五大基本句型
要寫出一篇好的作文，最重要的是 句型 架構要正確，就像是蓋房子，
要先把鷹架搭穩固，才能蓋出大樓。
(1) S + Vi (不及物動詞)+ (adv.) +…
完全不及物動詞：此類動詞本身句子就可以表達完整的意思，不需要受詞或補語。
It rained.  It rained heavily.  It rained heavily last night.
Birds can fly.  Birds can fly high.  Birds can fly high in the sky.
昨天 John 在圖書館用功讀書。 John studied hard in the library yesterday.
(2) S + Vi (連綴動詞)+ SC…
此類動詞本身不能傳達完整的意思，需要主詞補語才能完整語意。
連綴動詞：
1. be 動詞
2. 似乎 – seem, appear
3. 五官 – look, feel, taste, sound, smell, feel
4. 變成 – become, come, get, go, grow, run, fall
5. 保持 – remain, keep, stay, continue


She is a teacher.  She is the best teacher in our school.
The leaves of many trees turn yellow.  The leaves of many trees turn yellow in
autumn.


The students looked tired. After the PE class, the students looked tired.
Your dream will come true.  If you work hard, your dream will come true some
day.
(3) S + Vt (及物動詞)+ O
此類動詞本身不能傳達完整的意思，需要受詞才能完整句意。
1.名詞當受詞 S + Vt + N.
Compiled by Daisy Liao
1


She grows flowers in the garden.
He passed the entrance examination last year.

He is doing his homework in his room now.
2. 動名詞當受詞 S + Vt + Ving
miss, enjoy, risk, practice, appreciate, mind, consider, finish, escape, avoid,
imagine, quit, suggest, give up,


We should avoid making the same mistake again and again.
He considers leaving his family behind.


Can you imagine living in the slum?
I suggest you going to the doctor right away.
3. 不定詞當受詞 S + Vt + to VR

I plan to go abroad for further study next year.
4. that 子句當受詞 S + Vt + that clause

People know that reading is good for children.
(4) S + Vt (授與動詞) + sb (間接受詞) + sth (直接受詞)
此類動詞本身不能傳達完整的意思，需要兩個受詞才能完整句意。
 S + (give, bring, send, show, lend, teach, write, sell, offer, etc.) + sth. to sb.
 S + (make, buy, get, leave, choose, etc.) + sth. for sb.
 S + (ask) + sth. of sb.
1. The sun gives us light and heat. = The sun gives light and heat to us.
2. She buys her son a birthday gift.=She buys a birthday gift for her son.
3. My classmate asked me a favor. = My classmate ask a favor of me.
(5) S + Vt + O + OC
1. 使役動詞: have, make, let  S + V + O + Vr / p.p.
I had Tom fix my car.
The waste makes the river polluted.
2. 感官動詞: see, watch, look at, listen to, hear, feel, notice
S + V + O + Vr / V-ing / p.p
Compiled by Daisy Liao
2
I saw a bird flying over my head.
He heard someone break into the house.
I’ve never seen him punished.
3.
S + (find, keep, leave, catch) + O + adj / v-ing / pp.
We always keep the classroom clean.
No matter how difficult it is, just keep yourself going.
You need to keep this food frozen, or it will be rotten.
I left my son crying in the room.
Many people were left injured without being taken care of.
I found him guilty.
He was caught cheating on the test
時
I.
II.
簡單現在式 – 表現在事實、習慣、真理
1.
2.
Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
3.
4.
He gets up at six every morning.
She always goes to school by bus.
現在進行式 – 常與 now, at the moment, Look! Listen! 連用
1.
2.
3.
III.
態
S + be + V-ing
He is writing a letter now.
Look! The boy is sleeping under the tree.
Listen! The birds are singing.
現在完成式 –表「完成」、「繼續」、「經驗」
has
S
for + 時間
p.p.
have
Compiled by Daisy Liao
since + 過去時間 / 時間+ ago
3
since + S + V-ed..,..
so far
1.
2.
3.
4.
IV.
I have not seen her for ages.
Have you finished your homework?
He has learned English since last year / one year ago.
Linda has not gone to school since she was sick.
現在完成進行式 –表到目前為止，仍繼續持續的動作。
S + has/have + been + v-ing …..
1.
2.
3.
V.
VI.
He has been sleeping since he came home.(he is still sleeping now)
It has been raining for two hours. (It is still raining now.)
The baby has been crying since his mother left.
過去式 – before, 時間+ ago, last year/week/month, yesterday, etc.
1.
He ate the apple 5 minutes ago.
2.
3.
He was very handsome before.
We met each other last year.
過去進行式 — S + was/were + v-ing
1. 過去某特定時間點
At 8 o’clock last night, I was watching TV.
2. 過去某動作發生時，另一動作正在進行
When the phone rang, I was having my dinner.
3. 過去兩個動作同時進行
While I was doing my homework, my brother was playing the piano.
VII.
過去完成式 – S + had + p.p.
Compiled by Daisy Liao
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過去兩個動作發生時，先發生的用「過去完成式」；後發生的用「過去式」
1. The game had already begun when we arrived.
2. He said he had met me three years ago.
3. John told his mother that he had done his homework.
VIII. 過去完成進行式 –
S + had + been + V-ing
在過去，某事在另一件事發生之前已經持續了一段時間
1. We had been living in Kaohsiung before we moved to Taipei.
2. He had been looking for her since she was lost.
IX.
未來式
S
will
be going to
未來時間
Vr
in + 時間
be about to 即將
I
很短暫時間內
the
tonight.
2.
3.
X.
未來進行式 – 表未來某特定時間內將要進行的動作
1.
2.
XI.
John is going to get married next year.
You come just at the right time. We are about to start.
At 10 o’clock tomorrow, I will be working in my office.
She will be sleeping when she gets home tomorrow.
未來完成式 – 表在未來某時為止會完成的動作、經驗或狀態
Compiled by Daisy Liao
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1.
will go to
movies
by + 未來時間
S + will + have + p.p. +
when/if + S + V(現在式)
1.
2.
3.
4.
XII.
By the time you get home, I will have finished the work.
Next year they will have been married for 25 years.
I will have finished this book when you come next time.
He will have cleaned up the room by 3:00 this afternoon.
未來完成進行式 – 表在未來某時為止，會持續進行的動作
by + 未來時間
S + will + have + been + V-ing +
when/if + S + V(現在式)
1.
2.
If it rains tomorrow, it will have been raining for a week.
By 7:00 next morning, he will have been studying for the test without
3.
4.
sleeping.
By the age of 30, she will have been finishing her great novel.
When we arrive in America, we will have been taking the plane for 12
hours.
have + pp
進行
be + V-ing
未來
have + been + V-ing
進行
完成
完成
will + Vr
have + pp
be +
V-ing
will + have + been + V-ing
被 動 語 態
S
Compiled by Daisy Liao
am/is/are
was/were
6
p.p.
(by sb)
I.
簡單被動語態
1.
2.
3.
II.
III.
The book is written by Helen.
The boy was punished by his teacher.
He will be sent to the sanitarium.
進行被動語態：
1.
2.
will be
be + V-ing
被動
be
+ p.p.
進行
S + be + be-ing + p.p.
A new road is being built now.
A baseball game was being played at 7:00 last night. (特定時間)
完成
完成被動語態：
★現在完成被動： S + have/has + been + p.p.
1.
2.
be + be-ing + p.p.
被動
have + p.p.
be + p.p.
Have you ever been bitten by a dog?
He has been punished for many times.
have + been + p.p.
★過去完成被動：S + had + been + p.p.
1. He had been informed the news when I told him.
2. The victims had been taken to the hospital when the house collapsed
totally.
★未來完成被動：S + will have been + p.p.+ by 時間
1. My house will have been painted by next month.
2. The book will have been finished by the end of the year.
IV. 助動詞 + 被動語態：S + should/must/can…+ be + p.p.
1. You should be more careful next time.
2. The job must be done in detail.
V.
感官動詞的被動語態：S + be + 感官動詞 + to + Vr
1. She was heard to play the piano.
2. The man was seen to break into the house.
Compiled by Daisy Liao
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VI. 不可用被動語態的動詞： Take place, happen, occur, belong to, break out, cost,
last(v), remember, have 及 連綴動詞
假 設 語 氣
Compiled by Daisy Liao
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(1) 與現在事實相反：
were
If + S + 
…, S + would / could / might + VR….
V  ed
(2) 與過去事實相反：
If + S + had + p.p…., S + would / could / might + have + p.p.
(3) 與未來事實相反：
If + S + were to + VR…., S + would / could / might + VR
e.g.: If the sun were to rise from the west, I might marry him.
will
If + S + should + VR…., S + 
+ VR (would 表示毫無機率)
would
e.g.: If it should rain tomorrow, the game would be cancelled.
(4) 萬一：
S  will  VR
(5) 條件句： If + S + V. (present tense) …., 
祈使句
e.g : If it rains tomorrow, we will not go fishing.
were / V  ed
(6) S + wish that + S + 
had  p. p.
(7) It is time that + S + V-ed….(e.g.
It’s time that we went home.)
as if
were / V  ed
(8) 宛如： S + V. + … 
+S+ 
had  p. p.
as though
e.g.: She talks as if she were an expert.
He talks (talked) as though he had
been to Japan.
(9) 省略 If ：
If + S + were + ….  Were + S +…
If + S + had + p.p….  Had + S + p.p.
If + S + should + VR….  Should + S + VR
(10) S + V (要求/命令/建議/堅持) + that + S + (should) + VR
Compiled by Daisy Liao
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e.g. : His mother insisted that he go to the doctor.
would  VR
But for + N, S + 
would  have  p.p.
= Without + N., S …………….
(11) 要不是；假如沒有：
=
If it were not for + N, S + would + VR (與現在事實相反)
If it had not been for + N, S + would + have + p.p.( 與過去事實相反)
Agreement
Compiled by Daisy Liao
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To V

