Latency-Rate servers: A General Model for Analysis of Traffic

"!#%$&
!(')$*+, "!-
/.0
$'2134567 &
8 !0.9:;!<:$*.<7 =5
>@?BAC?EDGF?BHJILKMDG?BNE?BOJP?EI OQ*PRSQTUGOQ+V(OFACO
W(HACXYT"DGZ/F\[]QY^?BQYZ/Z/F?BQY^2>@Z/X"OFD)ACZ/QD
_@QY?B`ZaFbIc?BDedfHgWhONB?ig0HJFQ"?BO
KjOQD)OCW(FT"klmWnRpoqJrsut
v wyxyz|{E}~cz

Bb/9Yjy)9cnmG0/90b(b9|yy}z|/~c
"}z|"xec{0{<xjE ¡B-00G900¢9£|cBa*cac¤B"£B0c¥n"-<ay¦¡
/SG-B/(
§0)G§//aG-ÿmayE"c-¨by©hª«a §0/G¡
c\c£hc¬ --/e®¦b9SSby-90 ayC§b¤¯BY@/0G(e-90
yG-e{B}z|y©S²@3B/³BaG
-yG¡
°90chB/"S9±}¡|z|ä/~«ća-¯<aByaL¦a
c)c-Ba(y(B¦a-GS²µ9cb-e
¶/ç·¹¦/0¦/9aº¹0B¦ac¼»<¨]½®9£¼¡-»-ÿ¬¶/µ·¹¦a9¦/0/b
²@0cb-y2¾*c¦b/¿¾*c§bca2Àm9Áa9(¾*¦a2¾¹§J§9ca
-B/*9)-"c£u ¡E-90G00y©²µ*0-GmBbÂ¦bb9"§¦ab"c
B/*9a¡B-¡E9/h9¤Gb-9-aca§¦b0-B/e-y/ca §b¦Ã9"0yÄG¦b09¡
(9b-*c£J/G¦/G-y-B/*µc3c-§bB0c0¤Å/eB"-¨£ ¡
-90G00«3-90h"c£MB/*G-9a9yc£jBa¹aG¦/"--ay®¦b90
3B/*/yE"c-¨b"a9ÅBam-y-BSB0c¥n«YB/yL§b¤hmyc¨b¤
§¦a-ÿy©µª"¦/yBaÅB/y0¤c£ ¡B-00G90
9ac§byÅyG b¦a-c¡
Bc2£Bcb¦b9-¡|§¦aÅ9a¡B-¡E9/2b9¤ca@§b¦Ã9
0yÄG¦b0y(9b-"SmayE"c-¨Å£J-90G90"3"-3B/-90G00"c
(/)Bµ(¤LaGcj¦a-
B/
-G(
--/y¦b/µc)c-Ba©²µ
c-2b9ÁaS-9£¼¡Becb-cayCb0G)<¬-ec¦/)-@BaL£c-¡
/e-c£n h¡E-90)90/¯¦a-S-2yG
/0@Ba¸£c-ay-Sc£
(cb¤3"9¡|äc"µ--/e®¦b/SG-B/(y©
Æ0Ç(Æ|ÈÉÊË/ÌJÍÎbÉ/ÏÐËÈ
Ñ0G)®§acaC/)<¨ÒyLayBYc-¨bÅc0S9¦b-09bB¤C9ac§ba¯Ba
b-yc0)BcÓc£
B0¥Å"B¬¯"b¸0/)c£h-/0Gy-9--Be
"B23B/y)(¦byGB2/yE"c-¨©hÀ¹Ã009b E¤Gy
c£
B0c¥Åjac)BÁaybBÐ¤(Ã900bjÄG¦/B¤G¡Ec£Ð¡E-90Ge E·m½b¢00¡
ÄG¦0e(9b-ÅÔÖÕ0×B©
Øj0cGa·mÒ½¸¦/0cb-yy2(aG-ÿ/eB¡
"c-¨h0yÄG¦0emBam¦/-£jB0c¥nm--/y¦b/SGc-Ba(*SBa
-"-<ay@|Å0c¦a-900¢9©¬ª«a£Ð¦b/eBc¬c£
Ù-<ay¦aCc)c¡
-B/Ú--9yeyu£|y)<Ùc¦a-G/b¨2£"Ba -"--JBa
/)<¨Òy-¹§"B0/-
--y(ÅB/"ayÛjy¤9"£Ð0)Ba¹c§
/)<¨Òy-¹§9cacaS- BaÜ/**B/-/ÅBa ¦/Bb¦/"b¨©
½®eG90Å-90Gy2-9ay¯0@¨/"Ba-90GB¦b0
£|ch0G/2§//b"B,c¦ac0b-yy-Sa®G¦ch-y-B/
2c¦aBb¦/B¡|§b¦Ã00y¯-"--/yÅÔ ÝÞ×EÔ ßc×EjÔ à×BÔ áÞ×EÔ âc×EÔ ãÞ×EÔ ä×BÔ å×B©
æScb¤£bB/y-YcG-B/h0-my/§"£b0G®a
y-0-¡
b-B b9¤Åc¦ac0cb-ey*«a93Ba«§b¦b0-B/y-c£JBam-y-B
B0c¥Åm*§c¦bayÐ£cyÛG
GBacy§b¤ ec¨b¤L§b¦a<¨Òy0¢9©
²fbÅB/90ÅBcbÁ/ecb
Gc¦a((£"Yc-¨SµB/hcac¡
¤B(c£c-¦/hB0c¥ÅÅ--/y¦b/2c)c-Ba(y"hG-(£*B/e-
-B¦/y"b¤(¤(-m/0B9¦bc-<ay¦a(Gc-Ba©YçuB¡
B Yc-¨Å/)¹§e9S090-yScµ/¤è9/SBa-/0Gy-9--Be
c£YB/
-90GyÅÃ90yµ-(/G¦ac-y-Bca(ayB"-¨µc£
-90G00¹"a90mBa--/y¦b90mSBa¹aGBS£jBa-y-Bc\(¤
¦/-ÅÃ909bÅ--/e®¦b/ÙcG-B/hy©2½G/yÅ£Ð¦aB¦0(ayB"-¨b
øjóéJêcë ìþí|î-
ì|î0ï9í|ðBêë ì ì|ñòòGóyí|ô|î-õ
öy÷ ô|êî*øùyúû/óyñüýmþ¼üyÿ9î-ì|ô|ë ýÞï9ô|óyí Jï9í|õ
0¦b¨9¤C-S§aG()G9ay¦/ÅCBaB¤GSc£--ay®¦ba
Gc-Ba(y
¤Ge§b¤(B/maG®¦acY-"-<ayÐ0c¦a-900¢9/
)9/00c(b9£c*Bacac¤B
c£M-<ay¦aSc)c-Ba("
§3@¦/§µ-c"¿BabyBc ca2cac¤B£B¦a<2ayB¡
"-¨by© ¹¦§/)B(c§ -eyBG µBbmac9m-ÅbyG9B¦a-
)9/00cJ(b9--B¦a¤(BamYc0-B¡EyG-"§0/Gc£uaG®¡
¦acJ-y-B/*S ayBYc-¨Å£j--/y¦b90m"a90mBa-<ay¦00
µBa]ayE"c-¨\(¤Le ¤S §b0G)¸0/) £-<ay¦aSc¡
)c-Ba(y©*½G¦/-ÅÅcb0)G-3«J9ac§b¹¦a-my9¦)-Bcb
§¦abL2BaL0/¡E-c¡E9afb9¤£"/G¦ac
-y-B/hca
Ba¹§b¦Ã9Bèyy"/eye-
B¦bc0*Bay 3Sc-§bB0c0¤(ayB¡
"-¨3c£--/y¦b90y©
¹¦b(§aGBScbb0GG-¬y/B--(Cb9Ába2@)9a90c9G-
£
-<ay¦90yycy}z|/~cE"}z|m-90)90yc3B b¤¬ ¡
-90)90y©ª"a Bayc0¤S£* -90)90¹b0Ge Å(y/-Åb9¡
-9-§¹Ba""0-B¡EyG-§9/G"£¹§b0G)]0/)"c£--ay®¦ba
Gc-Ba( ÙÅB bL/S0yGb (a9©¶acÅ--/e®¦b¡
a(c)c-Ba³-m§9/(-
Bb"9G-yYcb¤n0eÄG¦0y3B/)
Ba
}c{E} ®0G-*c£-00GymÃ90y(§b¤
B/*--/y¦b9*-m§b¦/-¤
-y-BJG9yG00¤Lb-90cY--c0BaÅGB( £Ð0G³Ba§9¡
b/µc£YBa]§b¦/-¤S9-G¹eG-yÄG¦acY-(-m0y-90Ge
0)-G©jª"/"ac0)(y-9 fecy3B/m±}z|/~£Ba"--/e®¦b9©
!**B/h"c-¨¡Ey/-90Ga--/e®¦b90(¨/"2-Å¦/ya9¦a®
²µ9cay¬¶/ç·¹¦/0¦/9a+|3#Ø "mØY½¢9*º*0B¦/¼»<¨
½b»"¶j·
²µ9cb-ef¾*¦a¾*c§b/À9Áa9 ¾*¦a¾*c§byÛGb§b
Bb¹b0c00B¤/SecSBa909£c0m§
(b9ySG ¡B-00G90y©
ª"a §9aGc3c£*2 --ay®¦b9(
by-90 ay§b¤SB"
ac0)(y-90 ° Ba@±}z|/~ca2B/Ù}G±Ð%± $~9}z| &{B}z|y©µª"/(c¡
-9ay¤£c¿ ¡B-00G9(hB/Å"0-B¡BeG-Å0c¤2-y0§b¤Ba
Áb0-"/)<¨Òy"c£MB/m§b¦a-¤n9-£j(-y-BaB/)y/aG-ÿ
--G/S"a9Ba
-y-Bc( '
ÄG¦a9¦/
my aB¤)©ª"/G-9ay¤S£
Å/0B9¦(--ay®¦ba@Gc-Ba hc¤309acS-mb-9-¡
ac/0G(e-90y-
B0ca- -Bc20G-hcÙB/Åc¦a-G/b¨
/CBa@yG-e+0G-yÅ£(c-¦/S-e-Bcay*
© )cYyG9*Y
Ba BaG(BaS()ÛG]¦a 9a®¡E-c¡E9a¯b9¤¯eÛG9-9ayy¯§b¤
(aG-ÿmÙ(/yE"c-¨µ£-<ay¦00(ycS§(yc0¦)-y@£Ð0)
¤Ba )-9/0y(c£«B/(a®G¦/--/e®¦b90(2B/
/)B
£jBam-y-B/3B/B0c¥Å*/0G(y-00¹£jBam-y-BµB/)
)9/00G-y3B/maG-ÿy©Y½G/eB/()ÛG]¦a³b9¤n\ --ay®¡
¦b9/90eG-y"0yyB¤
b0c0Bc\-«-jG-0/y¤)B/*(b9
§b-/)"c¦aB/"BÁay/y
c£a¦/Ba]"¡|G-9ay¤(--ay®¦b90"-
)<byGÅ 9a®¡E-¡B0/b9¤y©3çuë«-)Â¦bb9(§¦ab
BaÅÄG¦/9¦aÅBèyÅca@§b¦0-Bay-(£"/G¦/G-y-B/()cb¤
bm"BbBam/eB"-ëc§c§a-cay@0yyB¤£¼0G³Ba
)-9/0yÅc£*Ba(--/y¦b90y©µ²@(-@Ba/ Ba )-9/e¤
ac0)(y-9y §"yG
¦a-y £|jcG0(--/e®¦b/hcG-B/
§b¤39-GaBamG-0/9ec£-y)90cM"9¡|¨/"µ--/y¦b90y©
¹¦bb0G)<, h9aBa"0-B¡BeG-§9aGc2£
--/e®¦b/,cG-B/h"B+0yByyS-¯0/¡E-c¡E9a-yB¡
BcC(09)-y¯-BaYc-¨¿c£]»Y-¦aè@ÔÕ×BÔÖÕ)Õ9×Eaca¯ÔÖÕÞÝÞ×E
ca@Øj09¨Ùca "mGG0Ô àc×EjÔÖÕeßc×E©»-¦aèLÔÕ ×BjÔÕGÕ0×cac¤èye
B/0/¡E-c¡E9ab9¤G/§¦bÃ90yÄG¦b0y(9b-y/Åb-9-/j/eB¡
"c-¨
§b¦0-Bay-*c£-e-Bca«3Åc-§bB0c0¤Å-ccG)¤ ayB"-¨
"/90*-¦0ey"c0"y¨b¤G¡|§¦a<¨Òy*ycbB0y©*²fbB/*c§b¡
-yyB)yÅc£
¦3cac¤BS0B Ba90Sc0SBb0yS( -c
®Ã909ayyL§yB"e92Bacbb0GG-ayÅ-c¨0 3¶0-y"Ba9)-
c£Y-<ay¦aµcG-B/h "-B¦ab¤Sc0
ycac§bÅc£0G/
§//b"BÙc¦ac0b-yy- /G¦ac*-e-Bcay©"ª"/009£|c0)/"
yc 0-Gµy-00 -BÙ9/¡E-c¡E9aC0c¤¿c¦ac0b-yyÅB/)
c0 ab99a0b(c£*Ba §0/Gcnc£YGBa9(-e-Bcay©3½®yecau
"(b¸aG
-B¦a¤@aG®¦ac
--/e®¦b90(-c)Bc¬/2G0¡
