The use of a glucose-reduced graphene oxide suspension for

Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
!
%
&
.
!
/
"
'
#
&( ( )
/
!
0*11+1,-,0
$
**+, -
.
'
&( ( )
.
2222222222222222222222222222222222
3
(
9
4# 5 6,1+
+-- -0*--(
5
7
(
8 (
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
:
$
;
:
;
$
(
#
;
8/.=9
;
$
$
$
$
$
;
;
(
/.=
;
8( (
$
;
:
#
>(*
9
(
</3 &
;
8
;
>(>*
?(* @4
4 <9 ;
$
9
(
$
;
$
:
;
(
$
$
(
8 ( (
$
$
;
:
$
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
$
B
$
8
9
$
$
8 ( (
CA 0D9 ;
C
$
D
;
(.
$
;
;
C*+ ?D( .
-
8/.=9
$
(
8
;
$
9 ;
$
B
8 ( (
(#
$
$
$
$
$
/.=
$
$
$
$
$
( C1D9
83/ 9
:
(
$
( (
;
C,D( E
C >D
;
8
9
$
(
!
; ;
$
$
$
( #
$
"
$
A
C
8
D
9
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
$
8&
9(
:
;
$
C
D( = $
;
;
C AD
$
;
8 =
9&
(F
C 0D
&
G
(
C *D
;$
%/
$ :
$ :
;
;
$
;
:
$
$
$
$
$
&
;
8!@3/
$
(.
9( .
:
&
;
:
=
=
;
C AD(
.
$
$
$
8
9
$
$
;
$
C ,D ;
$
;
C 1D
C -D
$
C ?D
;
$
;
(
$
$
(.
$
C >D( 3
;
$
$
;
C 1
0
D(
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
G
8
9
:
;
:
$
$
(
$
8 ( (
C ,
C *D
$
D
3 8<
C - ?D9 $
$
9 C AD
$
C 0D
$
$
$
( .
;
/.= $
;
$
:
$
(
;
$
$
E(
.
;
;
:
:
(
$
#
;
(
$
;
:
$
;
:
&
(
;
$
$
$
;
$
/.=
(#
/.=
B
*
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
;
$
(
$
$
;
$
;
$
/
;
;
$
8G@3/
8
;
;
;
:
;$ ;
8%.9 ;
(
#
C
$
83-E
>(
;
(
*
(
*>;
(
#
*>L9 ;
-
4 <
>
-
8 =
>
E M?
;
;
J
;
>
$
#
E
>>>
0> E:
$
;
:
$
B
->K <
9;
D(
;
;
$
B
1>>>
#
;
9(
H >I
;
;
$
# 9
<
(
$
0>>
O >
O
,*N3
A>
(
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
8 =
#
9
;
(
$
$
$
$
#
:
8;
*
E
G9
;
,>N3
>
:
,+ > $
8E=
8M K<
(
9
;
<
P
9(
$
$
$
83/ 9 !@3/ 8E &
>(1+ (
M >>
+
>+A>
(
;
>>>
Q*+ * K
$
%. ;
9
9
;
#
Q A* ; (L
G@3/ 8;
,*L
( (
;
->+?>N3(
9
:
:
( #
%. ;
;
C 1 ,D
3/
8-*L G
;
3/
:
;
$
;
3/
;
;
;
;
(
;
$
8 #G %
#G
4 <9
/.= G
! 8 >>
9
<
$
.
;
$
/
$
!
+
8&
$
?
(
8>(>
( 'R R
,*>
9 ;
R9
'R R
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
;
8S&!9 ;
;
:
!
$
;
!
*A
"
&
#
'
0
A?Y3
$
=
;
$
(
$
$
8#)!9
;
>> <
*L 3
=
(
#
(
&
)*
$
;
$
B
:
8;
8X / & .T
$
>L
8;
/.=
1>1
$
G%9 ;
;
;
4 <9
;
$ %
33 =
>>K <
>(>>
9 B
(
G%9
(
M O >-
(
#
33 =
L
"
;
;
</3 & 8
8
$
8E= 1>>X $
$
S&!