V - ing
 N. 子句

I.
1.
2.
3.
II.
+ 單數動詞
To learn English well is not easy.
Learning English well is not easy.
How to learn English well is a question to many students.
時/距離/重量/價值 + 單數動詞
1
Twenty years is a long time.
2
3
4
Ten thousand dollars is a large sum of money.
80 kgs is heavy.
100 kilometers is a long distance.
III.
Each
Every
No
Many a
1.
2.
3.
N (單) and N(單)
單數動詞
Every boy and girl is diligent.
Many a teacher and doctor likes the book.
No man and woman thinks this policy to be plausible.
IV. something, everything, nothing, somebody, everybody, nobody 屬單數 N
集合 N the police, people, cattle, poultry, deer, etc. 屬複數 N
The + adj.  複數 N (The rich, the blind, the poor, the young)
(N) and (N) +單數動詞  指同一人物 (butter and bread: 奶油麵包)
(N) and (N) + 複數動詞  指不同一人物 (butter and bread 奶油和麵包)
A (N and N) + 單數動詞  a poet and novelist 一位詩人兼小說家
A (N) and a (N) + 複數動詞 a poet and a novelist 一位詩人和一位小說家
V.
有些 N 具有單數及複數兩種性質
1. family 家人(複); 家庭 (單數)
2. audience (複:全體觀眾; 單: 個別的觀眾)
Compiled by Daisy Liao
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3. class (複: 全班學生; 單: 班級)
4. committee (複: 全體委員; 單: 委員會)
VI.
Half
The rest
The majority
Plenty
Percent
of the
N + 單數 V
Ns + 複數 V
1.
80% of the apples are rotten.
2.
Half of apples are rotten.
VII
A number of + Ns + 複數 V
The number of Ns + 單數 V
VIII.
Either A or B
Neither A nor B
Not only A but B
Half of this apple is rotten.
+ V (以 B 為主)
Ex: Either you or I am the winner.
Neither you nor John is a student.
Not only the computer but the desks are all moved out.
IX
A+
with
together with
along with
+ B + V (以 A 主詞為主)
but
as well as
as well as
1. The students as well as the teacher are traveling now.
2. John along with his classmates is not traveling in America.
動 名 詞
Compiled by Daisy Liao
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I.
V-ing 當主詞  V-ing… + 單數動詞
Collecting stamps is a good hobby.
Taking exercise makes us healthy.
II.
動名詞與現在分詞的比較
1. 動名詞表「性質或用途」
A sleeping car (臥車)
A smoking room (吸菸室)
A swimming pool (游泳池)
2. 現在分詞表「狀態或動作」
A sleeping boy (正在睡覺的男孩)
A smoking man (正在抽菸的男人)
A singing bird (正在唱歌的小鳥)
III.
動名詞當受詞
1.
S + Vi + V-ing
下列 V 之後的 V 必須變 V-ing
miss, escape, imagine, quit, give up, appreciate, enjoy, mind, consider,
finish, avoid, practice, suggest.
Do you mind opening the door.
Don’t avoid facing the music.
Compiled by Daisy Liao
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I suggest you changing the job.
2.
介係詞 + V-ing
(on, about, in, at, for, from, to….)
He insists on hiring a new employee.
I am afraid of talking to you.
To 用來當介係詞的情況:
look forward to, with a view to, thanks to, owing to, be devoted to,
in addition to, be used to, be opposed to, prefer to
1. I look forward to seeing you.
2. With a view to improving her teaching, Daisy studied in
the graduate school.
3. I am used to getting up early now.
IV.
下列用法必須接 V-ing
1. There is no + V-ing (不可能)
2. It is no use + V-ing (…是沒有用的)
3. On + V-ing (一…就)
4. cannot help + V-ing (不得不；忍不住)
5. S + be busy + V-ing (忙著做…)
6. S + spend + 時/錢 + (in) + V-ing
7. Sb take turns + (in) + V-ing (輪流做)
8.
9. S + have
Compiled by Daisy Liao
trouble
difficulty
hard time
+ (in) + V-ing (在…方面有困擾)
14
10. S + have fun/a good time + (in) + V-ing (在…方面很好玩)
11.
12.
13.
14.
How about + V-ing
feel like + V-ing
burst out + V-ing
be worth + Ving
15. sth + need/want/require + V-ing (sth 需要被…)
16. go + V-ing
17. do the + V-ing (do the shopping)
18. No + V-ing (禁止, ex: No smoking.)
V.
stop
forget
remember
regret
to Vr (動作尚未尚未發生)
+ 
V - ing (動作已發生)
1. They stopped to take a rest.
2. He stopped working at 5:00pm.
句 型 集 錦
In one' s opinion, S  V...
(1) 
As far as  S  be concerned, S  V...
就 sb 的觀點而言
Ex: In my opinion, he is wrong.
As far as I am concerned, everything is all right.
N