9¦a]¦bG-(Ba-y-Bb9¤G"Ù»-¦/è ' *"-¨§¦a¹a--y)
(b9Ba¹§9aGcc£JBa*<ac\c£J-<ay¦00¹3B/"aGB3c£
B/hycb/eyBc2)"acG©
ª"0j"
y-B()-(Ba G-9ay¤
/0G(e-90"£|c*Ba¹aG®¦"--ay®¦b90BcbB¤Ga-cänb-
Gyec¦bbSB/9Sb-0-/
-B-¦/yB¦b0G©³ª"¦aym¦\cb0)G-
G9a90|/0Gby]¦a-µBcb-99/¡E-c¡E9aS0c¤§c¦b/bm£|c
/G¦cY-y-Bcay©
!¹aGBa9Ù(0L£cµb9¤G¡B/¤<2§/)-ycÓC9)-c£
c¦ac0b-yy¡i0)--90)90S"G(b0y-9b-yCÓÔÖÕeàc×E©ª«aµ(c
0§e£
B3(0|¹a"yG0¹ÅBaG(LÅ9)-9¤Cyc¦b¡
e³«BB(9¡E--G
³§/)-y Gc-Ba( ¿B/C/¤BCc£
-<ay¦aCc)c-Ba(S§/)-yCc ®Ã909bSc0-b-yyB¦b0@
/)*-B0ccbB£c0"0u©Yª«a
h¡E9)-¹b0Gyh(c0maGB¦b0c
cb0)G-+£c3cac¤è9aCBaS"c0-B¡Ey)-¸§0/Gcµ£
B0c¥Å0¡
-<ay¦a2c)c-Ba(ya09a9b3c£*BaÅ-<ay¦00<b¡
-yyB¦b0G©¶/¤G "mce--cb0ye9bB¤0e-9b-yµLb9¤µcac¡
¤BSc£Å29)-@£ £c-¡EÄG¦/0¦/9a¬cG-B/h¸a9¦a®,½9£Ð¡
»<¨Òy+¶acµ·¹¦a9¦a9aÔÖÕÞáÞ×E© )m"y)9mBbScac¤Bµby
/)*cb¤S- ¦bb£|ccG-B/hm¨
º¹0B¦ac¼»<¨©
\Gb®B2-(Ba b9¤/¤Byj"m--B¦a¤3B/m£c-¡
/e-S<ac0)y-9--Byµc£n ¡E--/y¦b90y©Úª«aS£|c-ay-µcac¡
¤B")Å(GBG-e §b¤ "mcy-- ' S"c-¨¬Ô áÞ×E*"/90SÙ-9£Ð¡
ycb-/e@b0G)<S£|"£|-/y-"G*b9Áb/y©"ª"b*cb0)G-
§aG-y3c3yG
/-/ÅBa¹ac0(èyyS-90GyÃ90y3- b¤
B"*yayyB/BaG0ecbB¦ac¦aBÐ¤ §aG-¨G)Gyhc)9cb¡
-90c£JB(G©²@*"Jcac¤èyhcb¤("0¡iä"S--/y¦b/
c)c-Ba(m§9//S-(Ba
69)-¹¦aB/ÅBbmb0G)<J©
Æ9Æ0Ç *Ë mË
È JÊ ËÊ ½®-ay®¦ba@Gc-Ba(m£|¦/Bb¦/B¡|§b¦Ã90y-"--/y*/)
§y939)-BÁ/eL§aG-yÅc3E"m9--0- "Yc-¨¡Eyca-90GBS/
b-9-ac
c0-b-yyB¦b0G
© 9B/0£
B/e-S9G-BÁayGBb0c¡
Ge]¦a"BÅy)((cµ£Ð0)(y"-¨µB/)«Ycyc¦ac¡
Bc2£"Ba9
09GB)(9-£|0(cay(@0ec/yE"c-¨by©hÐBb
-yyBY"®-0¦/-"Ba"Bb0y" 0-cb")-B-§¦a-y"£-<ay¦¡
/ÅGc-Ba(B/)¹0(G- c0-b¹µBa9cbeGBc
+0ecayB"-¨by©³ª"/e-@0¯Ð¼¢Lb9¤ §9/GLÐ¼¢L£c-¡
/e-y/¿Ð¼¢] by(9b-)Bc¬y) eÛGB¤G©µ²µL"|YB/900¡
£|c0)eG ac0
-<ay¦00ccaBay-Bb0y(9aBcay©
v " &G-z $G Y &y±} !b}{B}azi0yx
ª"/*c)c-Ba³]¦a-b0G9a¡B-¡E9/Åb9¤(c¦ac0b-yy
£|c/G¦/m-e-Bcay"Bac¦a-yG900¤¦a0-¡i¦aBèySBa
/eB"-¨(0y-c¦b0yyy©YÐÅc0b9*-mb0Gby-90 b-B
9¤
§c¦baubayyy--0¤(-]§c¦b/ÅBa¹§b¦0-Bay-*c£MB/*-y-B
G
B/(b¦a(£*B/(ayBYc-¨©3ª«aÅ(G-
y)((c cb0)G-
£|cÅ§¦a/¿B/§b¦0-Bay-S£b¦/3B0c¥Å(§b¤¿B/a
Bb0c¦acÙ y¨b¤§¦a<¨Òyy©*½y)90cjb0yGc¦a-B¦a®ymaG¦/-e
Bb*B0c¥Å*(b9Ô à×BbÔÕc×E/ÔÕGÕ0×B/ÔÕyß×B©M²@*¦/-B/*-GhmB0c¥n
(b9bÅc¦bY9-)Bca"c£0/¡E-c¡E9a(-y-Bc3b9¤/hGB¡
B¦a("BaGjBa"B0c¥n"c£a-y-Bc "aj-hGBay(Bb0c¦acÅ*yc¨b¤
§b¦/-ë "Bac0)(y-90Å$ #&%')(*%|¢9"a90+ #&%
B/Å()ÛG]¦a
§b¦0-Bay-ca, (*%uYB/c)90G)c--c0)-G©Y30-G/ÅBa
9a¡B-¡E9/h9¤ §c¦b/ £c¹ac0B0¦m-e-BcJ®a"y)9GY
bm/)hc¨*b¤ )-B¦/ aBca*c§¦/YB/*B0c¥n«£¼0GBa"0y-
£B/-y-B/Bac-aÅB/
-Ghm¨b£jBa]ayBYc-¨©
ÐSGbBcÙ-( b è9SBa9a®¡E-c¡E9aSb9¤Lµ ayB¡
"-¨¿c£
-90)90y*B/µb9¤f§9aGcµ£
c¯by
cG-B/
a9¦ay
Bam£|c"/3G-B-§b¦/-e Õ)©Ð/-0/BBGE¤f-ÅB0¥Å]aG--0-/£")B/9
-e-Bca ib9¡
c¤)Ba+9a¡B-¡E9/³b9¤³c¦ac0b-yy¯£|C-e-Bc
Bac¦b¯/)(09a¯c¿Ba(§9acGS£m)B/0Å-y-Bcay©
ª"mÅ(eGB¦b0(c£YB/y)9"£j-c)Bc20Gby@§b¤
Ba-<ay¦9
-
/G®¦cY-y-Bcay©
Ý©mÀ9¤@§¦a
BaGc0(a09a9bhc£*Ba ¦a]§0(£
-y-B/Bac-aBac¦a-G/Å¨
ßb© !*§E¤-
ycbB0JB/9¤(§¦a£
-y-B§b¤Åycb¡
B0caScb¤L-*§//b"Bµ0y-90)Bc- G-B/)BaBb0yG-B-§b¦/-yj009G-eu©²µ"bBacµG-9
BaGÅBa@"0-B¡EyG-Sb9¤f§0/Gcµ£
-y-B¬yc¬Ã9
0yGB¤(SE"
®Ã009bm--/e®¦b90m"BÅb9bBycj§acab«bB
0y-00c)Bcay©
./*
} 0Ð{0/yx9x
½GcbÁ/ecb"-909aca9y(¤myÛG-hBa-90Ge0Gby
-SÃ909bh-y-Bca(G9
BaÅB/0 -00 G(/S--ay®¦ba
Gc-Ba(y©3½G(h-<ay¦90
(¤9acèe-y-B/£|c-9-¡
Gy0yy9)y hyÛyy-Jc£aB/9j0e-90GBcaG(ec-9YB(G©
ª"¦ay(§aG-¨GG)y2-y-BcÙ(¤§
--c0)y¸¦bbBYGBa90m09¡
y0GmÅyÄG¦bc9bG(¦bc£ac0(èyy-00GyGeG/(-
Bac0B¡E-90¦b£|-/e-y©ª"a909£|0GE"m--/e®¦b/hcG-B/h
y/§Å£b0G®a@Ba(-)( b9¤µc¦ac0cb-e(-ÅL-e-Bc
(¤ÅyÛGb§)-B¤S®Ã009b¹£|-/e-¹§9aGc0y©
²2(Ba90m"a(yGh(c\Gyy0/-y3(yBa£|c«y-B(GB¡
aSB/
£|c-ay-
c£Y--/y¦b/G-B/J]y)-¤S-b9¡
Áb/Å£|c-ay- ¿£c0(mhcb/9©¸2)9/00c|"YLYc¦b
¨Ò(B/
-¤--y³-ÅcYc¤-90G
yayyB/mb0c0Bcac*-
Ba9m0e-90GBcacaS-B-§¦a-ÅB/m¦b¦/-e§//b"B0£|
§0af§b¤S®S-e-BcaLeÄG¦/¤f)(caSBaGeBGÅcayy©Ù
)BcJ-y-Bca Bac¦b@aGm§9acèey£|cyÛyy-m§aca®¡
"bBBay¤0yy0Gy"bÅGBa9-y-B/
"90G©(¶/«¡
a "mce--cb ' 3"c-¨¬Ô áÞ×EYLb9Áb/µBaL£|-/y-(ac0)(y-9
£
-<ay¦aCc)c-Ba%GÅB/ShGÛG¦/pÃ900/yµ§9¡
E"y9¬Ba¸ac0hcèyy-90Ge@0yy9)yC§b¤CB"§aG-¨GG)y
yayyB/)9*c3b-90cJS"-§GBS0ycbB¦ac¦aB¤
§aG-¨G)Gy©
123)465±7
4
cazi}8z 0$9
1$*4:5±) ;*0Ðz|
¶ac¤GJ--/y¦b90®Ã90yGB¤ÅSBa9m by(0b-GBc
y) byÛGB¤G©Yª"/-<ay¦a
cG-B/(¤*/ye -"§j b9¡
(0b-y((/0Yc0¹3mbcb¡EByyÅ/yE"c-¨©ÂÅ)BcJ
eB0c§bm-¹aG"Ba"B(0¡BeG byÛGB¤Å£B/YcG-B//)
b99a(
B/j¦/§9£/)yBGYycb/eyBcaÂhBa--/e®¦b9©
Ð£ < ÅBa()ÛG]¦a ¦/§93£mecb/yeBcaBaGÅ(¤
Bac02c,c¦aBb¦/S¨ÅBa@ by(0b-GBcc£Å¿-<ay¦0
§/)-y((Ba-0-y¡ib-c-E¤Åc0--yeB¦0"bGGyYB0yY(c
--9a«£c*0ey-B/3yG-µy9YÔÖÕeâc$× ÕG©»"c9¦bGBc£B/SBhy--G - ª"aØ "mØ"½¯--ay®¦b9
/)Babcay-"y) eÛGB¤(ÅBbÂ0yByy«Bnm"0-B¡
yG-*0ye-B/3c)9-ayG3c£ $ <
¢Â0"/)<¨Òy*B0ca- B¡
Bc2Ô àc×E©
Ý®©a-90BS
-c0-enb-c-E¤(- "ª"/*Á0-Yy9Jc£Jy)<
-y-Bc( ' ÄG¦/0¦/¦/-"§--c0yÅS(-0-yLb-c-E¤L-y©
²fa9Åy0c--Gemb-cµe /E¤ÄG¦a9¦aGu-*/-00Bc
b-LBamb-c-B¤-*0yÄG¦b0y Ð) <
¢--9ay©
ß©½9yyB2c£Bay9M«BµBa
¦a B(y--) S£|c
B0ca- -Bc- ¬½G/y2Ba@e9Sc0µ--c0yC¬2-c0-y¡
--B¤
-B-¦/yB¦b0G)B/y9b"BhB/jbcay-Âb-c-E¤(¤
§m0yB-y)y¸
ÐG <¢"B(G©
ª"/*G-*B"
c90GB/c0¹b9bByj£|c«cb¤(-0-y®¡|b-c-E¤
c0--eyB¦0)©
¶0Gh9¡|§/)-ySc)c-Ba( B¦a-µG*²@0cb-yµ¾*c¦b/µ¾*c§b
caÅÀm9Áa9*¾*c¦b/3¾¹§\ycÅ§* by(9b-y
-Õ¢jB(G
"B/¦/(b¤B(y--) Cec9¦bGB/y
© ¹b£|c0B¦baG-9¤GYB/e-
c)c-Ba( ¤G00c¤§c¦b/bB/)(¤0c¬/y-¤@"B
B/¦a]§0(£"-y-B/
Bac-aSB/
c¦a-G/b¨©(ª"¦ayu
0)yByGMB/(--ay®¦bac)c-Ba ¦a-B0GbLÃ2Ba(yG
¡