$
=
/ "
B
Q >+? & (
$
;
( S
$
8 V W 01-(- R9
=&G. -0>
>>>
:
(
TU S
>>
+
;
9
B
?(* @4
1
$
$E
(
9 ;
$
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
$
;
:
$
A 80 *
8G
9
:
9
(
*
;
(
=
;
$
/.=
)
;
*
$
(
$
$
;
+
;
L
$
(
&
,
-
#.
$
/" "
;
$
;
*
(.
$
#
$
;
$
(
;
:
(
#G
$
/.=
!
$
(
(
#G
$
8M>(1
M>(**
9 CA> A D( #
$
;
$
(.
:
;
$
M>(00
8M>(A-
,
9
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
CA D( #
$
$
M (0
(
$ !
>(0
;
8M
8
$
#
$
9
CAAD $
$
3 C AD
>
$
(
$
$
9
C
D(
$
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
" !
!
"
#
(
,> N3
#G
>
"
9
$ $9
9
;
#
$
,*N3
(
A>
:
(R
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
$
#
$
(
$
$ ;
$
:
8
#
9(
$
$
Z
;
$
CA0D(
P
$
1
;
;
$ ;
;
$
$
;
-*
(.
$
$
;
(
;
$
$
=
:
(
$
E=
1>>
#
;
$
=
=
#
(
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
!
#
( 'R
$
9
;
>(*
$9
=
4 <( .
$
E=
9
=
#
;
8$+ 9
S&! ;
9 E=
8 9(
(#
A
;
38 9
$
#
(
1*(> R ;
A
$
3+3
3W3
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
$
(
$
$
1-(*
3+ E 3+ +3 3W
8
( ( =
1?
(
11(
1,
(0 R ;
W3+ E
( CA* A-D9( .
B
3+ E 3+ +3
3W
W3+ E
$
33
;
(. ;
$
A$9 $
8
$
#
#
$
$
E=
:
8#
8#
A 9
$
A 9;
S&!
1-(> R
= (C
A
3 +/ $
D9( .
3+/ $
S&!
$
$
S&!
=
#
8
;
$
(&
;
$
:
$ ;
;
$
(
B
$
$
;
# 8
;
;
#
(.
$
;
$
:
#
9
>
(
(
0
#
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
*+, !
+*
+, ,+
+, !
+,+,+.+*+
(
$&
) $
#%
#$
#
A( &
9 =
$
%
38 9
&
"
'
"
S&!
9
$9 =
9 E=
# (
=
;
B
( E
=
#
0(
;
$
=
*
;
$
8M *1>
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
+
9
%$
A
9
$
$
$
8M A*>
CA? A1D( .
%$
$
$
$
CA,D( .
. 4.%
:
A
$
$
.%4.
$
(. ;
(.
8
;
. 4.%9 ;
$
#
.%4.
;
$
$
(E ;
.%4.
;
$
(A? ;
=
(
$
$
;
<
;
8
;
,
;
$
$
$
+0
C0 D( #
+
-1-
( E
$
$
;
:
9
0
% $
;
;
%$
;
;
%$
%$
8
C0 D(
%$
;
% $
CA, 0>D9 ;
#
;
E=
$
3+/ $
-?,
E=
=
+
#
(
$
;
;
;
-
$
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
$
#
(
;
=
#
$
;
$
$
S&!
(#
M A>
4
8
#
0 9(
;
;
G
;
=
% $
=
8#
=
9
0$9
=
$
;
2
)
(
$&
) $
2
/
0
$1
#
0( =
9
$9 =
9 E=
?
(
4
(
/
8
;
;
9 =
# (
#
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
$
(
8 9
$
33 $
.%4.
(
$
!
E
3/4
S&!
#
[
[
>( 0
[
3 E4
33
>(AA
>( *
>(>1
>(>,
3 34
33
>(-?
>(**
>(>?
>(AA
>( ,
>( A
>(>*
>(>?
>(
>(>1
[
>(>0
(
( 1
(A?
>(,?
