of PR78.
These results agreed with those obtained by
Umadevi et al., (2010). Mean performance of line x tester
combinations for stigma length, stigma breadth and glume
opening angle are shown in Table 3.
The mean values of the 24 F1 crosses, were
intermediate with respect to their parents. However, the F1
mean values of the different crosses for stigma length
varied from 0.86 to 1.208mm in the two hybrid
combinations IR69625A x Giza178R and IR58025A x
PR2, respectively. While, stigma breadth ranged from
0.35mm for IR58025A x PR78 to 0.48mm for IR69625A x
Giza182R. Whereas glume opening angle varied from
22.67o for Pusa 6A x PR2 to 30.17o for G 46A x Giza
178R. In general, these findings suggested the presence of
either partial or no dominance effects. With respect to
angle of floret opening, complete or over dominance
effects was observed in most of the crosses for largest
angle of floret opening. As revealed in Table 3, some
crosses showed intermediate mean values between the
parents of each cross for this trait indicating partial or no
dominance effects. These findings are in close agreement
with those obtained by El Badawy (2009) and
Mahalingam et al., (2013).
Genetic components for floral traits: The estimates of
genetic parameters for studied floral traits are shown in Fig.
1. The results indicated that the value of non-additive
variance (σ2 D) for anther breadth, stigma length, stigma
breadth and glume opening angle traits were higher than
those for additive variance (σ2 A). These results indicated
that these traits were largely governed by dominance gene
action. On the other hand, results indicated that the additive
variance (σ2 A) of anther length and number of pollen grains
anther-1, traits were higher than those non-additive variance
(σ2 D). These results indicated that these traits were largely
governed by additive gene action and would be improved
through select in early generations. Similar results were
obtained by Abd Allah (2008) and El Badawy (2009).
Concerning heritability, the results cleared that the
estimated values of heritability in broad sense were high
for all studied floral traits as shown in Figure 2, indicating
that these traits were under genetic control and the
environmental effect was insignificant. On the other hand,
heritability values in narrow sense were relatively low for
these traits except anther length and number of pollen
grains per anther. The results also illustrated that a major
part of the total phenotypic variance was due to nonadditive and additive genetic for all floral traits.
Accordingly, it was expected to obtain an effective
heterosis yielding high hybrids for these traits. Similar
results were obtained by Abd Allah (2008) and El badawy
(2009). Singh R. and B. Singh (2011). Singh et al., (2014).
Fig. 1. The additive, dominance and environmental variances for the six studied traits.
Fig. 2. The broad sense and narrow sense heritability for the six studied traits.
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J.Agric.Chem.and Biotechn., Mansoura Univ.Vol. 7(6), June, 2016
The proportional of contribution for lines, testers
and their interaction to the total variance are presented
in Figure 3. It is clear that, the testers played an
important role in the genetic control of anther length,
number of pollen grains/anther and stigma length traits
due to the predominant of paternal influence for
inheritance of these traits.
On the contrary, maternal lines effects
contributed about 67.90% for glume opening angle. The
stigma breadth was also highly affected by maternal
effect which would be used as a donor for improving the
process of hybrid rice breeding program by increasing
the outcrossing. The contribution of maternal and
paternal interactions (line x tester) were found vital for
anther breadth (56.80%) and stigma breadth (53.05%).
These results indicated that there were wide variation
between the parental lines for these traits and could be
used as genetic materials to develop new hybrid
combinations in hybrid breeding program.Similar
results were obtained by Abd Allah (2008) and El
badawy (2009).
Fig. 3. The contributions of lines, testers and their interaction for the six studied traits.
Clustering analysis of rice genotypes based on
similarity of floral traits:
Cluster analysis used six floral traits which were
namely; anther length, anther breadth, number of pollen
grains anther-1, stigma length, stigma breadth and glume
opening angle. All traits, were checked for normality
where they had good approximations of normal
distributions. The generated cluster divided the ten rice
genotypes into two main groups based on some floral
traits.
Table 4: Similarity matrix for ten rice varieties based on the six floral studied tarits.
Parental
varieties
IR69625A
IR58025A
Pusa6A
G46A
Giza178R
Giza182R
GZ5121
GZ6296
PR2
PR78
IR69625A
IR58025A
Pusa6A
G46A
Giza178R
Giza182R
GZ5121
GZ6296
PR2
PR78
0.00
1.65.0
34.5
28.3
427.3
353.2
51.4
37.8
1177.8
1268.3
0.00
131.2
193.3
592.3
188.1
216.3
127.6
612.8
1103.3
0.00
62.3
461.1
319.3
85.2
3.8
1144.0
1234.5
0.00
399.0
381.4
23.1
65.8
1206.1
1296.6
0.00
780.4
376.0
464.7
1605.1
1695.6
0.00
404.4
315.7
824.7
915.2
0.00
88.7
1229.1
1319.6
0.00
1140.4
1230.9
0.00
90.5
0.00
Figure 4: Cluster diagram for ten rice varieties
classified by six floral studied traits.