eÛGB¤£" by(9b-)BcC"BÙB/hGBa9(byB0§Å09-¡
Bym£b9¤/§¦abySB/0B¡E-906¦bb£|c-ay-y©
Æ9Æ0Æ0Ç
Ê Ê \B*-yyBµ"¹bB0¦ayÅ h¡E-90)90*cab9-G
-Gh
ÿ¤S0yB¦b- 2Ba9(b9¤@§0/Gc©\ª«b
(0""*c
¦/h-@b9-G3e-90 b-B@§c¦baÅc¿9a¡B-¡E9/¿0c¤(
cÙc-§bB0c0¤µ-cG)¤@/eB"-¨©(Ð)BcJj"a9¦a
0ÁaB/mayye--c0¤Lb0c90Bym£j(--ay®¦bac)c-Ba -
¦/Bèe(B/mayE"c-¨30y-c¦b0yy*9¥Å09bB¤G©
²@G-B¦a(/)<¨Òy*-«--3"/90
-y"£ <+ecb/yeBca
B/0ÅSyG(hc2¦/Bb¦/
¨©µª"/h-90(3~ $/a9~8z 0$ $
caxyyx0x 0 $ "j§¦/-yS-¤Gacb¤hc¦aB¤G©
²@
0/)-("B (*%
B/m0)-cy)-yµ-(ycbayyBc "B©
²@G-B¦a(mBaGYB/-90G90*0¹acb¡B0¦/B¡EBb0c¦acSbyGyey©
çy %B 'E¢b9/)-mBac--c*£Ð0G-y-B "®¦b-aLBa¹b¡
-90c 'Ð×"/
%B 'B¢mBa(G(¦b
c£«-90GyL0ey9Ge@§b¤
-y-Bc "u¦-aÅB/*-)(¹b-90|©*3-¤--y§/)-yÅBa
Ü¦bh9| % 'E¢MY ybB¦/¦/*£Ð¦b/yBS£ <© )m"y)9
Ba aG-ÿB¡|§b¤G¡|aG-ÿ
(b9|j"
G-B¦a(ÅB/) % 'B¢«b¡
90y)-y*cb¤"/0SBamG-"§*£]aG-ÿ"*0yy9)y§b¤(Ba
-90G07 /ÿ"-G %B *'B¢ma90yG-e@¤3«a9µBa])-¹§b
c£BaLaG-ÿ -90GyÅyGyÅBa-90)9©ª"¦ayBaLÜb¦b
(b9(¤2§SGy"yC)ÅBy9
yG-µc£
BaaG-ÿB¡|§b¤G¡
/)<¨Òymh9M"BbÁb-yB(Ö¼¤@-hcaG-ë-y©
"&
0¼z 0 $ !"!$#%!$&('*),+.-/!(#10.'*24365%73(GÛG(b¡
-90cMc£B(¦-a"b<µBa-90)9*¹ayG9*G©
À¹¦b-/3(-¤--y §b¦/-¤9-SB/-00G9mcYc¤B0ca- B¡
B/(aG-ÿ-y©
"&
0¼z 0 $9 8*!:+/;=<?>A@B5DCECE'7F0G'*24365A7IHJ5A2K!('!(!4365AL "]
cb¤0-c£*Bh(®¦b-aS«b-@aG-ÿ-m§9caca-ÅB/)
-y-BcÙc0ecbB¦ac¦aB¤@ÄG¦a9¦ayµB/-¤--e©
çy M % E¢M000y-0b"B/G(¦bYc£J-y-Bc "B0c¥Å*ÄG¦a9¦ayL
B/-00G9G*B(N <bBaG"y
M % B.¢ O1 % 8 'E/¢ PQ % 8 'B¢ R
!yayyB@"§aG-¨GG)yµG*B(N
Â£ M % BT¢ S ©
Ai
ρi
ρi
t1
t2
t3
t4
UAVXWY4Z[Y]\_^`bacbd(e4fXgEhjik$li_mnoe4^pqhjirolbisne4cbaA`t/upV vEacbaô`wxgbyz=acbVXupgY
_Y
&0Ðz80$ {* !|!('!$!4365AL "}+.-/!$#~0.'*2[365A+
7 ShGÛG(
b-90*c£B(S k ' m ×YB¦/-2BaG£|c
b¤@B(C
k ' m ×$'
aG-ÿ-*£-e-Bc "--G"BÅ0G-c0y)-9*Bac3c*eÄG¦/-
( % /
% 'E¢ ( % %P¢R
! -e-Bc¬§¦a-¤f0- 3B/µ(GÛGhcb-90c
£
B(
¦-a"b<2£B/3-y-Bc¿"00L-00Gyy¯"B2eÛGyB¤2Ba
¦/0cb-yy0G-)cJ"c¦b]§Â0yhchycbB¦ac¦aB¤ §aG-¨GG)y
|¶¦0
Õ¢9©jæ¦bB
-y-B¡ "u§b¦/-¤ 9-*(¤
cby*®¦b-¡
aÅ(-¤--y³§¦a-¤(9-©
ª"aL-e-Bc2§¦a-¤S9-(b9Áay¤µ¯-00(c£Ba
--c*£Ð¦ayB¯/ÙB/ÅceG-y20G-G©µ|m 0-cb(-
0yèyBa§/)B@-BayBc¬§yE"y9 -y-Bc¬§aG-¨GG)y
0-ScaL
-y-B§b¦/-¤(9-©"ª"a"G--9*"b9Áb/y3"B
0yByyj-m"b¤G)B/eByc-¤--e"/90Y«§aG-¨G)GyÅyay9¡
B "-90Gyy)y/--bm0G-+ ( % J"ÅBa £|c0h9m
§aG-y3c\B/)yB¦/J-¤--y³"/90B/ma--cb-/ec¦a-90Gy
0)-c-y3Gyec0/2-µB/Å¦/§93c£GyB)@ecb/yeBca
/ÅBa9*-90Gy*0G-yy©Mª«¦aym§b¦/-¤
9-hc¤
yb-cÅ¡
-90"®¦b-a("-3B/GyB¦ac/§aG-¨Ghc£J-y-Bc "uB0¥Å"
Ba -¤--e mèy90 By9¦b0m"a9µB/-e-Bcµ0yy9)ym
a--cb-/y¦/h-90Gy 0)- £(c0
B/ (*%j¦-aSB/§b¦/-¤
0-u©
G-(BaGyJ"/9ÙBa(-G(ÅB0¥Å(-B-§¦aBc¿cby
-µB"SÃ900bL--ay®¦b90Å"B29bBecm0e-90GBcay*Ba
0yB¦bBaf§aG-¨GG)y+0-Sy¯§SÄG¦b-µ®Ã009by©ª"
(ÿ((¥Å9¦b-S¦a-SB/3-y-Bcb¡|§/)<¨)GyC9-¯£|
/¤è9/S
§0)Gµ9G-c£--/y¦b90y©mª"a-y-Bcµ§b¦/-¤Å9¡
-bc3B/*)B/9Y//b99/b"¤ÅcnB/*c--uaG--0-
£mBaÅ-y-Bc ca-(cy)-yf0)-Gca2yc2Ba909£c0L§
¦a-y)mcµbc-b 2Ba /¤BL£"Ã900b --/e®¦b90y©
ª"b«*Bam£Ð¦b/bG(0b-c0eG-c\"b¤(B/m£c"/Åb9ÁbBc
£3 h¡E-90)9"j§/)-yÅc3Ba¹-00Gy¹0ye9GyÅ§b¤ -e-Bc
G0(§¦a-¤9-©
½G/e("c0b-90y--e¸ÙÅ"c0-B¡Ey)-
/¤B(c£YB/
-¤--yJBa(-y-Bcµ§b¦/-¤S9-S0Gby ¦a
(ecbG09bhycam- §c¦b/SBa0c¤3"BÙB/-¤--e©
²µec
/b9Áb/"BaG9a90ca9)-jc£J}z|ca~cBY}z|E Å¢
-90)90y© !2-90G9ÅBb0G-j-/0Gy-0-èyy(§b¤ E""/0G ¡
y-00 ±}zi/~ % ca2}G±Ð%± $~0}zi &({E}zi ( % ©mçJy¹¦am)-B¦/h(B/)
Ba )BÅ§¦a-¤(9-S£-e-Bc "--c0-YG"B(] ©²µmb9aG-
§b¤ %B 'E¢ÂBam-)-cJ-90Gymb0GeS- Ba¹aG-ÿ-*£jBa
-y-B2BaGm--GyÙc£|-9B(9 ca¸¦bbB"Bh §b¤-00G9
*2© m)By*B/)jB/Y-G-ca-90Gy*Ã90y(--y-Bc "anBj¡
-90 *'×(¤(GyB¦ac¤Å§mhc0mBac
%B 'B¢Bay-Gh
Offered
Service
A( τ, t )
W( τ, t )
ρ
τ
θ
Time
UAVXW Y YâezfXa.u`
aTw*a
e$doVXu4cAue[^ g
apxfXacY
/)<¨Òy-£Ð0G b0yG¦/ §b¦a-¤¸0-uYB/)c0Å-B*ÄG¦a9¦/e
µB/-¤--e/(¤(§-90Gey@)*"9|©
"&
0¼z 0 $A! -00G9 ¯§0caG2B/
9)-( 6£*/
cb¤££ccB(e c£|-0mBh LBaGB/ )B§b¦/-¤0-
--c0-yhcan¦bbBJB/"aG-ÿ-BaGc--Ge¦-a Bb0-
c0-90Geyu
%6 'E
¢ ¯()Û/8 ')( % /P P % ¢-¢ R
% Ba b¦/ acb¡iay)GBG(¦a]§9
B/)-GBBÁayBa
c§)]ayÄG¦acB¤)©
ª"/39ÁbbBc¬c£ -90G00 bGGy3cb¤fBaE"ac¡
0G(e-90yc)-9ay¤(ca0G-G©jª"a-cbB¡|aca(Bb¹£Ba"c§)
yÄG¦aGBc\0Áay*c39b)9c-§¦aBa* ¦a³-90Gy
cÃ00y2-S-y-Bc "¹¦-a§b¦/-¤@9-+|¶¦0µÝ)¢9©µi
yG-¤Ù-Sc§a-90G3B/) Ba(G-9ay¤ % 09b0y-9b-hB/Å"0-B¡
yG-*b9¤ -e9(§b¤
B/Áb0-j/)<¨Òy£¹§b¦a-¤]0-L£-y-B
"B2
© m)By"BaGjBa0y-B-yB( )-y(jB/)jB/"-00Gyb0c¡
Ge-3-y-Bc£¼0G Ba §ybac£-]§b¦a-¤¸0-@
"9-¡|§c¦bay©ª"¦ay/£|cÅ-<ay¦aµcG-B/;-n§9ca
- Bbm0G-y¹¤Å0yÄG¦b0ySB/)*B/h}c{E} ®0)-c£j-0-¡
GyÃ90yµ§b¤@BaÅ-<ay¦93-3§¦a-¤-y-BG9hy)90¤
b-90cM--c0BaL)"B( % £Ð0GÓB/m§ecba£jBam§¦a-¤
9-j )myG-
yÄG¦acY-L-0y-90Ge@0G-G©Åª"bm ¦a<
y-L0e-B-yBGBac "mØY½¯¦BbyÛGb "a90µB/ 0Ðbxyz|}
z|}/ $*!x"§aca"bBÃ90y¿-@µ-y-BcC
§c¦b/by©¬ª«aG
yB/ÅcY9 §c¦b/¿c¿B/Å-90GeL0G-3c£ "mØY½]¦bBbyÛG¡
/(acb¹£|cb¤(b-90c* *'×JBaG*(-y-BS¹§aG-¨GG)y
"/90eGC ¡E-90G90
Ban0e-B-yBc¿/(¤µ£|c
b-9-¡
c"--0B/)Ba"§ycbb/(£JB/"§b¦/-¤9-©"ª"a909£|0G
"mØ"½Å]¦bBbyÛGÖam¤3ca hy]§9c£Ba
³9G-y©
ª"/ )-9ay¤¸ac0)(y-9hb99a
c B/(--ay®¦bac)c¡
-B/³¦a-y)¹Y9j)¹BaceG-yS0G-/3B0c¥Åmac0)(9¡
-90"£jBam-y-BS§9aL/¤èyy©"¶/* ac0B9¦bc-<ay¦¡
/µc)c-Ba*-y)90c*ac0Ghy-90(B¦a<¿)]-(B0/-
-Bc
0G-3cCBa¦/-)cafb¨"¦/§93£-y-B/3B/-/2Ba
¨/SBa9cy)-y¸0)-yy/hc¤(bÜ¦a9ay(BamG-9ay¤G©
Å¦b9ÁbBµc£M -00G90yb"*()*/
G-B¦a aBca
c3"/eB/9«B/-90G9Y«§aG-eLSmÜb¦Sh9J"/)<¨ÒyB¡
§b¤G¡|/)<¨Òy(b9|©Óª"/S¤¯0yÄG¦b0y(0bSB/)" G-G
/"eG9b¹BaGY /)<¨Òy""/)¹ecaB90eSG*0/0B/ÅBa
