Biology Chapter 7 Review Flash Cards
What is a Prokaryote?
A LIVING cell that:
 NO Nucleus or membrane bound
organelles. “Pro” = “No Nucleus”
 DOES have cell membrane, DNA
(circular type), Ribosomes,
Cytoplasm, and Cilia (pili) and/or
Flagella
Bacteria
(Eubacteria & Archaebacteria)
What is a Eukaryote?
All Plant & Animal Cells!!!
 Have NUCLEUS and Membrane
bound organelles “Eu” = “Yes
Nucleus”
What does a Plant cell have that an
Animal cell does NOT have?
 Cell Wall –
Support/Structure/Protection
 Chloroplasts – Makes food from
sunlight
 Plastids – Pigments of Plants
(Chloroplasts, Leucoplasts,
Chromoplasts)
What does an Animal cell have that a
Plant cell does NOT have?
 Large Vacuole – Holds water for
Plant
 Lysosomes
 Cilia and Flagella

List the parts of the
Modern Cell Theory


Living things are composed of one or
more cells and cells come from other
living cells by the process of reproduction
Cells are the basic units of structure and
function of all living things
Cells contain specialized structures to
perform functions necessary for life
The Cell Theory applies to which
organisms?
Plant, Animal, Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes,
Unicellular, Multicellular
All of them!
If they are living, they
follow the cell theory
What must all cells
(Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes)
have? 4 things
DNA
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
Who invented the microscope
and saw the first living cells in
pond water?
Who saw cork and named them
“Cells?”
Who claimed that all ANIMALS are
made of cells?
Who claimed that all PLANTS are
made of cells?
Who claimed that all cells must
come from existing cells
(reproduce)?
Leeuwenhoek
Hooke
Remember: Hooke sounds like cork
Schwann
Remember: Schwann sounds like
swan which is an animal
Schleiden
Remember: Schleiden (slidin’) down
the vine and vines are plants
Virchow
Sounds like “COW”
Remember: Cows come from cows
Cells come from cells
What are the four levels of cell
organization starting from the cell,
smallest to largest?
What is the semi-permeable,
phospholipid bilayer (contains lipids
and proteins) that regulates what
goes in and out of a cell?
What is located in the cell
membrane to selectively allow
things into and out of the cell?
What is the hard covering of the
plant cell called that provides
structure and protection?
(Also found in prokaryotes)
Cell (basic unit of life)
↓
Tissue (many cells of same type)
↓
Organ (many tissues of same type)
↓
Organ System (many organs working
together)
Cell Membrane
All living cells must have this or their
insides would spill out all over the place,
yuk!
Proteins
Also called protein channels
Cell Wall
What is the jelly-like substance
inside of a cell called?
Cytoplasm
What is the organelle that assembles
(produces) ribosomes?
Nucleolus
What is the organelle that is the
control center of the cell and holds
the genetic information?
What covers the nucleus and what
are the holes called to allow
ribosomes and RNA out?
Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
Nuclear Pores
What is the genetic material called
inside the nucleus?
Chromosomes (spaghetti like)
What is it called when it is
condensed and preparing for cell
division?
Chromatin (thick, X shaped)
Ribosomes
What makes proteins in the cell?
(found in all cells: plants,
animals, and prokaryotes)
Think: Ribs have proteins and
ribosomes make proteins
What is the large sac inside a plant
cell called?
What is its main function in a plant
cell?
What is a small vacuole’s function in
an animal cell; not common in
animals?
Vacuole
Holds water for cell
Holds food, waste, or other
things that are to go into or out
of the cell.
What digests and gets rid of
unwanted things inside of the cell?
Lysosomes
Lysis means to break open
Think: Garbage men of the cell
Mitochondria
What is the organelle that produces
energy (ATP) for the cell?
Where are more of these found?
What organelle keeps the shape of
the cell?
More are found in muscle cells
because muscles need lots of
energy!
Cytoskeleton
(which is made up of microfilaments and
microtubules)
What are the tiny tubes called that
provide support to the cell and also
create the cilia and flagella?
Microtubules
What are the long thin fibers called
that help with cell support?
Microfilaments
What are cilia?
Cilia – microtubules covering
Prokaryotes like hair used for
movement
What are flagella?
What organelle makes food for
the plant cell?
(What is another name for this?)
What is the organelle that is a folded
membrane and moves material
throughout the cell and processes
the proteins?
What is the folded membrane that
produces and stores the lipids and
carbohydrates?
Flagella – long, thin microtubule
whip-like in prokaryotes used
for movement
Chloroplasts
(Plastids)
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Why is it rough? Ribosomes
attached to it
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Why is it smooth? No ribosomes
What is the organelle that sorts and
packs proteins into vesicles to be
transported out of the cell?
What is it called when cells perform
a specific function for an organism?
Give a few examples.
Golgi Apparatus or Bodies
Think: Like the post office sending a gold
necklace to a friend.
Cell Specialization
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Nerve cells
Muscle cells
Are Fat cells or Blood cells a
cell, tissue, or organ?
What is Diffusion?
What goes in and out of a cell
by diffusion?
When the concentration inside and outside of
the cell is equal this is called_________.
Molecules such as H2O will move equally into
and out of the cell.
When the concentration inside the cell is lower
than outside the cell it is called _________.
What will the cell do? Swell, Shrink, Stay same
Tissues
Because it they are lots of cells working
together doing a specific function
The movement of molecules from
an area of high to low concentration
CO2, O2, and H2O
Isotonic
Water goes in
and out
equally
Hypertonic
Remember:
Water goes from low
Side to higher side
Cell Shrinks
When the concentration inside the cell is
higher than outside the cell it is called
_________.
What will the cell do? Swell, Shrink, Stay same
Hypotonic
Remember:
Water goes from low
Side to higher side
Cell Swells
What is osmosis?
(Hint: not the movie character)
Water movement across the
cell membrane.
It is a type of diffusion.
What is the transportation of
particles across the cell
membrane called that does
NOT need energy?
What type of movement of particles
across the cell membrane NEEDS
energy?
Facilitated Transport
(or Passive Transport)
Active Transport
Needs energy (ATP)
Goes from LOW to HIGH concentration
What does it mean to be
unicellular?
An organism that is made of
only 1 cell
What does it mean to be
multicellular?
An organism that is made of
more than one cell
What type of cell is this?
Plant Cell
How do you know?
Be able to list reasons
Look at different pictures of plant cells on
internet and in text book to be familiar
with different looking plant cells
What type of cell is this?
Animal Cell
How do you know?
Be able to list reasons and identify the
various organelles of this type of cell.
Look at different pictures of animal cells
on internet and in textbook to be familiar
with different looking animal cells