(2) Sb expose + sth + to + 

V  ing 
Compiled by Daisy Liao
使暴露於
15
N

Sb + be exposed to + 
;
V  ing 
sb expose oneself to
Ex: * Don’t expose your skin to the sun for a long.
* Modern people are exposed to noise pollution.
※ I exposed to the sun for a long time…(X)
 I exposed myself to the sun for a long time.
To sum up, 
To be short , 


(3)  In short ,
 + S + V…
 In conclusion ,


 In a word , 
總之/簡言之
make sth possible
(3) 
make it possible for sb to v
使…成為可能
Ex: * The invention of washing machines made it possible for people to save a lot
of
time.
* His determination made his dream possible.
such  N  as  N

(4) such as  N
For example, S  V ...

Ex: * I don’t like to be with such selfish persons as them.
* I like fruit, such as apples, bananas, and guava.
* There are many rules to follow in this school.
allowed to go out during school time.
(5)
Adj 

Adv  + as + S + V…, S + V…
NP 
For example, we are not
雖然…
Ex: * Young as he is, he knows a great deal about politics.
Compiled by Daisy Liao
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* Bravely as the soldiers fought, they were defeated.
* Child as he is, he is not afraid of speaking to a stranger.
cure sb of 病

rob sb of sth



(6) relieve sb of sth 
rid  O.  of  sth 


remind sb of sth 
adj

OC =  v - ing
p.p.

find it  OC  to vr
(7) 
find  O.  OC
Ex: * I find it difficult to master English
* He found the movie interesting.
(8) take…as …
correspond to…
happen to
in place of
把…當做
與…一致; 與…符合
碰巧
取代
ex: * I will take your words as good advice and bear it in my mind.
* In English, sounds usually correspond to letters (字母)
* I happened to see a thief stealing something from the store.
* You can hand in a report in place of the test.
平均
(9) on (the) average
低於/高於平均
below/above (the) average
(10) enable + O. + to v.
Ex: * Computers enable us to address complicated problem in a short time.
 provide sb with sth
(11) 
 provide sth for sb
Compiled by Daisy Liao
供應
17
(12) in the process of
在…的過程中
Ex: In the process of socialization, children learn to be independent.
When it comes to
(13) 
+ N / V-ing
Speaking of
談到…
Ex: * When it comes to making friends, it is undeniable that John is the most
skillful.
* Speaking of modern literature, I know nothing about it.
have confidence in
(14) 
be confident of
對…有信心
Ex: * We should have confidence in ourselves.
* He is usually confident of himself.
be ready to
(15) 
非常樂意做…
be willing to
Ex: * I am always ready to be of service to you.
* I am willing to have dinner with you.
can' t (help ) but  Vr

(16) can' t help  V  ing
have no choice but to Vr

不得不; 忍不住
Ex: * I couldn’t help but burst into tears.
* He couldn’t help falling in love with her.
* We have no other choice but to follow the rules.
輪流
take turns  (in )  V  ing

V  ing

輪到sb輪到sb
(17) take one' s turn
to
Vr


 It is one' s turn to Vr
輪到 sb
Ex: * To avoid being too tired, we took turns driving the car.
Compiled by Daisy Liao
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* It is time for you to take your turn washing the dishes.
* It is my turn to take care of the pet.
(18) 為了;由於
because of
due to

on account of
by virtue of

owing to
lead to
bring about

(19) contribute to
cause

result in
N
+ 
V  ing
N
+ 
V  ing
導致 ；
i m p u t. e. . t o
歸因於

a t t r i b u. .t te o.
Ex: * His smoking contributes to his lung caner.
* He attributed his failure to his carelessness.
the