-90G0m¦bbBj-mG-¹§b¹aGb9ac0-y©ª«a909£c0Gb/)<¨Òy0¡
/0B¦0ej]¦a-§ycaB00yÅG b¦-ey©ª"bjG-B¦a aBcÅ
/eye-m§¦aSB/*--c¹b-(Ba¹ayÛ"-"--ÅS-/
c£-<ay¦90y©¿²µ"*0y(GSBb(G-B¦a aBcC)-9Å£Ð0G
B/*G-*-90)9*c£M<acµ-mb0G

BcbB¤Bb-9*§c¦ba
cµBa(9a®¡E-¡B0/µ-y-BcÙb9¤¸Ù(/yE"c-¨\c£Y-<ay¦00y©
Å*Ü¦bÅ-¤--yb"0eÄG¦0B/)-<ay¦00"c00G-mÅ
Ü¦b §aGBj/
B/()ÛG]¦a/)<¨ÒyBèyY-«§Ább-yB(c¼¤
-(c|©
²µ"ac¬b9-G
0c¤Å§c¦bam£| 6--/e®¦b90y©*²µ
"Áb0-*ycaBb9Bam§9aGc£ -e-BcSShB/]a)
/¬B¦§a-yÄG¦a9bB¤¬yÛ-9a+Ba@/¤B@-ayBYc-¨b£Å -90)90y©*ÐÅ§GB\yG-yya""j)-B¦/(BaG*Bamb¦amB0c¥n
£B/-y-BYcac¤èy "y¨b¤G¡|§¦a<¨Òy
-(GBayScaSBa
yG-y20G-(()myG-(eÄG¦/*-SB/ÅG00GG3c--cY0G-G©
ª"aG¹y6£ "ÂmBa -e-Bc¦b/b9
§/-90)BcJ-m--c )
Ba¹b¦a"£Ba¹ayE"c-¨h®¦b-a(B/*b-90c '×a-GBB£|¤ÅBa
ayÄG¦acB¤
% *'B¢ #&% (*%B %P b¢ '
|ßb©ÖÕÞ¢
"a90 # %«/ (*%9aG-
-m§¦b0-B/e- /µG90)G 0)-G/09¡
BeyBG9¤)*
© )cYyG9"3(c¨Ò¸a2G-B¦a /B/S§c¦aSBa
b¦aB0c¥nc£j)B/0-y-B/y©
v mv/}G±x 0Öx $} 0Ð G±* {9{
!-B¦/(h-y"c£ <-y-B/B/-/3B/-)(c¦aBb¦/"b¨
£cµ ³-90G9©
ª"aÂ£|«aBayc0y¬§c¦b/bjBa"ÄG¦/0¦/9ab9¤j«Bb
Ba-90G0/G"9JGB/m§b¦bÃ9m0eÄG¦0yh9b-y/£|c-y-B "B©
/ ${B7 4 £ 2c h¡E-90)93B/9B/¯£c"/
§¦ab]¦a-"/ Õ)©Ð£ M % B¢*Ba]§aG-¨GÅc£-e-Bc "jG*B(N <bB/0
M % B¢! # % ( % % R
|ßb©Ý)¢
Ý©Ð£#" % Ba
9¤µc£Ycb¤Å/)<¨Òyc£Y-y-Bc
"Â-00G9
$
|ßb© ßÒ¢
" % #( %% % R
ßb©mª"am¦/Bb¦/YB0c¥Å*y£|0("-Ba¹y¨b¤(§¦a<¨Òy"(b9
"BS/0G(e-90$ # % % ( % ' ( % ¢9©
!C0£j£|cBac§)B/y0yÚyc3§m£|c¦baL2ÔÕãÞ×E2© c¡
BySBaG(§)BCBa¦/Bb¦/Å§¦b0-Bay-£BaSB0c¥Å3GÅ"9
)(B/Åb9¤@§¦a¯b99a¯-B0/¤c¿Ba(G-9ay¤2c£Ba
-90)9© !m(YSB/³CBa/yÛÅ-yeBcJmBbb99ab9/e¤
§eyG(em-B0caG0mS
/yE"c-¨\c£Â ¡E-90G00y©
.v]a}G±cx 0Öx $}&%z ${
' $ ({0c{-x
ª"aL¤0y-B-eBcaBaG("( G-L B/(ayBYc-¨
BaG3cBaµ-90G90(§0ca¯-Ba 9G-3caCB/)Ba
B0¥Åm£j-y-B "u¦b/b9c§a-90GBS¹Bacy)"B/-c¦b0y
"B2Åyc¨b¤S§¦a-ÿÅ$ #&%')(*%|¢9©(²µÅ«Yc-S)-B¦/hLBaG
Ba
§aca"bB+0e-90GBc,c£
BaS-y-B¬GÅyG00¤faC-
aGBS*G"y)- ( % ©
²µmÁ0-*0)B/m£|«aLe(( 7 44 } mª"/µB0c¥n¸b0yy-µc£|-0SBa*)bB+ab@
-/£ 6-00G90*m y¨b¤L§b¦/-ë¹b0yy-m"B3/0G(9¡
-90
,
#&%+
(*% - %0 213 '*ca (*%'
/. k
"a90 %0 413 B/m)-9/e¤Sc£Baq GB\-<ay¦0
cµBam/)B
£B/-y-B©
²µc0y)¤Å0)yLµª"ayc0y Õ)bB/)¹Bam¦/Bb¦amB0c¥n
£m¿ -00G9hycb£|0((-Ba(yc¨b¤µ§¦a<¨Òy
(0*"B
ac0)(y-90($ # % ( % % ')( % ¢9©Ñ¦aB(ecaB/)B/b¦a
B0¥Å 2Ba(/yÛmabLecb£|c0(
-BaÅ-G(h(0|©ª"a
b0c£Yc£MB/myh((m-B0cbB£|c0Yc0ÔÕãÞ×E©
ª"mS c0-b]0eB¦BaGc*m¦a-(§c¦b/µBa
§¦b0-Bay-(c£«-y-Bcb¡ "mB0c¥Å()yG-b] B/(ayB"-¨©
m)BymBaGB/"a90y)-mL§b¦b0-B/y-*BaG-y-Bc\(¤ -e
SBa¹ayBYc-¨(b0cc0Bcac-
BamB¦a c£MB/*G-9a9yc£
B/
-90)90¹maGB0c)90-y©ª"/009£|c0)/y)9Å-y-B"B
/Å§¦b0-Bay-(G
Ba b¦a £*B/
/yE"c-¨Ù(¤SGe9¦/¦bG-
BÁaybmGhc¦bb"c£J§¦b0-B/e-«\B/"ayBYc-¨(§eyc¦a-c£
B/m)-9ay¤£B/-90)90y©
mBa@ª"ayc0e ÕÅ/2çJy((2Õ(]hyG-¤-b0GÅBa
£|c"aLy(hLBaG"j§c¦b/SBa§/)<¨)c£-e-Bc "M
yG-ab £B/mayBYc-¨µÔÖÕÞãÞ×E©
7 44
} 8*ª«a()ÛG]¦ap§/)<¨) M %0 43 E¢LB/ )B
/b
c£(-y-BS¹§¦abySG
,
M %0 43 B¢! #&% - %0 413 R
. k
ªjb9-GÅBb-9(§¦a
£|c
-y-B¿9¤@ LayB"-¨
c£Y -90)90y/"mÁb0-mBaBaG*B/
()ÛG]¦a 9a®¡E-¡B0/
0c¤
mayE"c-¨hc£JBY h¡E-90)90j-0-yB/*-Gh¹)
B/)mÅBac3 -90G0
«aG-
G-9ay¤Ba(B¦/Úc£YBa
G-9a9y*£Ba*B"-00G90j09bGyey©"ª"0yB¦Yc*"c
c-§bB0c0¤S¦/§9
£* -90)90mÙB//)B£"Å-y-B2-
§(b9yS§b¤ÅyG§baSB/9/G¦/"G-9a9yy©
!¹ac¤è9aBYm +-90)90h-9-ybB0¦/ye"*®¥Å0¦E&¤ £*Ba(Á0-
-90)9 aGacb¡Bèe90¸)-9ay¤GB/(§b¦/-¤µ9-2c£
-y-B+¬BaS-yy/C-90)9Shc¤aGÅy/9b2"BCBa
yc-0eBca®a¯§b¦/-¤29-C¬B/Áb0-Å-90G9©,ª"/)ny
/)<¨ÒyÅB/)Å--c0-y¿@§¦a-¤f9-¯CBaÁ0-Å-90)93(¤
/)Å--c0Å¸§b¦a-¤f9-¯ B/S-eycau*§b¦/(a--yGC b
c--)¹"b*¹§b¦/-¤m0-nh0)c0y-j)jB/"-eyca(-90)9©
!¹-bBay3B/ÅGeB¦/*-90GyÅ0G-(-y0f§b¤µ-y-B ""2Ba
Á0-Å-90)9SecC§S(0@Bac ( % *fBacµ§¦a-¤f0-
B/(Áb0- -00G9Åhc¤S0yB¦b ¿]¦bBb§¦a-¤@9-b(2Ba
-yy/µ-90G0©mª"bm¹¦a-B0G-yÙ¶c¦b0(ß©²@
"-c¨Ò
B/e-¹0Ãyy-b-
Geyc¦bb3c¦b"/¤Bm£mayE"c-¨hc£M -90G00y©
ÙB/(£|«aY"(""¦a-ÅB/Å-90 acz ${ 'Sw !xe 5ay
{ 0 $&Å-µ(yc¿S§¦a-¤9-C£Ba-y-B¯§9a2cac¤èye
2BanÁb0-
-90G9
-/)B©\½Ò
c-¤G*"a9Y 09£|9h-
xy{07 0Ð~9 $m{B &
wc
z /m/z ${ '¹--y-B "u¦-aÅcÅb-90c
c£JB(Gb"*(ecÅBam)(c¦bb"c£J-y-B¡ "jB0c¥Å*B0/- --e
§b¤ Ba"G-"-00G9Yc3Ba«aGBn®¦b-/hB/"b-90c¦b/b9Yycb¡
B00GBcJ©S²µÅ«¦a-} %6 *'B¢m-39aG-ÅBaÅG(¦b
c£
-90GycÃ90en§b¤
Ba«ayE"c-¨Å--y-Bc "u¦-a((b-90c
'Ð×"Bµ-q
)B@ayBYc-¨§b¦a-¤9-© !¹-bY«¦a-
%6k k ' k ¢m-S0/)-LBa()(c¦bb £*-90Gy3cÃ00y@§b¤SBa
Á0-
-90)9(¦b-m /µc2b-90c k ' k ¢]"Bb2-]y*§¦a-¤
9-jca %6 m ' m ¢¹Ba(-G(ac0Ghy-9£|Ba(-yy/
-90G0m¦b-/3cb-00c* m ' m ¢""Bµ-"§¦a-¤L0-u©
²@SÁb0-Lb0c)Ba¸£|«a¯y(hf-§¦aBa@-0-¡
Gymb0cGbyÅ§b¤LBa"/eB"-¨Å-
-y-BS¦-aÅcÅb-90c
"Bµ ayE"c-¨3§¦a-¤L0-u©
7 44
} {*»«/Bb9mayB"-¨Åc£JE"
¡E-90)90#$ k /
$ m \-9-yy"BSG-9a9y %0 3 ca %0 3 0yByyBG0¤G©£
( % jBa0G-cy)-yÅ-*-y-Bc "(BaayB"-¨GBa-90Gy
cÃ00y¯§b¤Ba/yE"c-¨¿-BaLaG-ë-c£B/} )B2ayB"-¨
§¦a-¤S9-¯£*BaG
-y-Bc¿¦-a@b-90c 'Ð×""Bb
Busy period on node 1
Busy periods on node 2
1
W i (t)
A i (t)
α
1
s1
1
θi
f1
s2
β1
f2
s3
f3
UAVXWY
Y \fXfXxgb`bce4`bVXu4û4wxgbyz*acbVXuopgueNgbagbgbVXu4^ VX^}`tugacd4acg
VX^gbacbVXagY aqâ`t/u4cwxgy z*acbVXuop ju[cgbagbgVXu4^.VX^`
VXg e[ga
VXggzfXVX`.VXô`bu qxfX`VXzfXawxgy z*acVXuopgVX^`
a gba u[^pgacd4acY a
wxgbyz=acbVXupVX^ `
a
*cgb`*gbacbd4ac*VXg/hklEkbnY
aze 4a`bge4cbcVXdoVX^W
e[`D` a/ga u4^p gbacbd4ac jcbu `
VXgEwxgyTz=acbVXupju[c qxfX`bVXzfXaDwxgby
z=acbVXupg%h k(l [kbnlh mol mnlh rol rk nVX^ ` agba u4^p gbacbd4acY a.fXVXâ
