Biological interventions
Presented by:m.rizwan
Roll no;117101
Nasir mehmood
Roll no;117102
Department bs ;bioinformatics
Contents,,,
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Environment
Environmental biotechnology
Intervention
Microbes
Bioremediation
Endocrine disrupter
Pollution
Sewage treatment
Biological waste treatment
Genetic manipulation
Bio reactor
gmo.
Environment,,,
• The area where the organism live, interact and freely
interbreed is known as environment
• Basically environment consist on two basic component;
• Biotic component
• A biotic component
Environment – describes everything that surrounds a
particular organism
• Other organisms
• Soil, air, water
• Temperature, humidity, radiation
Environmental biotechnology
• Environmental biotechnology is the solving of environmental
problems through the application of biotechnology.
• the development, use and regulation of biological systems
for remediation of contaminated environments (land, air,
water), and for environment-friendly.
What does Intervention stand for,,,
• The thing which may effect the other things and bring changes
regardless of there aspect either it may positive or negative.
• optimization of the activities of particular organisms, or even whole
biological communities, to bring about any desired given end,
typically requires manipulation of local conditions.
Microbes,,,
• Microscopic organisms which uses in various research process for
new discoveries e.g. bacteria, viruses etc.
• Archie bacteria is most targeted due to some extra features,it
include.
• Methanogens
• Halophiles
• Thermophiles
Bioremediation…
 the use of microorganisms to remedy environmental
problems
SO How bioremediation is used depends on
1) what is contaminated? (locations)
2) on the types of chemicals that need to be cleaned up
3) the concentration of the contaminants (amount and
duration)
Continue,,,,
 Phytomediation
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Utilizing plants to clean up chemicals
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Ex: cottonwoods, poplar, juniper trees, grasses, alfalfa
Low cost, low maintenance and it adds beauty to the site
Endocrine disrupters,,
• there are chemicals, including xenobiotic, which still resist
degradation in the environment.
• This may be due to a dearth, at the site of contamination, of
organisms able to degrade them fully or worse, microbial activity
which changes them in such a way that they pose a bigger problem
than they did previously.
Pollution,,
.Pollution of the environment’ means pollution of the environment
due to the release (into any environmental medium) from any
process of substances which are capable of causing harm to man or
any other living organisms supported by the environment.
.the escape of any substance capable of causing harm to man or any
other living organism supported by the environment.
Sewage Treatment,,
• the aims of treatment can be summarized as the reduction of the
total biodegradable material present, the removal of any coexisting toxic substances and the removal and/or destruction of
pathogens.
• Algal Treatment Systems (ATS)
• Algae have principally been employed to remove nitrogen and
phosphorus from wastewaters, though some organic chemicals can
also be treated and a relatively new application has emerged
which makes use of their efficient carbon sequestration potential.
Biological Waste Treatment,,
1. Reducing the potential for adverse effects to the environment or
human health.
2. Reclaiming valuable minerals for reuse.
3. Generating a useful final product.
Genetic Manipulation,,
• Genes have been manipulated by man for a very long time, that is
if selective breeding, which has been practiced for centuries in
agriculture and else where to develop desirable characteristics in
domesticated animals and plants.
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Genomic libraries
cDNA libraries
Polymerase chain reaction
Cloning vectors
Expression vectors
Reporter gene
How are GMOs generated?
...uses tools of
molecular genetics,
- i.e. applied
bacteria and
virus genetics.
insert into plant
…via biolistics
- or -
Agrobacterium tumefaceins
Bioreactors,,,
• Any manufactured or engineered device or system that supports a
biologically active environment.
• Environment is more easily controlled
• Better control over density.