(20) do one ' s
 some

+ V-ing
做某事
cf: go + V-ing
Ex: * do some shopping; do the washing; do her jogging; do much talking
take delight in

to Vr

(21) be delighted 
with / at N

sth delight sb 使高興
樂於；喜歡
Ex: * Somehow I take delight in doing some shopping when I am alone.
* Jenny is delighted with the doll.
* My academic achievement delighted my parents a lot.
blame  sb
(22) 
to blame for
Compiled by Daisy Liao
責備sb
應受責備
19
Ex: * On seeing James come out of the Internet café, his mother blamed him a
lot.
* The drunken driver is to blame for this accident.
就...而言
As far as ...be concerned
(23) 
就...所知
As far as  sb  know
Ex: * As far as beauty is concerned, everyone has his own opinion.
* As far as I know, he is not very popular with his colleagues.
lie in
(24) 
在於…
consist in
Ex: * Happiness lies in contentment.
* His greatness consists in his modesty, but not in his wealth.
對...有益
do 人/事 good
(25) 
do harm to 人/事  be harmful to......對...有害
Ex: * Staying up late will do harm to our health.
* Learning English well can do you much good.
(26)
It is said that S.  V.

to Vr

S
be
said


to have  p.p.

據說
Ex: * It is said that he is still alive.
* He is said to be still alive.
* She is said to have been a millionaire when he was young.
adj - er
be
adj - er
be
(27) the + 
+ S. +  , the + 
+ S. + 
adv - er
adv - er
V.
V.
Ex: * The older you get, the weaker you will be.
* The harder he tried, the more achievement he got.
to Vr
(28) intend 
Ving
Compiled by Daisy Liao
打算…
20
Ex: * I intend to learn Chinese painting after my retirement.
* When he intended stealing the money, he was caught by the store owner.
(29) with the + N. of …, S. + N. …
藉著; 因為
Ex: * With the improvement of technology, people live a more comfortable life.
* With the approach of the test, the students study harder than before.
do sb/sth good 對...有益
(30) 
do harm to sb/sth  be harmful to sb/sth
對...有害
Ex: * I hope my advice will do you good.
* Smoking can do a lot of harm to you.
make every effort to V
spare no effort to V

(31) S + 
盡最大的努力
do
sb'
s
best
to
V

V  with all sb' s might
Ex: * He makes every effort to pass the exam.
* I persuaded him to join the game with all my might.
(32) S. + be bound to + V.
一定
Ex: * We are bound to get rid of our bad habits.
were
(33) If only + S. + 
但願
could  V
Ex: * If only he could understand my good will.
* If only I were a professor in the future.
can' t be too  adj.

(34) S. + can' t be  P.P. too much
can' t be over  p.p.

再…也不為過
Ex: * The importance of environment protection can’t be emphasized too
much.
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* You can’t be too careful when driving.
就是…
(35) It is + NP + that clause
Ex: * It is Jack that is the president of this company.
* It is the restaurant that I proposed to my girlfriend.
proverb
goes


(36) As the rumor  runs = Well goes the
saying
says


proverb

rumor
saying

如諺語/謠言所說
Ex: * As the rumor goes, he has extramarital relationship with Ms. White.
* Well goes the saying, “Still water runs deep.”
副詞片語
be
(37) Only + 
+ 
+ S. + V. …. (倒裝句)
只有
副詞子句
助動詞
Ex: * Only with great efforts can you succeed.
* Only when you lose love can you understand how deep the love is.
(38) those who……
凡….者
Ex: * Those who like to take exercise will be strong and energetic.
V1 比 V 2 好
(39) It’s better to V 1 than to V 2
Ex: * It’s better to give than to receive.
無法；不可能
(40) There is no + V-ing
= It’s out of question to + V.
= It’s impossible to + V.
Ex: * There is no predicting when there will be an earthquake.
不用說；不待言的
(41) It goes without saying that + S + V…
= Needless to say, S + V….
Ex: * It goes without saying that students are all for the lift of hair ban.
* Needless to say, you are opposed to this project.
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V - ing
(42) When it comes to + 
一談到
N
Ex: * When it comes to learning English, the most important tip is to practice.
一…就
(43) No sooner had + S + P.P. + than + S + V-ed
= Hardly had + S + P.P. + when/before + S + V-ed
Ex: * No sooner had I got home than I rushed to the bathroom.
* Hardly had I opened the can when I smelled it rancid.
reported
(44) It is 
+ that + S + V…
said
Vr
= S + be said/reported to + 
have  p.p.
據說；據報導
= People say/report that S + have + P.P.
Ex: * It’s reported that there will be several typhoons hitting Taiwan this
summer.
* The company is said to have gone into bankruptcy.
(45) It occurred to sb. that S. + V….
某人想起
Ex: * It occurred to me that typhoon Herb did great damage to the houses on
the hill.
* It occurred to him that the traffic accident one year ago could be
avoided.
該是…的時候了
(46) It’s high time that + S. + V-ed
Ex: * It’s high time that we took precautions against fire.
N
N
N
(47) In addition to + 
= Apart from + 
= Besides + 
V - ing
V - ing
V - ing
Ex: * Apart from working, we also need recreation.
(48) S + convince sb of sth
勸 sb 做 sth
Ex: * My teacher always convinces us of studying hard in class and relaxing
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after class.


S  would rather  Vr  than Vr 寧願...而不願

較喜歡...
(49) S  prefer to  Vr

V - ing
V - ing
S  prefer 
to 
喜歡 (前者)勝於 (後者)


N
N

Ex: * I would rather die than marry you.
* She prefers to do something she likes.
* The students prefer playing computer games to watching the movies.
(50) How come + S + V-ed
怎麼…會呢?
Ex: * How come that a president told a lie to his common people?
* How come you were late to the meeting?
but  S  V
(51) S + never…+ 
每…必
without  V - ing
Ex: * He never goes to a bookstore but he buys some books.
* She never saw his relics (遺物) without weeping.
adj
adj
(52) not so much + 
as + 
與其說…不如說
 Np
 Np
Ex: * My mother is not so much a beautiful woman as a woman of wisdom.
* Our English teacher is not so much pretty as elegant.
time

(53) It takes efforts to + Vr…
 patience

做某是需要時間/努力/耐心
Ex: * It takes time to finish this job.
* It takes patience to teach children.
意思是...; 表示
V - ing / N

(54) mean + to  Vr
打算做; 有意要
a lot / a little / nothing to sb 對 sb 的意義很大/微小

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Ex: * I am sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feeling.
* The sign means waiting in line.
* True love means a great deal to women.
Compared with...,