t.VX` qgfXu4z=a % ` e[Àg`be4cb`gEe4` % w*u4x^pg=e4fXf` agba.wxgbyz=acbVXupgY
Bam§¦a-¤L9-¸"§¦aby@)
%B 'BT
¢ 2(GÛ 7')( % /PQ 2
P %0 ! 3 %0 3 ¢-¢"R
ª"a«b0c£J) --y3®¦a*-mG-¨Åc£JBaGyG©ª"a«b-00y--y
0y)0m¹00£|9-0yS-ÔÕãy×£|(0e-cy©çy(hLßhG--90-
BaG*Bam-90Gy
cÃ90y-
(-y-BSS/eB"-¨£jE"( -90)90"µ-9-y""/
y-¹\B/"0-"y)-B/SBa-90Gy
Ã90y-3B/Å-y-B2§b¤SBacS -90G0("aG- )-9/e¤
3yÄG¦/-BaµB¦/ £
B/)-9/0ySc£
BaSB"Ù-90G90(
09bGeyy©S½GayÅ"((¨ aSG-B¦a aBca(cÙB/Å()ÛG]¦a
-90Ge(cÃ00y§b¤ÅB/
-90G00m-((-e-BcJ"ycµh90G
-§B00¤¸¦a]§9£"-90)90mecb/ye-y@µ-9-y-Åy-BhG-
Ba@-00Gy@Ã90y¬c£-93B/)bBC/bG©²µ@ec¬Ba909£|0
--)-B/m£|«aSy0cc0¤)©
1${ $G±Ð±}{0
mçeq L§(B/
--c0c£YB/ )BS/eB"-¨§b¦/-¤
0-c£*-e-Bc "Â nayE"c-¨µ£* -90G90y©hÐ£ (*%Â
Ba
b¦/5§//b"B¿ceG-y2-Å-y-Bc "Â B/ ayE"c-¨
Ba*-90GymÃ90yh-m/)<¨Òy-£JB/ )B(ayE"c-¨
§¦a-¤9-
£|-9B/ )bBab]µBam/eB"-¨Lc)9S§b¤
,
%B *'BT
¢ 2(G$
Û # ')( % /PQ P - %0 41 3 ¢ % '
. k
"a90 %0 413 B/G-0/y¤S£"Ba GBµ-00G9µBa ayB"-¨
£|-y-Bc "B©
B/SBa §GÅy0cc0¤Ù" ecµ§c¦b/ÙB/(0/¡E-c¡E9a
b9¤m£j-y-B "u£Ba¹b¦amB0¥Å¹ec¨b¤G¡|§¦a-ÿBace
/3B/c)90G)c--cJ0G-*«e-¹Bac (*%B©YµÔÕãÞ×J""b0G
Bam£|c"aBayc0y / ${B7 4 8*mª"/Å()ÛG]¦a b9¤ " % c£S-y-Bc ""¯
ayBYc-¨Ùc£ 5-90G00yecaB-B/£ )-90G00]¿-9-yyj
§¦aby@)
,
" % #(*%% - %0 413 '
|ßb© àÒ¢
. k
"/90 %0 213 BaG-9ay¤Sc£YBa )Bµ-90)9mÙB/ayB"-¨
£|c-y-B "B©
ª"
(GÛG¦a 9¤@
/b99ab9bÅc£B/Å-c)G¤2c£
B/ayE"c-¨©¬ª"/§c¦b/C-f¦a< Bcb-9\B/¬«aG
yc¦b§"c§a-cay §b¤cac¤è9a
yG-
-90G0j-cGB©G-
B/)jB/9a®¡E-¡B0/(b9¤m§¦a j¹£¼¦ayBcnc£acb¤B""ac¡
0G(e-90 *B/
§¦b0-B/e- £"Ba -e-Bc2B0¥Å )mBa -¦0e
ca¯BaL)-9/0y£Ba/G®¦aG
-90)90ÅcCBaLaGB c£
B/-e-BcJ©½Òay
"m)-B¦/(eScb¤SB/)¹eG-Sc£Ba-90)90
CBaLayBYc-¨2§9/)-µB/\ 9G-y*Bay-Å0yB¦-Å0
(c0*)9/00cBac3Ba¹b9¤(§c¦ba"¦am-Øjc00¨Åca "mc¡
G)9SÔÕyßc×E©3 B/(ayÛ -eyBcJ"Å««B/ BaG
c«"9¡
¨/"¿"c-¨¡Ey/-00G/2--/y¦b900L¯£GyÅ -00G90y©
ª"¦/yc¦bSb9¤¯§c¦ba+byµ-c()-Scb¤2/yE"c-¨ c£
-<ay¦00y©
ª"/(b9¤@§¦a
Ä/©|ß© à¢B/*
B/)B/90Å0LE"
"¤- b èySb9¤
ca@§¦bÃ9h0yÄG¦0e(9b-2/eB¡
"c-¨
£J ´-00G90 ¼¢jceG-mhc0§aca"bB3-mm-e-BcJ
B¦/0y®¦a9a(Ba¹-00 # % ( % ¼¢¦a- -90)90«BÅ
G-9a9yy©«½Òay*BaG-9ay¤ j)y9¦a]¦bG-eLBb0c¦acn]¦bB
/byyBa -eycaScb0)G-@*00£|9-0yÙ c0) ayB"-¨©
ª"/ÅÁ0-(b0G)<C0e®¦ayy(BaL¦aBèy)BÐ£BaLayB"-¨
B¦/Åc"aCcb¤¯µ-(c0S¦/§93c£
B¦b-cayc¦a@-eB¡
Bcaj-"§"B¦b0-y
B/("¦§jG-B§bm"B
b¦/ ¡
G-9ay¤S-90)90y©æb è9/µBa])-9/e¤@- b èyy
Ba
§¦bÃ9
0yÄG¦b0y(9b-
c£«B/
-y-Bc¿)mBa /G¦c-90)90
µB/mayE"c-¨©
"{ $ 5 $Gx 0Ð8z 0$ mª"a9/¡E-c¡E9a59¤5ca /00yG-
§¦b0-Bay-m£
-y-B3]ayE"c-¨Å£M -90G90"b0cc-¡
Bcac-SBan)-9ay¤ % £*BaL-00G90y©µ²µLec2 b èy
§GBhc£aBay-Âac0)(y-90§b¤byBa -00G90J«Bh b]¦a
G-9ay¤G©
m)-mBaG*B/m)-9ay¤£j
-90G9b99aby/µG9a90c|ac
-"b-9-/ac0)(y-90caBa¹§aca"bByGB£jBa
-y-Bc¿¦ab9Åy/Bb90GB© Gb®B*BaL)-9/e¤(¤
c-µc0¤"B¿B/Å¦/§9nc£GyB)S-y-BcaÅca2B/9nc¡
yGB/y©3½G¦a<Ùb99ab9/ec£YBa G-9ay¤µc£Yca(-y-B
c2)B/0
-y-Bca a®y)-yÅB/( -GB¯b0c90Be(c£
B/*--/e®¦b9©*çu¨Òy"-G3-G(-<ay¦90*Ba¹)-9/e¤((¤
09a ayG¤-mb-9-ac*/0G(e-90yjca@y-
cÙBa
§//b"B3yGBµc£Ba"-y-BL¦ba9«c§a-90GBcJ©*½G¦a<
-<ay¦00¹bmaGc ¦a-ycbB0B/")-9/e¤(c£J-y-B
§b¤(ybB0caL-§aca"bBµcy)BcJ© ¹3B/GBa9"acau
B/
G-9ay¤£*Ø "mØ"½S-90)9(b90/b]ayG¤2cÙB/hcc¡
yG-e §acab«bBC£BaÅ-y-Bc¿¦a0ecaB90)BcJ©¯ª"b
Ü/eÛG§¼B¤S*c0y)B¤byB0c§bG©
½Òay
B/
b9ÁbBcÙc£Ù ³-90)9*¹aG¹§aG-eScSb¤
G-B¦a aBcaLBa(b¦a(B0c¥Å)m eG-¤µ-S9-)Å9¤
§c¦ba*£|cB0c¥n®-B-§b¦/BGBa9B/SBa($ #')(¢"(b9|©
¶/cyÛG
GJ"/0µB/y¨S0G-
c£YB/
-c¦b0y *¨/"J
(Á/yS¦b0m§¦aScµBa0c¤3c£µ 6-90)9ec§
c§a-cay©@çJym¦a b9aG-Å"B
%¹BaL-00GyL0)-(cy)-y
-SycbayyBc "B/y ( % /
% 0yByyB)9¤20/)-Ba
G90)G/ec¨0)-L) Ba-¦0ec£yayyB "B©µª"/
c--chGBa b¦a(c£*Ba(-90)9
¦-a@Ba b-90 'Ð×
/¬-GBB£|¤3B/mayÄG¦acE¤
% '$B¢¿
$ # % ( % %P b¢ ' % /P b¢-%¢ R
|ß© áG¢
ÙÔÖÕÞãÞ×jY¹b0c) Bam£|c"aLyh(
7 44 } Amª"/Y(GÛG¦/b9¤ " %£m-e-Bc "Å¹ayB¡
"-¨S£* -90)90yycaB-Ba@£!)S-90)90¹Ù-9-yyJ"/00
Bamy¨0G-£B/-¦0e]"äc"J/"§c¦b/byµG
% # % - , %0 41 3 R
" % % P%
|ßb© âÒ¢
% P ( % /. k
"a90 %0 413 B/G-0/y¤S£"Ba GBµ-00G9µBa ayB"-¨
£|-y-Bc "B©
Æ (Ç /Î ÌJÍ *Ê ÏÈÉ /$( Ð
B-yyB(""/Ba2B/)j-yG90b"9¡|äc"ÅYc-¨¡
y/-00G/(--ay®¦b90"§9/h-B/9G-* /hy-00 /
Ba9
G-9a9yy©3¾*yycYBaGc¦bh9ÁbbBc¿c£ -90G00m
Ba0eGc¦aS-yyBcC(§aG-yCC-y-B¡|§b¦/-¤¯9-y©´
b0GyBeGmacYyG9"Åy)B9S-2/¤èy--/y¦b/CGc¡
-Ba(§/)-y@-e-Bc§aG-¨G)Gy@9-y©hª"/ £c"/
yh(Å9/§emBamG-9ay¤Åc£µ -90G9- §y-B(G-e
§aG-y3cÅ-§0/Gc*\B/*-y-BS§/)<¨)GGeL9-by©*²µ
"¦/-B*)
-c/\c¦b*cac¤Bc£J-y)90cJ--/y¦b90"
Bbm-yeBcJ©
7 44 } mçe ' ×Å/y)-cÓb-90cµc£µBh¯
"b< -y-Bc "«ÅycbB¦ac¦aB¤f§aG-¨G)Gy¯ -90G0 ¹©ÙÐ£
Ba*-90GycÃ90yÅ-mBa¹aG-ÿ-BaG"--Gy(3B/"b-90
' ×jy§§¦aeSG*yG00¤La--cb - 1
G
% 'B
¢ ¿()Û/8 ' ( % %P P % ¢-¢ '
Ba9 mµ 6-90)9"BS )-9/e¤y-*B/µcyÄG¦acj-
%©
! £c0(0£(£
B/µçyh(0y-0b-yÔÖÕÞãÞ×E©ª"
yh("cf¦a-my-B()-*B/"G-0/y¤
c£c3 ¡B-00G9©
)cYyG9j
e /)]ayye--c-¤fb0G¦a
SBcb §¦a
£|B/mac0)(y-9 % ©
!Ó(c¿ybB-§¦aBc¬£*B/ÅBayc0¤Ùc£ ¡B-00G90(Ba
aGBSc£MB/"§b¦/-¤(0-u©Yª«a"§c¦bac3Bam-90GecÃ90e
§b¤
c3 ¡E-90G9§aG-yhcÅBa"§¦a-¤ 9-©ª"(0
)9/00c*b0G)<2BacÙ§c¦b/a@Ba(-90GyÅÃ90y@§b¤µBa
-90)9§/)-yÅcÅBamy/e9/c£JBa
w9}~ 'G%± $ &5/){ 0$&G© !*Åcb¡
b0G)<(§aG-e(chB/G--9")0G-e SÔÕyäc×£cjb0cGa
·mÒ½@c¦ac0b-yyy©µª"/Å(b9"§¦abLBaÅ-90Gy3cÃ90ef-
SyayyBC¦-aµcac
hc0(§/)<¨)G)yf0-yYB¦/
b0G®aÅ(yca-yB39G-"£J-<ay¦aÅcG-B/h
BaGyb0cGbÅBy9ÁaÅ9a®¡E-c¡E9ab9¤@¦/0cb-yey© mB¡
a(Bamy/y0/*c£J§¦a-¤(9-a--yG3c£J§/)<¨)GGe9-
