mm~~lV1'1EJ ~ s {} <2oo6 ~) pp .109-122
@2006 if:
B :¥Mf!fl~~~43;
Masako K. Hiraga, Metaphor and !conicity:
A Cognitive Approach to Analysing Texts
Houndmills, UK, and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2005. pp. xvi + 261.
ISBN 1-4039-3345-6
;;$:'!'1±, .f:'(!) 7 1 r Jvi1'1Fi' J: -J 1.:, ;( 7
i'JEOO-n,t:.:.t&·:d..::'b(!)-c~IJ,
7 7 - c ~rH~·ti (71
T"7:J... r, c<l.:t#s977:J... r(!) rtfliJ:€J,
~fi.X:jf~H'Ei', ~~~O B9fl)~iJ'!?J't.¢B91.:7HJTLt..::'b(!)"C."~J.>o
T7Ar(!)mJ:€~~. m~~u.
f.i\:# t..:: ,\';iJ.:,
aAt:.:.i.PI.:,
-t~J:-vt;,tfltllltJJllJl!!.,
;(5'77-, ~f~tL
~ht:.:.(!)ooa*i'•~~~•-J~f~i'A1*~~7F.::c--Jc
;;$:1'f(!);j'~;;$:89 !J:'~!Il §·tic ~f. ffl ~&i.JiJf~""-(1) ~itiki.l' J!
!J:'~:le~i' lilt Lj~Hf'J.> t..:: li61:-
:1:::. :r'r1-) c (!)f§~
-t !J:' v t;,,
~Mn
I? tt.. J: -J o .f:' l "'C, ~ (!) J: -J
8 ~~1: J:-:::> "'C~$EI91.:.fiJf~ ~ ~1.. "'C ~ t..:: ;( 7
!J:'-:::> "'C ~ t..::~f~·ti, ~hI? jllij~ i' *5 U'ft It J.> c IPl lit 1.:,
x~.fiJf~~= ;}3 "' "'( ~ -n,1v 1.:11'vh "'( ~ t..::W'a9 7 7 ;z.., r (!)t~~~~ c, fllr7r, rf'F~ J n%~ J
7
7 -
c,
~c3Hijjj 1.: ;}3 "' "'C~lJI,{~ c
!J:'~(!)m~~1*i'~~~lv-c~B-tJ.>::I~T"7:J...r~~ai'aL"'C~B~hJ.>T"7:J...r~lllt.
~hI? [l!lj~i'
'b m~ L,
- f!m(1)~:1C~EI9!J:-~7·Jv
i'tJ€:7F-t 7.> t..::li61:-
;;$:tfl±,
~??.~0 §~f.~,
~~- • .x~~~-X€~8(1)77:J...r~~ r ~:J...rMX€~•J(!):J~77:J...r~•~J:-~i'.
a~~~ • .f:'l"'C-f**~~mffll, .f:'(!)~a(!)£.i'mL7F .f:'-Jti'J.>o ~~~. ~ffl-M
~, ~"'"'CI±§~, :1 ~ ::L=-'T - Y 3 ~m~~f*l=~vJ.>, ;;$:'\f(!):i:~!J:'~M:iJ'1f1Ei'J.>(!)