(55) In comparison with..., S + V. + ….
Compared to...,

和...比起來

和...比起來
比喻為

Ex: * Compared with mathematics, English is much easier to learn.
* In comparison with many other countries, Taiwan is overpopulated.
take advantage of
(56) 
+N
利用
make use of
Ex: * He is trying to take advantage of your generosity.

to  Vr


persuade sb  into  Ving
(57) 
of  N


dissuade sb from  Ving 勸阻

說服sb去做
Ex: * She persuaded us of her innocence.
* The salesman persuaded me into buying his goods.
* My teacher dissuaded me from going to the party.
V.  N
(58) 時間/地方 Adv. + 
pronoun  V.
Ex: * Here comes the bus.
* Under the tree stood a boy.
* On the bed he lay.
(59) S + be apt to + Vr…. 易於…；傾向於
= tend to
= have a tendency to + Vr.
Ex: * According to the Western zodiac signs, the Cancer is apt to be loyal to his
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family.
 famous
 
for 以....出名
be noted
(60)  
 wellknown
be notorious for 以...惡名昭彰

Ex: * Mt. Ali is famous for its beautiful sunrise.
* The despot is notorious for its atrocity (殘暴)
take it for granted that  S  V....
(61) S + 
把…視為理所當然
take  O.  for granted
Ex: * Many students take teachers’ devotion for granted.
* Don’t take it for granted that teachers should teach you everything.
located
(62) S + be 
in / at / on + 地點
situated
位於
in Chai - yi City
Ex: * Fu Jen High School is situated 
on Wu Fong Road
divide  O.  into... 將...分割成
(63) S + 
從....分割出來
divide  O  from.....
Ex: * Taiwan Strait divides Taiwan from China.
* I divide the students into 8 groups.
(64) Sb be impressed with sth/sb
sb 對…印象深刻
= sb/sth make an impression on sb
Ex: * His speech made a strong impression on me.
* I was strongly impressed with his speech.
如此…以致
(65) Such + be + S + that + S + V
Ex: * Such was her attraction that we could not but look at her.
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look upon
think of
adj.

(66) 
+ O. + as + 
 N.
regard
view
把…視為
refer to…as
提到
Ex: * Most people regard it as a nuisance to wait for the bus.
* I usually think of friendship as important.
consider
adj.
(67) 
+ O. + (to be) + 
把…視為
think
 N.
Ex: * Our teacher considers us to be her children.
* He is thought (to be) a great teacher.
adj.

(68) with + O. + V - ing
p.p.

(表附帶狀況)
Ex: * My sister was riding her bicycle with her hair blowing in the wind.
* I sat on the chair, with my eyes closed.
be composed of

(69) S + consist of
be made up of

由…組成
Ex: * This class consists of 20 boys and 20 girls.
* Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
(70) There is no denying that S. + V.
= No one can deny that S. + V.
無可否認的
= It cannot be denied that S. + V.
Ex: * There is no denying that she is a devoted mother.
* It cannot be denied that healthy food is good for your health.
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what is called
what we call

(71) 
so - called
alleged
所謂的…
Ex: * He is a so-called fair-weather friend.
(酒肉朋友)
* The alleged referendum is a countrywide voting.
make  O.  possible
(72) 
使 sth 成為可能
make it possible (for sb) to Vr
Ex: * The machine makes it possible to save time.
* The machine makes saving time possible.
the former.... ; the latter...

(73) the one....; the other....
that.....; this...

前者…後者
Ex: * Health is above wealth, for this can’t give us so much happiness as that.
* Work is as important as recreation. The former gives us energy; the latter
gives us
rest.
make a point of  V - ing
(74) S + 
重視; 堅持; 強調
make it a point to Vr....
Ex: * Mother makes a point of going to bed before ten o’clock.
* Father made a point to drive me to school.
(75) S + enble + O. + to Vr.
使能夠
Ex: * His good health enables him to work hard.
* My teacher’s advice enabled me to take defeat well.
(76) It is + 人性 adj. + of sb. to Vr.
Ex: * It’s nice of you to accept my recommendation.
人性 adj.：kind, generous, friendly, brave, mean, stingy, etc.
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(77) anything but + N. / adj.
絕非
nothing but = only
nothing less than 十足的
Ex: * She is anything but honest.
* I do anything but that.
eg: He is nothing but a coward.
be/get accustomed to
 N.
(78) S + 
+ 
習慣於…
be/get used to
V - ing
Ex: * Many foreigners can’t get accustomed to the humid weather in Taiwan.
* You’d better get used to living in the computerized world.
(79) S. + may well + V.
有足夠的理由；盡可
Ex: * You may well trust me because I’m on honest and enthusiastic person.
做…是沒有用的
(80) It’s no use + V-ing
Ex: * It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
(81) S + be grateful to sb for sth
很感激的
Ex: * I am grateful to you for your hearty reception.
(82) S + should have + p.p.
S + shouldn’t have + P.P.
應做而未做
不應做而做了
Ex: * You should have let me know her illness. (But you didn’t.)
* You shouldn’t have told him about it. (But you did.)
(83) not necessarily
不盡然
Ex: * An acquaintance is not necessarily a good friend.
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分 詞 片 語
……N + V-ing / p.p. + …
Examples:
(1) He was the student who shot many students on campus.
 He was the student (shooting many students on campus.)
(2) He was the woman (who sat behind me in the restaurant yesterday).
 She was the woman (sitting behind me in the restaurant yesterday).
(3) The Great Wall (which was built by the emperor of Chin Dynasty) has become one
of the greatest wonders in the world.
 The Great Wall (built by the emperor of Chin Dynasty) has become of the
greatest wonders in the world.
(4) The money (which was taken away by the thief) belongs to me.
 The money (taken away by the thief) belongs to me.
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Practice
以分詞片語改寫：
1.
I don’t know the man who is talking to my wife.
 I don’t know the man talking to my wife.
2. Who is the boy that is standing at the door?
 Who is the boy standing at the door?
3. The woman who lives next door to me is a famous movie star.
 The woman living next door to me is a famous movie star.
4. Anyone who breaks the rules is out.
 Anyone breaking the rules is out.
5.
The boy (who was punished by his teacher) is the mayor’s son.
 The boy punished by his teacher is the mayor’s son.
6. The song (which is sung by A-mei) is popular with the youngsters.
 The song sung by A-mei is popular with the youngsters.
7. The man who sang loudly in the midnight was fined by the police.
 The man singing loudly in the midnight was fined by the police.
分詞構句 - 1
(一)
Because/ When/If/Although + S + V1…, S + V2 +…
 (Not) V-ing..., S + V2....
(1) When I crossed the street, I stumbled and fell on the ground.
 (When) crossing the street, I stumbled and fell on the ground.
(2) Because she didn’t know what to do, she burst into tears.
 Not knowing what to do, she burst into tears.
(二) 完成式分詞構句：
Because/ When/If/Although + S + have + pp…, S + V2 +…
 Having + P.P. + …… , S + V2 + …..
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(1) Because he had seen the movie, he didn't feel like seeing it again.
 Having seen the movie twice, he didn't feel like seeing it again.
(2) Since she has taught for ten years, she knows pretty well about children.
 Having taught for ten years, she knows pretty well about children.
(三) 被動式分詞構句：
Because/When/If/Although + S + be + p.p. …, S + V2+ ….
 (Being) P.P. + …., S + V2 + …..
(1) Because the thief was caught by the police, he couldn’t run away.
 (Being) Caught by the police, the thief couldn’t run away.
(2) If I was invited to the party, I will draw everyone’s attention.
 (If) Invited to the party, I will draw everyone’s attention.
(四) 主詞不同：
Because/When/If/Although + S1 + V1 …, S2 + V2+ ….
 S1 + V1-ing + …., S2 + V2 + …..
(1)
The weather was not fine, so we canceled our outing plan.
 The weather being not fine, we canceled our outing plan.
分詞構句 - 2
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S + V1
and
V
2
S+
V
1
…,
V
2
-ing….(表附帶動作)
(1) He swung from one branch to the next and ate the tree’s delicious fruit.
 He swung from one branch to the next, eating the tree’s delicious fruit.
(2) He sat rooted on the bench and was frozen into his personal cocoon.
 He sat rooted on the bench, frozen into his personal cocoon.
表「命令」、
「建議」
、「要求」、
「堅持」的 V
S
insist
advise
argue
decide
that + S + (should) + 原形動詞
desire
order
require
suggest
Examples:
1. The girl insisted that he join them.
2. Mary suggested that we go Dutch.
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3.
4.
Mom insisted that John go to a doctor.
Our teacher advised that we study English at least one hour every day.
5.
Mr. White required that his son study in the medical college.
地方或時間副詞放句首
 Adv.  V  S (一般N) 
S + V + Adv.  