3
4
3 E4
=
33
:
.%4.
33
33
1
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
. ;
;
&
C0A+ 0*D F
C0-+ 01D
00
@
0?
A
C0, *>D
8
8
#
;
# \#
6
6
9
(E
5
+
+
6
\
6
;
;
6
E
$
;
(/ ;
:
;
83-E
B
;
-9
6E
6#
C* D5
6
\
83-E
?9
:
6
E
6 # 6 E6
;5
E
E
6 E6 \
.
$
;
#
*
(
$
$
$
;
8
9
$
$
#
& CA-D
= ( C* D9(
;
$
$
,
8;
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
3+ +3 $
=
;
# 9
$
S&!
;
$ =
(
6
#
\
6E
*( !
$
=
#
;
$
(
$
;
</3 &
(
$
;
#
$ G
$
(
8( (
=
=
E=
9
;
!@3/
#
:
G@3/
-
;
:
$
8M,A 1? ,
;
$
=
?>L9
#
$
E=
( 3
!@3/
P
G@3/
;
;
(
>
=
;
M 1L
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
;
$
$
;
(
)
$
$
;
;
$
$
#
$
G
$
$
- (. ;
=
;
E=
(. ;
$
P
:
E
M?
$
$
(
$
$
E=
:
8
$
;
9
E 8]?9
4
;
;
!@3/
;
:
$
C ?D( !
G@3/
;
$
C*A + *-D
$
*0
$
$
:
$
$
;
**
$
$
=
$
$
$
C*? +*,D( .
*1
#
E
8M?9
B
4
;
;
$
;
(
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
=
#
E=
E=
!@3/
:
!@3/
$
$
$
=
#
8$
$
$
=
=
=
#
$
#
E=
E=
# 8
9( !
$
; $ =
$
$
;
/.=
(
$
9
9
$
$
8
=
#
$
$
!
(
;
$
/.=
$
8
=
;
# E=
;
#
-$(
9 ;
$
8
/.=
9;
;
$
$
;
!
/.=
B
$
=
# E=
#
-$( E ;
;
>(
$
$
;
/.=
$
-0
(
?>Y3
4 <
(#
(
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
$
$
$
$
$
=
#
E=
;
B
;
(.
;
$
$
8-0Y39 ;
9
(
#
;
$
B
8
$
$
8?>Y39
=
8
B
9
=
#
E=
$
$
A
E=
=
(
(
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
7
-( $
$ $
9
8
+
!
/
4
+
;
$
)
$$& 6
+
(
=
$
=
;
#
4
4$
5
E=
;
$
;
>(
!@3/
/
)
4 <
G@3/
1>1
0 (3
;
$
( $9
4 <
=
#
E=
(
$
8#
;
1 :;
?(* @4
>(
=
"
</3 &
:
;
0
-
-4
-( 9 3
3
!
+
#
0
#
/.=
;
?9
G
$
8#
$
1 9
$
(#
;
)
(
0
#
?
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
( =
;
(
;
8
M*
$
$
#
;
?9(
A>
$
#
?
()
>
;
;
$
$ G
;
>
$
#
1 (
/.=
8
;
(
;
#
?
1 9( #
?
$
;
$
(
(
;
=
#
;
G
;
8
#
1 9(
$
#
(
*
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
#$% &
' ( ()*+
#
?(
;
>(>*
?(*@ 4
#$% &
'
( ()*+
0
0
"
"
</3 &
4 <
(
=
#
/.=
;
(
-
$
;
;
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
'
G
;
=
/.=
1$( . ;
;
4 <
B
#
;
#
>(*
;
(
;
B
;
;
>(>*
4 <(
;
C D
"
4 <
=
&
P
&
0
8
4 <9 $
>( * @4
*
$
;
;
/.=
;
;
(
@4
$
C D( = $
C AD
;
*(A @4
;
8-(-
1>L
4<9
=
&
(
>
=
$ ;
?