t!..l::>-Jo -::>;!; 1},
~~4(1)77'0-1-, ~!l!fr~,(!)t§:iii'll1Lz "'C,
.f:'L"'C!M'I:,
rt~~ ~~ J
:M
r ~;z.., Hflir€~~J (1&~1±, ~f.ffl~ijj), 1l?.?.fwi31lf.~, MJfR~. ~~u~~~~J:-t,.i'~u), ~7.> "'1±
r 7 7 A r ~*fi J tt r:1 ~ T" 7 A r ~*fi J ~J:- e:·· c "'-? t..:: f~ IJ (!):tJ":\1., 1tJ.~r~m!£s9:J... T" v :;t 1
1 7' i' /ill.:t "'C, [l!ij~ i' ~:le~ t.,, 8 ~g-, ~g-m, :1 ~ ::L:::. 'T- Y 3 ~ (1)~1*1.:?!! 1::> -J c -t 7.> ~~
'1.1'. ;;$:ff(!) $ 1: fl!'l u~ 1: J! l±l ~ tt.. 1.> ~ c 1.:, ~ (!)~f'f(!);;$:•'1.1'~ 1.> t J6'. v ~1.. 1.> o ~ (!) J: -J !J:' 1i
[tl]l.:~-t-. 4-1&(1)-g~.g..fiJF~, ~f.ffl~ijj), :1 ~ ::L=-'T-y 3 ~w~-n'~u""'~iX:!I!fiJ'ItiJ'-::>"'C "'
J.> -c· ~ 1::>
-)
0
W.T, ;;$:f/3i"C."Ii ,
if~ - iln't'\
;;$:tf(!)ll!!fJI,ii';iFLt..::-J .:t -c, %0'£<
~ =!in-c.", ;;$:it=i1'*~
i'f.it#km~i3~~t~~-(1)~!£~!J:'*Bi'.UL, jllij~(!)~!£~, -t-L"'C~-~~Mtt,
-109-
~;f[J•Jii-I=JI'!Gi.PI:l.J.:v' o
• =m-e',
mt...,
2.
-:::>i IJ, v'::b'i,
*~~n""C'*~O)
I7:7A rJ c
l.."CO) t!J§-i-~
~O)e~~ ~ ~~7:7ArJ i-.IJffi~ o
~ f.]
-c li, *'~'O)~iiff.';'.i: 0)~*~ i- ~ L., ®tv' "C, *'~'O)t11J'Ji.X: i-, ~~ § Jr O)~c:iili ':?&0 "C :iili.r< --c
~
<o
if,
~f*O){)!ff[-z.>;b J.>i.r>, *:j:O)"fiff,~:$=-c;b .Q *J\:$:0)·~~1J-cajjHlH::iili.r<
Gn "C
v'oJ:"),:, *cj:O)~§'U, J:JTO)=:,¢.u:~3t~~.O o •~,:, m!Jtclix)c iffii~':::bt.:IJ,
;J. "! 7 7- c ~f~'t~Ui, §~frO)~ c ~'* c 0)~1* i"Wi'!i.X:~ .Q .:E~~~:f£i- !!X: L. "C v' .Q c v' ")
•=':,
.::.c,
;J."/77-c~f~tU±, 1§1H:r~05U'1tv't.:JJH!~-c<biJ, § ~!~~~n:;Jsv'
"C ~ ff;Jtil-89 ':t.&::b n .o .r< ~ ~ 0) -c ib .o c v'-? .::. c , ~ L. "C
c <l:~ftt.H :~.8 i- ~
--c .o .::. c ': J: IJ , .::. n i -c;f ~~H::J:.&::b n --c ~ t.:~~c i3 ~! c v'-? £~ ~ .:EJ~U\ ;; ~!-liJf~'= ;Js
v' "C J.E~ ~1Jl:l!i-:::>'lt i-1~--c•>.K ~ n -J .o J: -J ': ~ .o c v' -J .::. c, .J;J..J::O) =: .8i.l{, *'j:i.J{"ILZ.
'WU~iEL.J: -J c~oJlll~ilti89~.3:.5iO)ff[~-c- <bo (p. 219) o W.T, .::.nG0).:£5i,:-:::>v'"C, 11lll4
•=,:,
':IDtl~
L. t.: v'o
if, *-.8,
~~::b"S,
miJtcJ&)c
iffii~':::bt.:IJ,
;l."/77-c~fttt l±,
8~!0)~
c i':'*c O)IU.Ji% (ffili!U.l:l!Hi) i-Wi'!!X:~ o .:E~~~~i-!!X: L. "Cv'o c v' -J .:E5i""C'<b.Oi.l', .::.