 Adv.  S (代名詞)  V 
Ex: 1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
The bus comes here. = Here comes the bus.
It comes here. = Here it comes.
A black dog lied under the tree. = Under the tree lied a black dog.
He stood under the tree. = Under the tree he stood.
在山上住了一位奇怪的老頭
(1) In the mountain lives a strange old man.
(2) (S 改為 pronoun) In the mountain he lives.
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2. 床上躺了一位美麗的公主
(1) On the bed lay a beautiful princess.
(2) (S 改為 pronoun)
On the bed she lay.
3. 門口站了一個怪物
(1) At the door stood a monster.
(2) (S 改為 pronoun)
At the door it stood.
4. 森林裡有七個小矮人(dwarf)
(1) In the forest are seven dwarves.
(2) (S 改為 pronoun)
In the forest they are.
5. 一大早來了一位客人
(1) In the early morning came a guest.
(2) (S 改為 pronoun)
In the early morning he came.
假設語氣
一.
IF 子句的用法
1.
現在式假設法 (表現在或將來可能發生的事)
Vr  O.  ... (祈使句)
S  will  Vr.
If + S + V (現在式)…, 
(1) If Melissa comes, tell her I’ll be home soon.
(2) If the temperature drops, you will have to drive the sheep into the barn.
2.
過去式假設法 (與現在或未來事實相反)
If + S + V.(p.t.) +…, S + would/could + V+….
(1) If I had a computer, I could chat with my friends over the Internet.
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(2) If James were here right now, he would agree with us.
3.
過去完成假設法 (與過去事實相反)
If + S + had + p.p. +…, S + would/could +have + p.p.….
(1) If you had been on time, we wouldn’t have missed the show.
(2) If you had remembered to lock the bike, it wouldn’t have been stolen.
二、wish 的用法
1.
用過去式 表示對現在或將來的祈願
Sally wishes she were stronger and wiser.
I wish I knew more about her.
2.
用過去完成表示對過去的祈願
I wish you had been there with us on Christmas Eve.
Norman wishes he hadn’t bought that car on impulse.
三、as if / as though 的用法
1. 現在式 表示對現在或將來的比喻
The little boy looks as if he is going to cry.
I feel as though someone is pounding me on the head.
2.
過去式與過去事實相反的比喻
He talks as if he were an adult.
3.
過去完成與過去事實相反的比喻
He talked about the accident as though he had been there.
Without + NP, S + would + VR + ….  與現在事實相反
= If + S + V (p.t)…., S + would + VR + …
(1) Without the sun, the earth would be a cold and lifeless place.
= If there were not the sun, the earth would be a cold and lifeless place.
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(2) Without care and love, child could not grow to be a good person.
= If there were no care and love, child could not grow to be a good person.
Without + NP, S + would + have + p.p.+…  與過去事實相反
= If + S + had + p.p.+.., S + would + have + p.p….
(1) Without the old lady, I might have been turned over to the police.
= If the old lady had not helped me, I might have been turned over to the
(2) Without his teacher, Jeff might have given up.
= If his teacher had not given Jeff some advice, he might have given up.
連接詞 V.S 副詞子句
文法重點：任何兩個句子必須有連接辭連接
句 型：
連接詞  S  V...., S  V....