;
$
/.=
#
(
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
1( 3
$
$
;
1 :;
/
)
$
</3 &
=
=
< =
# 8;
>(>*
4 <9
9
$9
;
$
;
#
/.=
(
%
$
;
:
#
:
9( .
$
$
</3 &
$
;
$
$
$
$
$
9 /.=
8
)
$
+
"
4$
"
$
$
$
$
$
+
+
0
#
/
$$& 6
$$& 6
/
;
&
8
=
# ;
:
/.=
(. ;
1
=
# ;
8 ;9
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
8>(>*9
4 <
B
>(*8
9
1>1
;
E=
;
!@3/
;
?(* @4
G@3/
$
=
(
#
$
$
/.=
,
'
-
(
.
(
(
;
/
$
=
.
3
,
3
!
'
;
(
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
.
/
C D3
$
! T
!) ! ; $
# ;
3 #
=G
E(
(
X3
3
,1A^ ,5 >A+ >1(
C DF
) )
< R
$
=
P
1>
X=
)
CAD G
&
,,?^A,5
G
(/ =
C0D !: _
XT < ;
ET <
%
!E 3
X
# S
%
;
C?D
! %
!
(.
5
)
3
>>-^*5
$
GG(
,+A0(
E3( .
$
$ ( 3! /
>>,^A5A?>?+A? A(
$
$ (X)
3
>>,^ 0 5> >>,(
% %`
X =
$
;
&
F @ )( 3
$
X (
,(
%
$
C-D F
EG % =
>> ^ 501+*1(
(/ =
C*D G
$
)( G
3
&
<
5
*+
# !
R 3
$ ( 3! /
X
@E( .
;
>>,^A5 --?+ -?A(
A>
%/
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
C1D
=
;
C,D <
( 3! /
=(
;
%/
$
( % .5 >( > 4 A>> - (
%)( G
(
$
$
5
(
X(
( 8<
5
;
#
,109
(
,+0>(
C >D T
"T )
(/
C D"
C D"
G 3
<
T F
%
( E
;
> > ^ >50A-A+0A-1(
! F
T @
&
!
X F
!
S <
) F
!
<
F(
(/
<
" <
F(
G
5'
> >^ >5AA 1+AA A(
:
;
)
> ^AA5
C AD = $
X
>-+
0
$
!G <
'
X
" @
C 0D F
!
>
C *D G
E R
% %
E(
$
(
^ AA5-1 *+-1A (
@
F E
FG E
!& &
:3
$
% <
F
S F
&
X
E !
;
3
; (
P
E( !
()
P
3 %
<G
G
G%
A
P
> ^A 51***+1*- (
)G T
R!( .
%&
TG
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
$
> ^A 5
C -D &
=
+
,(
! G
/ !
=!( )
(
$ ()
X@ /
$
G
P
X &
=% 3
@ %
%= )
$
> >^
C ?D
@
( 3! /
C 1D F
"
;
> >^05*?A +*?A-(
!# %
S " < F 3
;
3! /
$
% )
!( 3
$
&3
(
> >^05A 1 +A 1-(
C ,D
( @
$
$
$
(X&
C >D E @ &
( 3! /
C D<
/4
5 ?A-+ ?0>(
(
$
TE <
R
3
) > ^
3 <
$
*5- ?,+- 11(
@ < G < S < % E
a #
3(
$
$
> >^050A ?+0A A(
"! G
3@ E
$ $
C D
3<( 3
( 3!
G
. P: ( (G
(XG
3
> ^
.
;
5 >,>?+ >, 0(
A
>
$
^A5 ->?+ - *(
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
C AD
X <
# <
" G / @
F F
S(
3
C 0D F
3
! #
" %
!( =
( 3! /
C *D
T
G
(3
G
> >^
!
5/ ;
5
A+
1(
> >^05 0 ,+ 0A?(
F!
!G
(.
(
3 $
>
*> A> *+A> *(
C -D
( 0
$
(3 $
C ?D !
=
3 !
C 1D
> >^*>5 1*A+ 1->(
F <b
( 3! /
$
XG( =
)
P
$
> >^0501* +01*-(
:
= !