B(h9"*¨9¤20yB¦b CBb-9Å9a®¡E-¡B0/¿9¤
§¦ab@/Cc0)9µ9)-Sc£
--/y¦b90@BaG3ycCb0G
Bay-
9¤Å§c¦b/by©
ÐÅçyh((ámY«b0GyÅBaGyG£M"¦a-mBa"§/)<¨)GGe9¡
-S-(§¦aSB/-00Gy(cÃ90y§b¤ÅÅ-90G9 */Ba9S-00G9
j"cL -90)9"/(-jG-9ay¤(ec(aGj§¹0G9YBac3B/)
£|¦aL£cYB/*§/)<¨)GGe9-#© )m"eG9b"*¦/-"e ac¡
BèyµBa¸£|)y(BaG3B/S)B-@LaGÅB-¦aG©»"/Bb9µBa
yÛ) b(c£Y¶c¦b0 àb©*ç¦/G-B¦a(
cÙ h¡E-90)9"BS0)-
(ca(G-9ay¤ ©j¾*9£9--/
-¶c¦b0màbbB(9¡|b-90c8 ' k ×
/2 m ' r ×j£|0 E" §b¦/-¤9-y© )cYyG9Ba
-90G909¡
(/
§/)<¨)GGe¯¦-a@BaÅ"/Lb-90c k '|ßc×E©SÐ£*Ba
§aG-¨G)GyS9-S")"¦/-y3-]§c¦b/SBa-90Gy
cÃ00yL§b¤
Latency for delay
Latency for traffic
Wi(t)
Ai(t)
A(0,t)
W(0,t)
ρ
0
ρ
t1
Θ
t2
ρ
Θb
t3
UAVXW YYTV vEacba^ aVX^w=u4x^pVX^W` agbacbdoV aqwe4gap u4^ `
a we fXu[W4W4apu[c.wxgyz=acbVXupgY
B/*-90)9bmG-9ay¤ TS ¯
"¦Å0yB¦by©ÑY¤ 09y)B/
Ba
c §)"yÛG
*G9¦bB*§¦a-¤m9-byujy)-¤-mG0-£|¤
B/) ycÅaG"§*§c¦b/by©*ª""Ba*¹BaG£§aG-¨GG)y
9-YG¹¦a-y@a--y)c£§¦a-¤9-ÙB/h9ÁbbBc¿c£
B/\ -90)9Å(b9|*BaS9/¡E-c¡E9a¯b9¤£Ba-90)9
"c¦baG"§§c¦b/by©
Ñ"¤ ¦aB/hçy(h(áG"¦-|Ymcac¤èeyS-yG00cJ"c-¨
yca-90Ga-90)90m/Å0)ySB/)*B/y¤Å§9/ÅSBa 9)-
© !ÓB¦/h(c0¤£c¦b 0yB¦b- 0e-9b-y¿ªjc§bS<©Mi
my)-¤-(-e BaG*Ø "mØ"½/Sº*0B¦/¼»Y-¨µ/G
BamcYy-
G-9ay¤C)(ca2c
BaS-90G90y©ÓÐC)BcJ
B/93G-9ay¤
em/)mb99a@Ba¦/§9
£"yayyB/
Bac-aBa
-G(*¦/-)ca ¨© !mj"Y«JBaf3½yyBº<Ga"y)9
º¹0B¦ac¼»-¨S¹aG* £|c)c-Ba©
3-9£Ð¡E9-ë£|cÄG¦a9¦/0/bB/m)-9/e¤n*/ec£Ð¦b/0¡
Bchc£Ba(GÛG¦/¦a]§9c£aycbayyBca"Bac-aB/Yc¦aB¡
G/(b¨©*3À9Á/0m¾*c¦b/S¾*§ÙÔ ä×BbBa¹G-0/y¤309a
c\B/*£Ð0G(Bèy ©jÑ"¤ÅBamb9ÁbB£jBamc)c-BaBa
£Ð0Gh Bèy)/B¦b-mby-90
/yµ§b¤Ba 0c¦bc-B¤Ùc£Ba
§//b"B¬yGB¬ca¯Ba()ÛG]¦a aG-ÿ(BèeSc£*-
-y-BcJ©"ª"aG"y
-
% 6'
%. k
"/90 % "Ba*(GÛG¦a /)<¨ÒyB¡EBèym£-e-Bc "B©jª"¦ayBa
G-9ay¤(À9Áa9¾*¦a(¾*c§b(jc-"£Ð¦bayBcÅ£BaÂ¦a ¡
§9hc£*ecb/yeBca(B/)B/0ÅB/Åc¦a-G/Sb¨©²µ9cb-e
¾*c¦b/µ¾*c§byS§
B/¦/bc£YG*ÅBy9"y)- £Àm9Áa9
¾*c¦b/Å¾*c§bS/(-jG-9ay¤()GSm£Ð¦b/eBc3c£JBam()ÛG¡
]¦a³¦/§9c£jecb/yeBcaB/-/3B/¦/-)caLb¨©
(Ç mÈ¿8Æ ÊË Ì *«ËuÍÈ/Ì
ª"/*G-9a9yc£ -90)90*yG b¦a-yL\B/*G-*-yyB
c0S§/)-y¬c¬Ba@)-B¦/ aBc´B/)/)<¨ÒyLSecaB90e
-90Gyy3cb¤"a9Å-G-"§b«aG9£|"Bam-90)9©ª"¦/ybBa
G-9ay¤ % ")yG b¦a-yB¦a<ÙB/)B/h-90Gy(9-£|0(y
®¦b-aÅ-y-BcÙ§¦a-¤L0-G*B( -A %B 'B¢9"¤
c0y)-9*Bac3cYyÄG¦acJ- ( % PP % ¢9©½GayB/*()ÛG]¦a
®Ã909aym§yE"y9
%B 'E¢Â/ ( % P¢jy9¦b0 B¦a-j§9£|0
2-y-Bcb¡ "naG-ÿSb9ac0-SBa-¤--yBaSG-9ay¤ %
yc0¦)-yCG
B¦/-2cb-y©Ùª"
/yey--c0¤-S§Åc§bS-
§c¦baB/hc--c
-Ba ayÛ-90G03<ac2£"-00G90 B/e"c¦bj-90)900ÂaGJ9¦aB¡BBb0c¦achbyGyyy"aG-ÿJyc§
-90Gyyµcb¤Sc£-9*-¹G-*§*/)m--Gy© ¹¦b)-B¦/
/B
Lmax
r
θi =
Lmax + Li
r
i
UAVXWY?Y \fXfXxgb`cbe4`bVXu4^.u4` a/`t/uaôd4afXu4z*agxgap ùw*u4x^p` a/gbacbdV a
cba aVXd4ap.wyTgbagbgVXu[^VX^ e.gbagbgVXu[^Bwxgby/z*acbVXuopEYe gb`bazTVX^T` a
e[ccbVXd(e4f 6x^ `bVXu4^VX^pV e4`bag.e ât ze 4a`Y a fXu(t/acTaôd4afXu[z*a
VXg%e d(e4fXVXp fXu(tac w=u4x^
p ju4cA` a/gacdoV a/e4`/e4^yTz=u4VX^ÈVX^q` a.wxgby
z=acbVXup 4t VXfXa` aTxzz*acu[âVXgd(e4fXVXp u4^fXye[``
az=u4VXô`g.t a^
eqze 4a`fXae(d4ag/` aTgbygb`ba Y
BaGB/maG-ÿ*yGy)m b¦-(£Ð0)³B/
-90)9c*
¦a -3(b9"Ba(--c*c£«B/ aG-ë]ÙB/(ayÛ-90)9()
S ¦b-()¹Y9|©
²2/9n"eG b¦/-YB/"0/¡E-c¡E9a(0c¤
c£am-e-BcJG/"¡
y)9b"*c0cb¤nb-00y--yL3Áa/(BamBhmGY«b-SBa
)-¹§bmc£M aG-ÿ*yGyB/m)-¹-00G9©ª"¦/yb£|cBamG-
-90)9(2S-acJ""(ec¿e-90 aBan)-9ay¤ % §aG-e
¤3c3B/*/--b-m£Bh# B¦/-Yc£|-9«]aG-ÿY"G"-00Gyy
£Ð0) Ba-y-B©¿ª"(0yB¦b-(¿¸"93c¦aSc£*)-9/e¤
//y/-eÄG¦/9bB¤)(Bb-9*§c¦baScSBa9a®¡E-¡Bb9¤Lµ
ayBYc-¨3c£-90)90mBac\B/)*cG0@§b¤ÅyÄ/©J|ß© à¢9©
ªj3cb¤Bb byBa(cac¤BÅ£mBa ayBYc-¨µ -9ac¡
0)-y¸b-SE"Å--9ay©(Ð£"Ba(-y-BaG--y
B0¦/ )acay
"*§c¦baSB/-90GycÃ90y-
Ba-y-Bc3SBamÁ0-!) PÕ
-90)90µycaB0-/¬c-§bB0c0¤+a--cb-µ¦-aC-y-Bcb¡|§¦a-¤
0-y© ¹¿Ba¸)-nabG¹a"y)9*"ec9¦bG-Bac¡
-9ay¤ §aG-eL¤ÅÅB/*cb-( B¦/-c£-9"aG-ÿ"eG by-y
-90GeG©
ª"b e@ §y-
¦/-B0)-y §b¤µc¿yÛ) bCBay)-
£mBaÅ#Ø "mØY½@-90)9© !-B¦/(ÅBaG
§¦a-¤S9-¯--0- )
B( /jcaBaG
LaG-ÿyGe(B/h#Ø "mØY½@-90)9()B(
©ª"/9Jbc\B/y-0yB// "mØ"½Å-90G0Bb¹aG-ë«0£|
), ¹Bh , P!#" %$ "G-9©Yª"/900£|c0G£"ycaBb9¤
B¦a<Scb- , a"myµ"--
'%6& ' , ¢
'%6( ' , P )*$ #" ¢
*#"

( % , P P
¢ R
$
ª"b0yB¦b-3])-9/e¤(c+£ )*#" $ G"eG ac0yÅ-(, % ( % )*#" %$ ¢b0y-9b-yµªj§h<©
¶¦0
áB/*"BamE"9bG0cy*§/)-yÅ§c¦b/aBa
-90Ge@0yy9)yC§b¤¯Ba@-y-B+,Ba@E"Ã909bS"¤y©
ª"a"99b)9c*by"-*c-§bB0c0¤b-ÂÅBa-y-Bcb¡
§b¦/-¤
9-"bmBa"¦b9*0bG9¹c¤hGb-
"a9C@aG-ënec)yBa-¤--e©¬¶/cÅeG b¦/Ba¯0/¡E-c¡
9a20c¤§¦abn¿S/eB"-¨£-90)90y"Åyc2¦a-Ba
¦b9*9b)9cmnB/"G-Y-90G9©YÐÅcBa*"c-¨¡Ey/-00G/
--/e®¦b90
"m/) -B¦a®euJB/
BY(9bG0cy
c0/0¹§b¤
% ( % M«a90 % (B/3(GÛG¦a aG-ÿB¡EBèy£|(-e-Bc "B©
ª"/900£|c0G£|"Bay-
-90G00yY¹ec3c§a-cµL
0Ge
§c¦ba£|c*Bam0/¡E-c¡E9aS9¤(SayB"-¨Å§b¤LB¦b§aB0GyBa
% ( % £Ð0)³yÄ/©|ßb© àÒ¢9©jª"/009£|c0)
,
" % #( %% - %0 213 P ( % % R
Eá®©Õ¢
/. k
£J"B¦§a-BB¦/-
Ba¹G-0/y¤Å§/-/y£c*Ø "mØ"½ £Ð0) ªj¡
§h<bBaG"y( %0 213 O % ( % )*#" %$ /")y
" % #&(*%% )P2ÕÞ¢ (*% % ) *$ #" '
Eá®© ÝG¢
"-)c0yem"BBa§c¦b/µc§a-cay@§b¤SØj09¨µca "mc¡
G)9ÔÕyßc×b£|"mayBYc-¨hc£J#Ø "mØY½(-90G00y©½ÒayBa"G-9a9y
c£MØ#"mØY½L/Sº*0B¦/¼»Y-¨S0m0bByc|JB/m§c¦b/S£"Eá®© ÝG¢
cbeS-fº*0B¦/¼»<¨¬)LY98 BÅc-¬)c0yyh9b
"BSBa]0yB¦b-m£jçJG³ca¹(ÔÕyå×B©
²fb""/)mG0-Á/y3B/)"Bb b0c)y(9b*£ % (*%u
B/
b9¤¸§¦aSc@£|cBah -00G90/¤èyy@
Bac9M«ayBa9
Bb]B-¦a £|
c« -90)90m0y(/
c\c9\ÄG¦/e-BcJ©"²µm/GmaG*¤)y£|¦a£|c0hcb0c£Mc
-mcB¤£cc-§bB0c0¤\ ³-90G00y©
Æ0Ç ÏÊÈ E$ Ëµ ®?Ê Ê ½®eyBc --<J"
