Chapter 9
Metabolic Interrelationships
Carbohydrate and lipid can be converted into each other
EMP
Dihydroxyacetone
phosphate
glycerol
Glucose
pyruvate
glycerol
Acetyl-CoA
3-phosphateglycerol
Fat
Fatty
acid
Acetyl-CoA
Fatty acid
gluconeogenesis
glucose
glyoxylate
gluconeogenesis
cycle
glucose
The relationship between carbohydrate and protein
 pyruvate → Ala Family
 3-P-glycerate→ Ser Family
 OAA → Asp Family
 α-Ketoglutarate→ Glu Family
 5-P- ribose → His
 4-P- erythrose
→Phe, Try, Typ
 PEP
deamination
Ala
gluconeogenesis
pyruvate
glucose
The relationship between fat and protein
3-phosphoglycerate
Aa
deamination
→→
keto acids
Fat
Acetyl-CoA
Fat
Glycerol
Fatty acyl – CoA
Dihydroxyacetone
phosphate
EMP
pyruvate
Some nonessential Aa
Other keto acids
 Separate regulation of metabolic pathways by
the cell structures
Metabolism in cytosol
EMP, HMP（PPP, HMS）,
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Fatty acids synthesis,
Amine acids synthesis, ect
Metabolism in mitochondria：
β- oxidation of fatty acid
TCA
C-chain elongation of fatty acids
matrix
electron transport —— mitochondria inner membrane；
oxidative phphosphorylation ——mitochondria cristae
Questions?
How do pathways regulate themselves?
MID-TERM REVIEW
Today
Review
Unit I : Structure and Function
Unit II: Metabolism
Discuss three questions or three topics
that you have difficulty studying
Unit I : Structure and Function
•
Chapter 1 Nucleic Acids
Chapter 2 Proteins
Chapter 3 Enzymes
Chapter 4 Vitamins and Coenzymes
Unit II: Metabolism
•
Chapter 5 Carbohydrate Metabolism
Chapter 6 Biological Oxidation
Chapter 7 Lipid Metabolism
Chapter 8 Amino Acid Metabolism
Chapter 9 Metabolism Regulation
Chapter 1 Nucleic Acids
Lecture 1 The history of nucleic acids
Lecture 2 Classification, distribution and
composition of nucleic acids
Lecture 3 The structures of nucleic acids
Lecture 4 The properties of nucleic acids
Chapter 2 Proteins
Lecture 1
Lecture 2
Lecture 3
Lecture 4
Lecture 5
Lecture 6
Overview
Amino Acids
Peptides
Structure of Proteins
Properties of Proteins
Protein Techniques
Chapter 3 Enzymes
 Lecture 1 Introduction
Lecture 2 Kinetics of enzymatic reactions
Lecture 3 Mechanism of enzymes –
catalyzed reaction
Lecture 4 Regulation of enzyme activities
Chapter 4 Vitamins and Coenzymes
Lecture 1. Water-soluble vitamins

and coenzymes
Lecture 2. Fat-soluble vitamins
Chapter 5 Carbohydrate Metabolism
Lecture 1
Lecture 2
Lecture 3
Lecture 4
Lecture 5
Lecture 6
Function of carbohydrate
The classification of carbohydrates
Glycolysis
The fates of pyruvate
Gluconeogenesis
The pentose phosphate pathway of
glucose oxidation
Lecture 7 Citric acid cycle
Chapter 6 Biological Oxidation
Lecture 1 Biological oxidation
Lecture 2 Oxidative phosphorylation
Chapter 7 Lipid Metabolism
Lecture 1 Lipids and their functions
Lecture 2 Lipid biosynthesis
Lecture 3 Fats/ Triacylglycerols catabolism
Chapter 8 Amino Acids Metabolism
Lecture 1 The Synthesis of Amino Acids
Lecture 2 Protein Degradation
Lecture 3 The Degradation of Amino Acids