! <
GG( R $
;
3/
3/
(XG
3
> >^ >5?A1-+
?A, (
C ,D
CA>D !
=T 3
:
= !
$
(G
!( #
3
E3 < X< G
= !
%
(X&
&
GX !
. (#
3
:
) >>-^
$
$
F
> ^ A>5*,1+-> (
E E
:
>51*A*+1*A,(
AA
G
%E &
J
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
CA D
(
(3 $
CA D G
G
> >^015*>,+* ,(
GX < X<
%< 3
= &
%E !
J
E3
=T
!
P
(
CA0D < % G
R < 3 #
G
G)
>>,^
P ! T
(/
CA*D <
# !
>>1^
:
$
T( 3
;
( &
$
B
>>1^A5 > + >*(
$
#
G
> >^ >5 +?(
X(
( X &
3
3
5 ,10 + ,10*(
CA?D #
$ (X&
CA1D !
=
G
>>?^ ,50A,-+00>0(
=) @
$
S F
X E
5A , +A ,*(
/
!(
3 @
G
S Gc
(
CA-D S
<
. ( !
(3
CAAD ! a &
$
3 = $
=
X( .
=
) >>>^- 5 0>,*+ 0 >?(
! %
%
&
=% T
=!( !
$
(3 $
>>?^0*5 **1+ *-*(
T
A0
T
X
" /
!
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
CA,D #
3 G
/
<
X3 !
T! =
R 3
!
3 < ::
G G
# &
! X
T( =
%
(&
=
=
<
>>-^,?5 1?0> + 1?0>*(
C0>D
3 =
!( %
$
=
( &
>>>^1*5* 0+* ?(
C0 D G
<G &
(&
C0 D
=
G
%
%
G!( =
>>,^0?A5* +1?(
% G
#
T !
=
3 X
;
C0AD
E
(/
3 @ : <( !
<
>>?^?5 A1+ 0 (
(&
$
(X&
3
3 >>,^ A5 > 0+
> >(
C00D @
!
C0*D
$
)
T
( 'R
&R(
( 3! /
>>1^ 5 01?+ 0, (
G
G( &
G
( X &
$
> >^ 05
C0-D
3
3
,**+ ,*,(
(
$ F
( 3! /
0 1>(
A*
> >^050 ?0+
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
C0?D
@
T
$ ;
C01D
&R(
5
F
(<
>>,^ *5 A1-,+ A1?A(
(&
(3 $
$
)
/X T
=( !
4
3
C*>D
3
3
$ F
> ^0,5 + 1(
C0,D / "E .;
:
:
$
G
> ^ -05A*A+A*?(
(&
=/
$
$
( X &
3 % .5 >( > 4P A> ?>? (
C* D F
a 3
X! <
S# )
E
X
XE( &
4
$
( )
)
> ^ -5A0*-+A0-A(
C* D = $
=) E
/( G
;
(
C*AD !
G
E
>>-^ *50-1A+0-,-(
3
)
/
R T
&(
= ! ;
$
1
)
% G
$
(X
, -(
A-
=
5
R
E
RF
$
&
>>A^--5 ,>,+
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
C*0D G
!
!T !
;
! )
$
T
3@ X
C*-D 3
?
S
$
C*?D T
! &
C*1D T
G 3
<
>>*^*5 -?-+ -10(
= E
X< <
;
(X
G &
( <
! E :$
G =
$ 5 :
#
3 =
(
;
$
G
$
! = $
3
!
(
!
>>0^??5
% F
)
:: 3=( .
$
-+ A0(
>>-^ 15- , +- ,A(
G( !
;
$
$
$
>>?^ A51-?>+1-?A(
%#
e<
;
=
=<( &
<
$
C*,D
;
,>
'3 3:
$
R X P
(/
X
$
T )
$
d)
C**D <
X @
G(
$
$
>>1^ 05-0>,+-0 A(
$
" G
$
;
P :
!( !
;
$
> ^ 5A1?+A,A(
A?
( X G
3
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
#
(
%
&
!
" #
$
$ # '%
&&
!" #