B/"eB/)B/Å"0-B¡EyG-(b9¤@§0¡
/Gm£a®G¦-y-Bca¹\]ayBYc-¨Å£ -90G90Yyc
§
cac¤èyyä«a¤µBa9G-9a9yy© )cYyG9Bac¡
-9ay¤@£c¿ -90)9§b¤S--9£-jb0cGby(a/yGB¬c£
-m£|c-ay-y©h¶/cyÛG bGjº*0B¦/¼»<¨2/µØ "mØ"½Sc0(E"
®Ã909bÅ -90)90("B2BaÅ-G((G-0/y¤)§b¦/
"B2B¦§b¡
--cbB¤C®Ã009bL£|-/e-L-ac0Ge-9--Byy©¬Ð¯BbÅ-yyB
"*cac¤èyBa¹£c-ay-"-/0Gy-9--Bemc£J-y)90cJ"0¡iä"
C-00G90cay) /0 Bay©
ª"/m£|-/e-¹ac0Ghy-9BaG*"m¦a-«§aG-eScµBa9Áb¡
B@b0y-9b-e§b¤ "my--cb*Ô áÞ×£|c/¤Bc£-9£Ð¡E9-ë
£|cnÄG¦/9¦a9a©CçJy¦/ÅG-B¦a(3B/) % 'E¢hB/3-90Gy
cÃ00y-ecb/yeBc "2Ba b-90c '×§b¤S-90G9 *©h£
( % (B/(§aca"bB¿cy)-y¯-SyayyB "Bj"h««yc
B/£¼0GyB % 'B¢ ( % Ba2 ${ 4
}G± 0 &Sxec{07 0Ð~0 cÃ90yC-
ycbayyBc "«2Ba(b-90c
'×E© !³-<ay¦9h 9-£|eyB¤
£|cY£BamÃ900/ymÅac0(èyy3-90GycÃ90yÅ-cb¤(E"
ycbayyBcaBaG"0ycbB¦ac¦aB¤¸§aG-¨G)GyµBam-¤--e
µB/mb-00c* 'Ð×mèy90b©ª«aG"y
% *'B¢ P % 'E¢ O =R
(*%
([
"mØ"½(¦BbyÛG(b0G93-/)mBb090E¤G© )m"y)9
B*y/BcÙyaG*§(y§b¤Åb¤naG-ëB¡i§b¤G¡|aG-ÿc)c¡
-B/ÓB/em/)<¨Òy-"¦/-j§m-00GyyÅyÛ9¦aBG9¼¤G©*ª"a909£|0G
2LaG-ë]§b¤S/)<¨Òy
-90G9J"(ec2¤S0yÄG¦b0BaGBa
®Ã909ay]Sac0hcèyyµ-90Gym0ey9Ge§b¤LBamecb/yeBca
§m§¦ae¸§b¤Å(y/--by©
"mcy--B¦/)Gy--e ¦a-£BaÅ®Ã009/e¸2ac0(èyy
-90GyÃ90y¬-2cb¤¿B"ecb/yeBca@)Ba@(eGB¦b0c£
£|c-ay-m£|Ba G-B/ Ô áÞ×E©*æSc00y0-9¤GjGc-Ba
ecaB90e9)-¹-*£|c£-G£ccb¤
BYmyayyB/ "'bB/)
0ycbB¦ac¦aB¤¸§aG-¨G)Gyµµcb-00cc£MB(L k ' m ×B
% k ' m ¢ P k ' m ¢ '
( %
(
"a90
¸
Syca--cby©3çym¦a
yc9 )B/ y*} 0¼{9/yx0x"£
-90)9 ¹© !2¥Å9¦bB¤Åc--eyG/"eG9GnB/¦a-*c£Ba"§G
b9ÁbB¯ÙyG ac-aµB/ £c-ay-c£*Ã900b --/e®¦b90y©
¶/B/Y-G(j/)--9-Å£/-y-BÅc--yBa§aG-¨G)Gy(9-¡
bm£B/
-y-BcÙyµc0¤)90G--<ay¦90 JÅyG
/--c
£¹£c-ay-Åc£®Ã909b(--/e®¦b/2Gc-Ba(3yc¿Ba909£|0
¤G92 BeG/S0yB¦b-]£*Ba(--caG--0-m/)<aG-0
-¿G-b0®¦ay2Ba-G(S§aG-¨GG)y9-b¸,chBa
--/e®¦b90y#© )9ayGb"*(£|¤ "mce--cb ' *b9ÁbBcµBbB¤G©
²µ ecaB9hÅB( )m"-ÙB/
ycbayyBca "ca
h§9¡
a eG ac0yÅ/)¹ÅÁb-B¦bb¤Åc£aG-ÿ-y©ª"b£|c0ey
Bay -(§(ecbB¦ac¦aB¤@§/)<¨)G)yBa -00G90y0yG0®¡
y-c£Ba-<ay¦aSc)c-Ba ¦/-y©"²µm¦a- )¹h(yGB¦b0
£u£c-ay-*B/*Ã909aymÅ/0(cèeyS-90GycÃ90eL-
Ba
E"SycbayyBcaL£chcb¤B(Åb-90c
k ' m ×«c£|-9hB(
©
!B¤Gby"yÛ) b(c£¦b£|-/y-
y9¦b0¹ÙBa º*0B¦/¼»Y-¨
Gc-BaJG"b0y-9b-y2Ô àc×E©
²µ*yc¦aG-y3B/*£|c-ay-"£m¦a§9*£-00G90y©²µ«¦a-
%-*0/)-"B/()ÛG]¦a+aG-ÿB¡EBèy£cj-e-Bc "ca
!#"
BaÅ(GÛG¦/ aG-ÿB¡EBèy3G9hc*-e-Bcay© ! B¦a((0¤@£
¦*0yB¦b-"«b0y-9b-eSªjc§b
<©bÀy-cyb0c£«£c*Bay-
0yB¦b-m0m0e-9b-y2ÔÕãÞ×EÔ7Ý c×E©
²µm/)- BaGcMB/
c)c-Ba(-B¦/yeÛy9amº¹0B¦ac¡
»-¨jycµ§Åy/Bb90y2Gm£c§aG-y¦
b9ÁbBC£
£|-/e-y© )cYyG9bm¹b-90e-B/S- aG-
BaGm-0£Ð¡E9<¨Òy
£|ÅÄG¦a9¦/0/CE½b»«¶M·¢]aG(BaL§e- £|c-ay-ÅGhcacBa
aG-ÿB¡|§b¤G¡|aG-ÿ*--/y¦b90ybyG9Å§e--9"Bac3BaGc£Ø "mØY½
Ù-G(eG-yy© ¹µBaGBa9macaB/G-9ay¤S£cÙ½b»«¶M·
-90)9yc3§m¦a<3/9B/SBaG"£j(Ø "mØY½n-00G97 aB
§eyc¦a-2½b»«¶M· (¤¿9¤¬-90Gy-2yayyB/Ù«a9
Bay¤@§eyG((§aG-¨G)Gy¿c£|-9hc2L0-uY«bØ "mØY½
0/èyyBaecb/yeBcaBaG aG0yGb¤0yy9)y¯Ba9
yG-yÅ§//b"B\-m-90)"/y"¤ §aG-¨G)Gy3ycbayyBcay©
Æ0Æ0Ç *ËuÈJÎ ÒÍ 9ÏÐËÈ Ð(ªj§*-"j/GYB¦/(hc-èyyÅBa-ac0Ge-9--By"£-yG¡
90j--/e®¦b/SG-B/(m§9cacaS-(Ba( 60G-¹§aG-e
¯BaÅB0enac0)(y-90h®-9¦a--y2¿½®eyBc Ý®©SÑ")-y
Bb*B¦/(hc0¤G"eG-¤Å--ymBaGYB/#Ø "mØY½(-<ay¦9*aG
Ba]§y-¹0-£|c0(/e §GBµµ-90(c£G-9ay¤S/S£|c-ay-
b0c00Byy#© )cYyG9c- aGYB/*/y-" by(0b-GBc
y) byÛGB¤G©,º¹0B¦ac¼»-¨+aG(G-0/y¤20bByc
-BaGÅ£
Ø "mØ"½/§b¦a¹"/)m £cc)c-Ba©
!*BaSGBa93cG-B/hS-B¦/yC/G§c¦b/byC¦b£|c-¡
ay-y§¦a"- /)m¦/-Å/9*)-9/0y*B/Ø "mØY½©b¶0)
¦Ycac¤B*c£a/yE"c-¨bc£u -90)90yGj§yy)(y"9ec/
Bb/00yG-y
G-9ay¤my)-"(9a¡B-¡E9/
b9¤]§¦aby
0G¹§b¦bÃ9*0yÄG¦b0y(9b-"3B/*-"--Labyybcana90y)-y
B0¥ÅL§b¦0-Bay-(aBSBa(/yE"c-¨
© )92"B¿yca--cbB¡
§bB¡|0G-(B0¥Å )mBa -¦0eG-y-Bca
(¤Ge9¦/¦bG-Åycb¡
Bb90c§b§¦b0-B/e-mc£-9*(b¤ //*Bb0c¦ac\B/*/yE"c-¨h£
BaB/-90G00«aGmbcS)-9/0yy©"ª"¦ay/Ba¹¦a-c£j-00G90
"B2 b¦/5G-9ay¤@(eÛB0y(9¤S 0-cb ¿L§b0G)®¡
§aca aG-ënayE"c-¨©Ć§)B¬B/µ½b»"¶j· -90G0ScaCBa
½90G0
ç)-9ay¤
Ø m" Ø"½
½b»«¶M·
º¹0B¦ac¼»-¨
Àm0Á/9¾*c¦b/S¾*c§b
¶/c-ay-
»«) b yÛGB¤
1
¢9)"/90
(GÛ/
G 1 '
% 1 $ <
¢
% OC j-$<1PfÕÞ¢ 'Å()Û
¢-¢9©
( k
2
P ÕÞ¢
11
$<
0 r ( m 3
Ð)<
¢
Ð)<
¢
r(
-Õ¢
² 9cb-yµ¾*c¦b/S¾*§
µ
-Õ¢
(
0 ( 3
¶0)(9¡EÑ")-yS¶/c
m ( hGÛ ' 1 ¢
Ð)<
¢
·¹¦a9¦a9/µ|¶j¶j·¢¹Ô Ý ×
1
! \Y"Ee4`ba^ y j e4VXcbâgbge4^pV zfXaaôè4`bVXu$^ uzfXa oVX`yqu4.gad4acbe4f*t/u4c u4^gacdoVX^W gbacbd4acbgY$# % VXgT`
a eoV qx 1ze4a`.gbV&%aqu4
gaggbVXu4^ e4^p'# * " `
a eo V q x ze 4a`gV&%a eu[^W e4fXfA`
aqgaggbVXu4^gY)( % VXg ` a eoV x û4ce4fXV&%ap gbacbdV a `
e4`TegaggbVXu4^
e(yca aVXd[aVXê+*,-*!. gacd[acVXâ agbgu4 `
e4`.VX^ `
a/,-*!. gacd[acY\_^ taVXW
oàp cbu4x^pcu4wVX^qe4^ppaVX`.cu[x^pBcbu4wVX^ 101VXgT` a
j cbe
a.gbV&%ae[^p32 % VXg`
ae u[x^ÀuD `bce54 VX^`
a 6 ce a.e4fXfXu e4`bapqù gbagbgbVXu4^ bY#!6VXg.` agV&%au4E ` a ap ze [a`.h afXf87EVX^ t/aVXW
o`bap
cu[x^pBcbu4wVX^=Y
0c¦b/¡|0c§b--ay®¦b90yBamG-9ay¤3ca£|c-ay-m0m0yGB¤
cÃey-yf§b¤2Ba¦/§93£
ycb/eyBcaBac-a2yGh(c
c¦a-G/b¨©+ª"bLb0c00B¤2(c¨Òy(Å®¥Å0¦3-@ybB0c
9a®¡E-c¡E9a-e-BcSb9¤¹3/eB"-¨b""/90]0Gm¦a]§9
c£jÜa¹*(¤ÅBac0
B/mb¨by©
¹¦Yy) /--c\c£J-<ay¦00¹ca BamBb0y*(9aBca
yGyc9ÅBa"ÄG¦/e-BcÅ"ayB/0"-<ay¦a G-B/Óyc
§mbyB/y3B/)aG"Ba*-G(*c2G-9ay¤ÅGYB/)£Ø "mØY½
§c¦bay¬¦b£|c-ay-yhca+9¥n99b by(9b-)BcJ© Ð
Ô7Ý c×Ej"ÅyÛ-9a¯Bb("-¨@§b¤µ0y-0bB/B¦a-¯µ--/y¦b/
®-0/µBaG
"Åyc¶0)(9¡|§/)-y2¶/cn·¹¦a9¦/0/¯|¶j¶M·¢9©
¶j¶j·+mh-c0-y¡|--B¤µcG-B/Úµ«b-µB/y9¦bGBc