The first group included PR2 and PR78, which
gave the best results for all floral studied traits. The
second group was divided into two sub groups based on
all floral traits except glume opening angle. The first sub
group, which was higher in these floral traits, included
seven rice parental varieties IR69625A, IR58025A,
Pusa6A, G46A, Giza182R, GZ5121 and GZ6296. The
CMS line G46A and promising line GZ5121 of branch
one were similar in all floral traits except stigma breadth.
The three rice varieties IR69625A, Pusa6A and GZ6296
of branch one were similar in all floral traits except stigma
length and glume opening angle. Giza182R as restorer
variety was separated alone into on branch because it has
larger anther length and no. of pollen grains anther-1. The
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Abd El-Hadi, A. H. et al.
CMS line IR58025A was separated from the seven rice
varieties in one branch based on no. of pollen grains
anther-1. The second sub group included Giza 178R based
on the lower in most of floral studied traits. These results
are in agreement with similar results obtained by Anis
(2009) and Abd El-Hadi et al., (2013).
REFERENCES
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‫السللك ا الل اال حالل كلللر اللللقود البعضل صد للللبه ال للتي الر ولللا اللللل لللطاو ىكللت اللكضللل ال ك للل للت ا لللي‬
‫لضيحد األ ز الهقلن‬
2‫اللدحى‬
‫ ح أسيما ىلدهللا‬2‫ حمدى ل ح الم ا ت‬، 1‫أشوف حسلن ىلدالهيصد‬
.‫ م و‬، ‫ة‬
‫ جيمبا المع‬-‫ قسم ال ااا ككلا الر اىا‬-1
.‫ م و‬،‫ موكر الل ث الر اىلا‬، ‫ مبهد ب ث الم يصلر ال ضكلا‬، ‫ موكر الل ث حاللد لب ت األ ز‬-2
‫ ول ؤد تؤأ ت جؤين ربؤ الؤت ت ع ييؤة‬.‫يعتبر تحسين التراكيب الوراثية الجيدة لصفات الزهرة في األرز عامل هام ومؤثثر فؤع عيةيؤة اجتؤاا ت ؤاوز األرز ال جؤين‬
‫ وتأ زراعة السؤت ت‬.‫ هجينا ً وذلك من ختل طري ة تزاوا عامةي الستلة فع الكشاف‬24 ‫الذكر اليتوبتزميا ً م التة تركيب وراثية معيده لةخصوبة ودلك لةحصول عةع‬
‫األبوية وال جن الناتجة من ا فع تصييأ قطاعات كامةة العشؤوايية ذو ثؤتم مكؤررات باليزرعؤة البحليؤة ليركؤز البحؤوم والتؤدريب فؤع األرز – الؤخا – كفؤر الشؤيخ خؤتل‬
‫ و ؤرت النتؤاي وتؤود ختتفؤات عاليؤة اليعنويؤة بؤين التراكيؤب الوراثيؤة‬.‫ وتأ تسجيل البياجات عةع الؤتة فؤفات زهريؤة مختةفؤة‬. 2012 ‫ و‬2011 ‫مواليين زراعيين هيا‬
‫اليختةفة وتبين ن الفعل الوراثع اليضيف كان عةع من الفعل الوراثع السيادى (غير التجييعي) لصفة طول اليتك وعدد حبوب ال ة اح فع اليتك وزاوية تفتح الزهرة ميؤا‬
‫ و وضحت النتاي ان اليكافعء الوراثع فع اليدى الواال كان عةع من اليكافعء الوراثع فع‬.‫يدل عةع ن الفعل الوراثع التجييعي هو الذى يتحكأ فع وراثة تةك الصفات‬
‫ وبتحةيؤل‬.)%34.43( ‫) ولصؤفة عؤر الييسؤأ‬%57.86( ‫ كاجت جسبة مساهية تفاعل الست ت م الكشافات لصفة عؤر اليتؤك‬.‫اليدى الضيق لكل الصفات اليدروالة‬
.‫الشجرة العن ودية لةست ت ا بوية العشر تأ ت سيي أ الع مجيوعتين ريسيتين وذلك حسب درتة التشابة بين أ‬
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