S  V  ....  連接詞  S  V....
表時間
before, after, when, while, until, as soon as….
表原因/結果
because, since,
表目的
so that, in order that
對比
although, though, even though, while
條件
if, unless, provided that, as long as,
對等
and, but, so, or
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police.
以下的句子皆為錯誤句子，請改正：
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
He went to school, he had a rich breakfast.
Before he went to school, he had a rich breakfast.
I finished my homework, I watched TV.
After I finished my homework, I watched TV.
He was very sick, he didn’t go to school.
Because he was very sick, he didn’t go to school.
I arrived at the station, the train had gone.
When I arrived at the station, the train had left.
He loves her very much, he still doesn’t know how to tell her.
He loves her very much, but he still doesn’t know how to tell her.
He made efforts to win her heart, she still doesn’t love him.
Even though he made efforts to win her heart, she still doesn’t love him.
It rains tomorrow, we won’t go mountain climbing.
If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go mountain climbing.
You can’t succeed, you work hard.
You can’t succeed unless you work hard.
I was a child, I usually sat on the bench in the park watching people.
When I was a child, I usually sat on the bench in the park watching people.
10. He is a good man, people don’t like him so much.
He is a good man, but people don’t like him.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
He lay on the bed ________________ he entered his room.
He didn’t go home ___________ his father called him.
He burned the mid-night oil ___________ he could finish the job.
We will achieve our goal ______________ we work hard.
__________ he is still young, he is very well-mannered.
16. Some people lash out the government __________ some applaud it.
Ans:
11. as soon as/after
12. until
13. so that/in order that
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14. as long as
15. Although
16. while
過去完成式
文法重點: 過去發生兩件事，先發生的 (happened earlier) 用「過去完成」；後
發生的 (happened later) 用「過去式」。
Examples:
(1) The movie ended at 10:30. Tony arrived at 11:00.
 When Tony arrived at 11:00, the movie had ended.
(2) David’s car was towed away at 4:00 in the afternoon.
He finished his work at 5:00.
 When David finished his work, his car had been towed away.
Practice
1. The airplane took off at 9:10.
Sarah arrived at the airport at 10:00.
 When Sarah arrived at the airport, the airplane had taken off.
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2. I arrived home this morning. Somebody broke into the house last night.
 When I arrived home, I found that somebody had broken into the house.
3. Jane went out before dinner.
Dinner began at 6:00.
 When dinner began, Jane had gone out.
4. I met my ex-girlfriend last week.
She got married two months ago.
 When I met my ex-girlfriend, I found out she had got married.
5. He left last Monday.
I called him last Tuesday.
 ____________________________________________
6. Kevin called me several times before 9:00.
I arrived at the office at 9:20.
 ________________________________________________.
Ans: When I called him, he had left.
When I arrived at the office, Kevin had called me several times.
其他重要句型

A l l
should


A l l t h a t+ S + 
+ do + is + Vr
W h a t
have to

can
(1)
want to
1.
Pahom wanted to buy more land at a lower price.
friends with the people and their chief.
He just needed to become
 All he had to do was become friends with the people and their chief.
2.
John wants to apply for the job.
He just needs to fill out a form.
 All he has to do is fill out a form.
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3.
All you should do before the exam is study with concentration.
4.
5.
What I can do is help him tide over the hard time.
At that moment, all that I could to was cry.
find'
keep

S + leave + O. +

catch
(2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
P.P.

V - ing
Adj

I am sorry to keep you waiting.
The mother left the boy crying in the room.
I found my money stolen.
He was caught cheating.
The earthquake left 500 people injured.
We found the school beautiful.
V - ing 主動

S + V + ….., with + O. + P.P. 被動
Adj.