c£B(e--G amyS§m9-£c0(y -ÕÞ¢"B(G©"ª"amG-9ay¤
c£j£Ð0)(9¡|§aG-y£|ÄG¦a9¦a9/*0bBycY-(BaGm£(Ø "mØ"½
-90G0¤GyBa G-B/5y@§
Bac"Ù-(§ £|m§aG-yµc
B/0--9-cÙ"¹¦a-yµBb¹ac0-(y¦/)-]£|-/e-y©
9 ®
Ê ÈJÎ D
: <;>=#=#@?Aï9Cí BEDaù ùyêî-1ü B9î-í Dï0ücG
ò)ô óyí|óyô|ëCí üBEý(M jíí|î0iJï ðEA ê
¼ô|ë ô|ë K"î-ð î ïôi9ñòí|Lò îJA ë ï9ð0üï9õNô|ë óyKYüî-ìðBëê)ü
ï9üï0ë ü¹ìCKOë üyD ô|P"î-ýyë ü$íEï9QSô|î-R<TõmUWõ ì|V1î-FX-í|ÿy@Yë HGð-Z\î-ê)ìJï9[1üò)]Eý ï9^D<ð YSB0I|î-ùy_ôñZ+üòcî-Za
` b5c1D-òò de 5fLD
jñcýeñcì|ô : ;>F HGê)ï9üEý D+Ihgjë í|ô|ñGï A&?iA ó<ð BEM3ï(üî Cô|íBï jmð
ð-óyüyô|í|5ó AJï A ýyóyí|ë ô|1ê Klkóeí
òG[Eï0{5<ð rB0tCzî-ôw|ì rDÿ9ë ô|ó5ðBA%ê ë 1üDý
òcücò î-ô uóe<mí e Beì JD P'dED X-
Yï-Zo
÷ nRp5qE rsp5UJtvuhT5qEr/T5q"YiT5wxy1tCzR
: J; #J=jî KYî-íiì DÞù }jî-ì|ê)ï<~ÿ D)ï9üõ*ù ùyêî-Lü B0î-í DIjü)Jï A ÷eìië ìJï9üõ"ì|ë KLñ A ï9ô|ë óyü
óJkMx~ïzk¼Rï9uhë zí-q~eUzñcDyî-ÿ0ñ5ó î-A ë ücýh5DïJüA óýyóyí|5ë ô|Dê1òKOò D PJe]s5q~fLtCDzR qztv TR5u8q11N!zrzpRCUp5q
: dJ; #J}#/ï0íiî Beê*ï9ü|
W ï A Aï0ýyî-í DIýeî-ücî-íEJï A ë -î-õòíióð-î-ì|ì|óyí/ì|ê)ï9í ë]mü!ý(ï0_òcYSòí|_óZ
ï9ðEê(` bô|c1)ó Deõ ÿ9Òó5ó A%2
ð-óyüeôií|5ó A Yô|êcîì|ë ü5ý A îüóõîð0ï9ì|5î D P
ë "
ü QRTU5V
1Dòcò eJdED
ï-÷ : ; ù Wj5ó A î-ì|ôEï9üë D@IÅì|î A k ¼ð A ó<ð B0î-N
î-ñî-`ë büý"Dì|ðBòêò î |K"fî 1kfóye~í/fJöd1í|fLóDJï9þvõö)@ï9üSõ D
ïjò9òcòLí|A ë ë A ð0ï9ô|ë Jóydü ìD P2ë üQSRTUWV-]C!õ k¼ï9_Në í Yy_iñZ
: f;>=#úî-í|íEï9í|ëJï9ü
ôBXï0RLö z<A p5ë ì|r1ê K"uqî-üyYiôjT5ëw|ü õ w|=#yLë õq~î ug/Us
î-ï9p5Cí í|tvK*î0uvT5ï"Lï q~ücD-r<î-DyI ô ÿ0fìuó5óeA%|Emí ðEBeEêcì D)î D P/KYòò î]mk1óyfíJeí|î0Jï T5A y11
¼ô|RD ë qjòK"p5îíiëT5ðBA ê)q ï9[üüzî zmAUtCî-z<ì 1}ï9ô|î-ÿ0î-ücë ìDbùùyë õë íióeòGóyñ1A óeìD®ï9üõ3? ~?uóeñcí|ð-óyñö)î-ôië ìDIvî-ë ýyêeôiî-õ
í|ðBóyêñë òüD õ P¡¼
í|]Cóyöë ü
¢ð-îA AT5y1KRñ1qA p5ôiëò1TA îq¡ yë üG[ý
z zmë UühtCz<ï«GýeXî-ücRî-z<íEp5ïJr+A Ðòu8q£ñí|YiòGóyT5ì|w|î#w|aéyLq~uUsp5ì tvuvT5ë ô|q~ðBr<ê D
ÿ0ó5A L Dòò W f e 1 D5¤ð-ô|óyö)î-í
: J; b ùyêí|î-î-õcê)ï9í«ï9üõ# gï9í|ýyêî-ì|î5D!Ivjð-ë î-üeôú)ï9ë í|¥ñî-ñcî-ë üý ñì|ë üý
=jî<¦ð-ë ôJóyñüõ-óyöë üD Pë ü|QSRTUWVE[1]^YS_Z+Z¡` b1§5Dùyî-òô|îKö)î-í : ;¨? ì|w|î-í|y1ÿ9qE}î-u8í|ïJUìAp5K*ktvóyuhï0Tí/ücq~ÿ0îr$î-B~í|YiD|÷"T5©#êqë ¬S ýyzê}R<¼
zìiï9qEò)ü)Usî-ïJzî-BeDõmëòïLüò Dî- ôï9 üóyõÙíCByùì ! D < PYe }jëü/î-ì|]CêGi ï-ÿE L D'£D=jIv^Mî- ð-ï9Tîô|ªsKî(p5öGð-î-nóyíüyzô| zmí|Uó5T5A Aw|î- õ «
: ;3 ?uí|ñ15DSIÙð0ïJA ð-ñ1A ñì!kóyíjüî-ô
ë ì|ó5A ï9ô|ë óyü D P|]CnERp5qErp5UtvuhT q~óyríCTBmq$õ]<îqA¬ï-T5÷RÒ w/þ pøjthuvî-T5ôq/ óyníCEB*zT5îARî{5K"D-ÿ0î-ó5üeA ôiìë L ü D
òò s dJe W DJ®Þï9üyñ)ï9í|÷ óyíCB¹õîA ï<÷G þ|þ ) øjî-ô óyíCB"îA îKYî-üyô|ìë ü
: < ;3~ ?í|ñL5DISð0ïJA ð-ñ1A ñìikóyíJüî-ô
ëòì|ò ó5A ï9 ô| ë óy ü e D P|dW ]CDJ®Þï9
nERp5qErp5UtvuhTq~rTq$]<q¬T5Rw/pthuvT5q/nEzT5R{5D-ÿ0ó5A L D
y
ü
)
ñ
ï9í|÷ : ;3©#W HGê)ï9üýEDE[zR¯uUszS°-u8r<Uu x u8qzr~¬JT5RQ!p5U1ztv«v[Eu8tvULu8q1]<qEtCzhRp5tCz<5«
[zR¯uUszr-ztvT5Rr a
êL=Ùôiêî-ì|ë ìD~±# ?1 ²uî-íCB0îA î-÷D : J ; #}#a
ï9í|îByêï9üõ- W ïJA A ï9ýyî-íDIÅýyî-üî-íEïJA ë -î-õ"òíióð-î-ì|ì|óyíbìiê)ï9í
ëKüñLý*A ô|ï0ë òcò1òA îí|óüï9óðEê"õî"ô|óð0ï9Òì|óî5Å D Pð-ë óyü'üeôiQSí|ó5R<TAUWë ü¹V]Cë üy!ô|Sî-ýy_íEYSï9ô|_î-õ*Z³ìiî-` í|bÿy´1ë ð-Dî-ÿ0ì/ó5üA% î-ô1 DóyòíCò By ìM/ô|ê< eî
1 D
ï9í|ðBê : dJ; @
jó9÷eïJA8Dù F/ïJK/D/ï0ücõG©# gjë üD-Ih=jî-ôiî-íCK"ë üë üý î-üõ¼
ôióÐ
î-üõ(õîAï-÷
öG¶óeñcT5üR5õr<ì~ë TüxOêT5î-q/ô|î--íióezýytvî-üT5î-Róy-ñpìqü/î-ô_ x~óyzíCRByp5ìtvD Pu8q1ë -ü3[EQS{5RrTtCzUWw·
VS§5tvµ]sq~tCzRqp5tvuhTqp5
[~yxLx~T5Rt1¬TR°µu 5«
u8tCp5~Xy~5uvT+p5q'¸uh1z<T5Dyòò J e J EDjòíië A : ;hù~ ÂóWA î-ì|ôEï9üëDIÐøjî-ô
ïJtvuhA ýyT5óyqEí|r<ë Dô|ÿ0ê1ó5K"A%ìD P¹~ ]mDyòò º óy5íCT5B" y1e Rõqî5 Ap5ï<D÷jñT5ï9qü)ýyñïJ[Aì|z÷yô ì|zmë UìjtCz<óJ|ka ï"X!ðRz<Aï0p5ìir-ìJu8óJq»kk¼Yiï9T5ë íSw|yw|ñî-yLñq~î-uë Usüp5ý «
: f;3©#1 HGê)ï9üý*ï0ücõù1 }jî-ì|ê)ï<ÿEDI?uó5K"ò)ï9í|ë ìióeü"óJkbíEï9ô|îjö)ï9ì|î-õ¹ì|î-í|ÿyë ð-îjõcë ì
ð-ë ò1 A ë ùÞüô|î-ë ìA ëD Pï0õcë ë ü¹ìQSï0R<ücTõ UWV#X$OYZ¼
[1]^YS_Z+Z³` b1½5Dyòò J e L D
: ;3=#
gï9íCK*ïLD¡IvFaï9ô|î-üð-÷¼
íBï0ôiîSì|î-í|ÿ0î-íiìM
ýyî-ü
î-ébíEî-ïJðBA¡ê - K"Jóî-õò î|A¾±kóe?Jí¬ù1? ï9
ü)?iïJSA ÷yF ì|ë ìC
Jk2ô|íEïjð+ì|ðBêî-õñ1A ë ücýÚïA ýyóyí|ë ôiê1K"ìD P
ó
5 ED-±# ? «
ùcï0üyôEï·?í|ñL5D/®yñ1A ÷ L D
y
ê
|
ô
|
ô
M ¿5¿( ð-ì|î ñð-ì|ð î-õñ~¿9í|î-ì|î0ï9í|ðBê~¿9êì|üLA ï9ö~¿9òñöLA ë ð0ï9ô|ë óyüì<¿
ò
: J;3G
óJk3ìiî-í|ÿyë ð-î¯ýyñ)ï9íEï9üeôiî-î-ìSë üÿyë íiô|ñ)ïJAÅð-ë í|ð-ñë ô
ì w| y1ë ôiqE?ðEu8êUíiî-p5ñ1õtv5uhDTücq~î-ICôr<¥u Deÿ9óeñ)ó5ímïJBeA%A ë ìôÐD ÷,
P/]mT5y1Rqp5T5q3[z&zmUtCz|XRz<p5r]sqÀYiT5w|«
E Dòò J dWJe W fDjñýyñì|ô
: ;hù F/ïJK ï9üõ# Ájë î5D!Ih²uñí|ì|ôì|ðEêcî-õñ1A ë üýEM jí|ðBêë ô|î-ð-ô|ñíiî«ï9üõÅïJA ýeó
í|ë ô| ê1K
kóyíbì ë ô|ðEêcë üý"ò)ï9ð<B0î-ô/ÿyë õcî-ó~D Pë ü/]C!S_YS_Z¡` b1§5Djòí|ë A : ;3=#*
y
ù
|
ô
ë
A ëï9õë ìSï9üõ #gï9íCK*ïLD'IÐúíEïJK"î ¼
ö)ï9ì|î-õÂk¼ï9ë í'yñî-ñî-ë üýEM
üébî î-S
ô|íBïjmðì|ðBêî-õñ1A ë üýïJA ýyóeíië ô|êLKkóyíò)ï9ðB9î-ô¼
ì ë ô|ðEêcî-õüî-ô óyíCByìD P
êyô|ô|ðBòê M -¿5¿J(î- ò | ±ð-ì|?Jî ù1ñ? ð-ì|
ð?i î-SõF ñ~
¿9í| î-
ì|î0L ï9D-í|ðB±#ê~¿9 ?êì|« üLA ùcï9ï0ö~üy¿9ôEòï·ñöL?A ë í|ð0ñLï95ô|D/ë óyü®yì<ñ1¿A ÷ L D
: ;

Download Report

Latency-Rate servers: A General Model for Analysis of Traffic

Paperzz.com

Your Paperzz