nl±, ~ -s 0/v, v'::b~ .o I§Mf0)1fi':tU 7--t:, --:: > i IJ, §~!O)f**' §fl!O)~c ~P*
cO);tj'M)':~Gh.Q~JUlllti~c··O);~"J - ~Ii, §~H~I'l9 (~~7:7A Hl9) ~IZ9cli!U.li%0)
~~~,~~0) <~~0), ffi':O)) ~ 0)-z.>zli>.O c v'-? -1~§~nli, §~!~- f"O)ff/FJU9~!f#
~~i,
(-l.,~i--?;tr) ~~7:7A r 89~$~cO)~ft (~fjj,) IU.lf*~~~ ' l.A§'tm ( ~®'t)
IU.l1*1:
'J :/ .:z.- Jvl:;-m-tt
J: 0 "C li!llll~Nit Gn "C v'~~~,~~l'l9~ ~ 0)-c'zli> .o c v' ") u;~:·u£·,
Gno, l)!f\'; § Sif'FO) ( c <': 7- 3 1- A .:f-- ,:{"\';3!( ~ h.Q~il; ::f. ~O)Jtj!JJI!.~iiffO))
-!: c J! ~ ~ n "C v' o ~x~ ':;tti!J~ L. "C t.i, ~ nt.:.:E.5i-c·<bo o mJj;QO) J:
-J ,:,
~~*7-
IN~frO)ffg'tiJ
7
--t:l±, I §~~Ff:J cv'-J -W r~?J-!Ilf·0)§1'Jttii-1!!1:lf:~.o~x~c t...--c, .::.O)?J-!IfJ·O)§IDtO)r:J:l-c-~
~~ L. "C ~ t.: o .::. 0)7- -1:! i-fft*IJ L. "C, ~ ~- A sc-Jt~iltiO)~ftti c :J:§';t~·Ji c v' ") ;f!'lt~i- :;fdiH:t~
fflL."CJt$~Jt'FO)M~i-ff'?~~~7'J~i-·~c~o~-Jt·~~§WM~, -~,
i-A.:f--0) 1§8! ('F) 0)§1'JttiJ c
<1:
IJf~it§~!
<*)
7-3
O) § qf:•JiJ cv'-?7--t:i-Wl'IJ
t...~~1~7~~*~-~~0)~-::>--c0)~~•'*•~~-s~•>K~t..., m~.:E~>Kt3-tr~~
7:7 A r B9~1?91:J: -?"CDill~ftlt~nt.:l)!~c L. "C~~O)J;.~ GfJt$i- ~fll:ff!·::Ht"C ~ t.:
~2Jill § 8-N·*, .::. n Giffii~, sc-Jt. c ~i(j;D~8!*1i, f.ljj Gi.l'l:~:iHHi i-1-if--:::>O)""C' <b .Q i.l', ~0)
~:im·tiO)jijf;(f,i, 8c-Jt~ilti0)8!~-c~~~ G1£', ~~·til:;tt L. "C~ft•Ji c t§'tm·Ji ( ~ ~ 7:7 A
.::.c·r:-<biJ, .::.ni-~2-*a~~*0)8if~-c~-ttli, ;1. "177-c:i'DJ
(:!fr~, ~ki5L) O)~~·ti i- § ") .::. c, c ~ 0 ") o § v'i~.Z nli, llc-Jt8ilti c ~2JDf~·* c 0) r.ll 1: I±
5j{v , ~;f[J•Jii.J'ib IJ, iffii~li, 3!<1i l'l9~W~'i:i.§h "C ~, 'ill'lill t.ii!::rtDtii-1-if--:::>~*ff[;t-l:ft<
Ht<ift'l)
O)~~tii-§-J
- 110-
Masako K. Hiraga, Metaphor and [conicity: A Cognitive Approach to Analysing Texts
~
l'C
s ~! t i:!t~ t O)~t-*~ffU~ Vf v' ~o
l t..:ilt..? 'l,
lffii1\fO)~ffl.{~O)rdJI: ~;J:~ffiv 'ffi~
~~~h. E%80) •~ r~•ttJ tu~fi$0) •~ r ~~7 7-J. ~~..--cre%80)§~
r~~*~H~.