(3)
1.
2.
3.
The girl rode a bike in the park, with her dog running after her.
She sat on the bench with her eyes closed.
My father lay on the grass with his arms wide open (adj.).
4.
5.
The woman came to me with a kid standing beside her.
The sick man walked toward the dais with his body shaking.
(4)
It is time (for sb) to + Vr
It is time that S + V-ed…
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Ex: It is time for me to study hard now.
It is time that the kids went to bed.
It is time to go to lunch.
1. 該是政府採取環保措施的時候了。
It is high time that the government took measures of environmental protection.
2. 該是我們做颱風的預防措施的時候了。
It is time that we took precautions against typhoons.
(5)
It is not until ….. that + S + V
 句型 (1)
be 
= Not until….+ 
 + S + V … 句型 (2)
助V 
be 
= S+ 
 not + V …unitl…  句型 (3)
助V 
Ex: 1.
It was not until midnight that the fire was put out.
= Not until midnight was the fire put out.
= The fire was not put out until midnight.
1. 直到他結婚後，他才發現他真得很愛她。
句型 (1)
It was not until he got married that he found he really loved her.
句型 (2) Not unitl he got married did he found he really loved her.
句型 (3) He didn’t find her really loved her until he got married.
2.
直到她英文被當了(flunk in English)，她媽媽才知道她不用功
句型 (1) It was not until she flunked in English that her mother understood
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she didn’t study hard.
句型 (2) Not until she flunked in English did her mother understand she
didn’t study hard.
句型 (3) Her mother didn’t understand she didn’t study hard until she flunked
in English.
3.
直到 Vingo 死後，人們才承認他的畫為(as)傑作
句型 (1) It was not until Vingo was dead that people recognized his paintings
as masterpiece.
句型 (2) Not until Vingo was dead did people recognize his paintings as
masterpiece.
句型 (3) People didn’t recognize Vingo’s paintings as masterpiece until he
was dead.
4.
直到你碰到(confront)挫折後，你才會得到教訓 (learn a lesson)
句型 (1) It is not until you confront frustration that you can learn a lesson.
句型 (2) Not until you confront frustration can you learn a lesson.
句型 (3) You can’t learn a lesson until you confront frustration.
5.
直到畢業後，我才明白老師的話
句型 (1) It was not until I graduated from school that I realized my teacher’s
words.
句型 (2) Not until I graduated from school did I realize my teacher’s words.
句型 (3) I didn’t realize my teacher’s words until I graduated from school.
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(6)
The +
adj  er
more  adj.
+ S + V, the +
adj  er
+ S + V…….
more  adj.
Examples：
(1) The harder he tries to win her, the more she ignores him.
(2) The older we grow, the poorer our memories will become.
(3) The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
Practice
1. He grew old.
He became wise.
2.
4.
→ The older he grew, the wiser he became.
He gets much.
He wants much.
The more he gets, the more he wants.
You smoke much. You are likely to get lung cancer.
The more you smoke, the more likely you get lung cancer.
5.
You worry little.
You become happy.
6.
The less you worry, the happier you become.
You work hard. You will be successful.
The harder you work, the mor successful you will be.
(7)
S + get / have + O + P.P.
(被動)
Examples:
(1) The thrill of zooming along the ground got millions of people hooked on this
exciting new sport.
(2) I am going to have my hair cut (p.p.)
(3) You must get the work done by next Tuesday.
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Practice
A. Use the correct verb forms to fill in the blanks.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I must get this letter mailed right away.
They had their living room decorated last week.
He finally got his computer fixed.
You must have the grammar exercise done by Friday!
Why don’t you get your suit cleaned? It’s so dirty!
Please don’t have the cat taken away.
S + have + O + Vr (主動)
S + get + O + to V (主動)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The manager had someone wash the car.
I had a worker paint my house.
You’d better get someone to clean the house.
I got him to stay for nights.
The teacher had someone take out the garbage.
6.
You can get a housekeeper to help clean up the house.
諺 語 集 錦
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Two heads are better than one. 三個臭皮匠，勝過一個諸葛亮
Misery loves company. (It never rains but pours.) 禍不單行
It takes all sorts to make a world. 一種米養百種人
There are two sides to every question. 每個問題都有正反兩面看法
Rome was not built in a day. 羅馬不是一天造成的
Every man has his taste. 人各有所好
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 情人眼裡出西施
Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母
9. An eye for an eye, and we will all go blind. 以牙還牙，兩敗俱傷
10. Time flies. 時光飛逝
11. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧
12. Unity is strength. 團結就是力量
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13.
14.
Knowledge is power. 知識就是力量
Live and learn. 活到老，學到老
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Haste makes waste. 欲速則不達
Seeing is believing. 百聞不如一見
A word once spoken can never be recalled. 一言既出，駟馬難追。
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今日事今日畢
It is more blessed to give than to receive. 施比受更有福
A word spoken is an arrow let fly. 一言既出，如箭射出。
Better to sail slowly than not to sail at all. 完全停滯不前不如慢慢駛向前。
Deeds, not words. 說得到，做得到。言出必行。
23.
24.
25.
Fine words dress ill deeds. 巧言藏惡行。說一套，做一套。
Good counsel has no price.
良言乃無價之寶。
Zeal without prudence is frenzy. 熱誠不夠謹慎猶若瘋狂。
26.
To do one thing well is a worthy ambition.
把一件事做好，這就是一個有價值的雄心。
27.
The higher the mountain, the greater descent.
山愈高，峭壁愈陡。爬得愈高，跌得愈深。
The best is the enemy of the good. 「 最好」往往成為「好」的敵人。
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
A fair face may hide a foul heart.
漂亮的面孔可能藏著一顆齷齪的心。人面獸心。
A good conscience is a safe pillow. 良心清白，安枕無憂。
All that glitters is not gold. 金玉其外，敗絮其中。虛有其表。
Apparel makes the man. 人靠衣裳，馬靠鞍裝。
Appearances are deceptive. 外表是靠不住的。
Clothes do not make the man. 衣冠不能造人品。人不可以貌相。
Look before you leap.
三思而後行
Birds of a feather flock together. 物以類聚
38.
Anger makes you smaller, while forgiveness forces you to grow beyond
what you were. 怒火使你渺小，寬容使你超越自我。
Honor is a gift a man gives himself. 榮譽是人與生俱來的
39.
Don't kill the goose that lays the golden eggs. 不要殺雞取卵
40.
Impossible is a word only to be found in the dictionary of fools.
[不可能]一字只有在傻瓜的字典裡才找得到－拿破崙
Do in Rome as the Romans do. 入境隨俗
41.
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42.
It is not enough to have a good mind; the main thing is to use it well.
有好的頭腦還不夠，主要是要好好利用它。－笛卡爾
43. Better to face a danger once than be always in fear.
與其老是害怕不如面對一次危險。引申：做了再說！
44. Seeing is believing. 眼見為信
45.
Half of the harm that is done in the world is due to people who want to
feel important.
世上的禍害，半數起源於有人想表現自己有多重要。
46.
A vicious nature will never make a good man.
邪惡的天性，永遠不會成就一個好人。
47.
Life is either a daring adventure or nothing. --Helen Keller
生命是一場勇敢的冒險否則便是一無是處
One swallow does not make a summer. 不可以偏概全
48.
49.
50.
It is our choices that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities.
能顯示我們真性情的不是能力，是如何抉擇。
Honesty is the best policy. 誠實為要
51.
In the middle of difficulty, lies opportunity. --Albert Einstein
轉機就在困境之中－愛因斯坦
52.
It is much easier to be critical than to be correct.
批評要比做對容易太多。引申：放馬後炮於事無補。
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情
53.
54.
55.
I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is
another step forward.
我不會沮喪，因為每拋棄一個錯誤的嘗試就是往前的另一步。－愛迪生
Spare the rod and spoil the child. 玉不琢不成器
56.
Think like a man of action, act like a man of thought.
思考時要像一個行動的人，行動時要像一個思考的人。－柏克森
57.
There is great audacity in the willingness to change, and more than a
little optimism.
改變現狀需要有犯險的勇氣，不只是一點點樂觀而已。
58.
Action speaks louder than words.
59.
The virtue of all achievement is victory over oneself. Those who know
this can never know defeat.
人生至高成就在於戰勝自己，深諳此道者即立於不敗之地。
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60.
A lot of empty-headed people rejoice over the wrong things.
許多沒腦袋的傢伙，即使是不好的事情，也會感到高興。
61.
The truth is always only one. 真相永遠只有一個。 －江戶川柯南
參 考 書 目
1. Interactive English Grammar 挑戰英文文法總複習，陳賢、黃愛倫 編著
2. Effective Writing 英文翻譯作文百分百，徐淑雅、許亞君 編著
3. Far East English Textbook 遠東英文教科書，施玉惠、林茂松、陳純音 編著
4.
5.
http://www.eng.fju.edu.tw/etc/quiz/proverbs.htm
http://www.geocities.com/allen1109/englishproverb/
編纂者：
廖菊霞，國立中正大學 外文研究所 英語教學組 畢業
感謝 吳文傑 同學協助校閱！
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