Chapter 7
Reproductive
Choices:
Making Responsible
Decisions
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation
prepared by
Michael Hall
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Objectives
 Discuss the different types of contraceptive methods
and compare their effectiveness.
 Summarize the legal decisions surrounding abortion
and the various types of abortion procedures.
 Discuss key issues to consider when planning a
pregnancy.
 Explain the importance of prenatal care and the
physical and emotional aspects of pregnancy.
 Describe the basic stages of childbirth.
 Review primary causes of and possible solutions to
infertility.
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Methods Of Fertility Management
 Barrier methods
 Hormonal methods
 Surgical methods
 Other methods
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Contraceptive Effectiveness and STI Prevention
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Table 7.1
Barrier Methods
 Male condom
 Foams, suppositories, jellies, and creams
 Female condom
 Diaphragm with spermicidal jelly or cream
 Cervical cap with spermicidal jelly or cream
 Lea’s shield and FemCap
 The sponge
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How To Use A Condom
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Figure 7.1
The Proper Method Of Applying Spermicide
within the Vagina
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Figure 7.3
The Proper Use and Placement of a Diaphragm
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Figure 7.4
Hormonal Methods
 Oral contraceptives
 Progestin-only pills
 Ortho Evra (the patch)
 NuvaRing
 Depo-Provera
 Norplant and other implants (currently not on the
market)
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Early Warning Signs of Medical Complications for
Pill Users
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Figure 7.6
Surgical Methods
 Sterilization
• Female
• Tubal ligation
• Hysterectomy
• Male
• Vasectomy
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Sterilization
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Figure 7.7
Other Methods
 Intrauterine devices (IUD)
 Withdrawal
 Emergency contraceptive pills (ECP’s)
 Abstinence and “Outercourse” Fertility awareness
 Cervical mucus
 Body temperature
 Calendar
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The Fertility Cycle
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Figure 7.8
Costs of Contraception
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Table 7.2
ABC News: Reproduction and Childbirth
Play
Video
| Reproduction and Childbirth
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
ABC News: Reproduction and Childbirth
Discussion Questions:
 How does Plan B work to prevent pregnancy?
 Discuss both the pros and cons of making Plan B
available as an Over-the-Counter drug.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Methods Of Abortion
 Surgical abortions
• Vacuum aspiration
• Dilation and evacuations (D&E)
• Dilation and curettage (D&C)
 Induction abortions
 Hysterotomy
 Intact dilation and extraction (D&X)
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Changes During the Menstrual Cycle
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Figure 7.9a
Changes During the Menstrual Cycle (continued)
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Figure 7.9b
Vacuum Aspiration Abortion
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Figure 7.10
Medical Abortions
 Mifepristone (formerly known as RU-486) “the
abortion pill” – actually involves more steps than a
clinical abortion.
• First visit involves physical exam and dosage of
pills
• Patient returns 2 days later for a dose of
prostaglandins
• Females stays under observation for 4 hours
• A return visit 12 days later to verify complete fetus
expulsion
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Emotional Aspects Of Abortions
 Feelings include:
• Regret
• Guilt
• Sadness
• Relief
• Happiness
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Planning A Pregnancy
 Emotional health
 Maternal health
 Paternal health
 Financial evaluation
 Contingency planning
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Pregnancy
 Prenatal care
 Choosing a practitioner
• Obstetrician-Gynecologist
• Family practitioner
• Midwives
 Alcohol and drugs
• Fetal alcohol syndrome
 Smoking
 X-rays
 Nutrition and exercise
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Fertilization
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Figure 7.11
The Process Of Pregnancy
 Early signs
 First trimester
 Second trimester
 Third trimester
 “Fourth” trimester
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Prenatal Testing And Screening
 Amniocentesis
 Amniotic sac
 Ultrasound
 Fetoscopy
 Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
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Amniocentesis
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Figure 7.12
Childbirth Considerations
 Choosing where to have your baby
 Labor and delivery
• First stage – amniotic sac breaks
• Second stage – expulsion
• Third stage – delivery of placenta
 Managing labor
• Medical
• Non-medical
 Birth alternatives
 Postpartum period
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The Birth Process
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Figure 7.13a
The Birth Process (continued)
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Figure 7.13b
Complications
 Preeclampsia and eclampsia
 Cesarean section (C-section)
 Miscarriage
 Rh factor
 Ectopic pregnancy
 Stillbirth
 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
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Infertility
 Causes in women
• Endometriosis
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
 Causes in men
• Low sperm count
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Infertility Treatment
 Fertility drugs
 Alternative insemination
 In vitro fertilization
 Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
 Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
 Nonsurgical embryo transfer
 Surrogate motherhood
 Adoption
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