:t IJ :l
c~~tM!J!tO)£,¢.OJ tw~9infi$0) W ~
r:litft.
t~jJ,
.:.O) = :tHi.
~h-r·:n:f
~-~-~~~~o~h~~~~~. *•O)•=•~~~:~~~~~.tl~~~-m~:
7 7- J. ~ ~..- -c rmt~tt. :t IJ ::fJ t r ~ft. t:CJJ li. r~r.1}•J t
rt~9;n Wg!j-~ J tv'~~~ -:J t..:iJ!EiJiH:~~ ~.fi}f~1\ft..: "t 1:.: -:J 'l1ml4 ~IJ 41:.-li}f?t; ~ h 'l ~ f..:o
~O)t..:~. ~1~t£~~~:t~'t~~=~ l -c!tm~ :n -c ~ t..:gr.-1H~0)9iD~ilt, ~;g9io f4$1:: ~;;. ~ 7
7-~~ft. t:CJO)~jf~l=7st'. v'il'~h'l.t3~~. ir£1:.. ~ ~77-~~f<f', ~~=~~~u
9:Uf4$0) JW&, .fiJf?tliiUI'I: ~it..:, gr.%81:::: ~ ~f~tt~m:t~ttO)M?t1:7a t·mm ~ h -c v' ~
v' tv'~ ::f¥ ~:m.ti.~ilt!£ t. -c ~,, ~ o ;;js:i!}O)JJfJ*JfO)- -:> li. gr.{}~~~=: ~ ~f~·t§:O).fi}f;"G t ~?.?-~
WgF;·$1:.: ~ ~ ~ 7 7- O)iijf;"G t ~ aA~B9 1::: OOJ!l!ftlt ~ .:. t 1:.: I'J, !c%8 t N£~U i§ ·~!j-~0)
I'J,
r~f~ttJ
t r~
~
~~~-~l~.:.t~~I'J. ~l'l~~~~.:.t~:-:J-c. E%.tU9iniD~O)•wtt~
A-~~~~l'lh~~.:.t~~~o .:.0)~~~. ~~.
~~~=: ~ r~~:f'Jl'l'tiJ,
r:t 1)
1992; Silver st ein 1992) t .
E-% ••
t<~E-%a*O)iBA
::fj ~~~~~!hi: lt..:t§liff~O):(ijf~ (cf. Duran ti and Goodwin
~-~Df4~1:::: ~ :liff<f', ~iO)M~ t iltW*H=M~
l
~ ~:::.
t
'7.1~~
~hhli, -f~O)~i:t.J~illiH!I! •• :::J~.::z..::.?- - ~3./~~~ • .t3~~< 2li!!:#l\O)WMf :::J~.::z.
.::.?- - ~ 3 Y:tiJf?t0);'{7 Y 1
!],Ill 2005)
A. ~%fl'~: ~ ~~~~'7.1{!£ i :h~ OJfigttil{ffl.~H:.tr-11:~ ~ (cf.
0
;;js:tf~li. W.J:I::clt..::~~~ri:iJtH::: ~IJ-:::>'l, •=0)~~.¢.\, ~~bt, ~~77-t~
f~t!li,
ffi li l:::?* < Mlfftv't..::m~~~ I'J,
WDJ:lll~~H::: .t3v''l, •~a~n:::mvh~'"'-~ ~
~~~tv'~ .±.~'7.1~~ ~h. ~O)~§li00li1!0)~F*!Bilt,
1 ./ ~~lU~ (F aucon nier and Turner
h,
.±.1::: 7
2002) 1:1tH9/1l-:>-J,
;~· :::1
0)
.::.x. t ~ - -t- 0)7· iv ./ 7
~h~~X:~i'~ ~%-r·-c-r JH~ ~
A1t69~W'f'J=O)~W~~,f!f~iml'll!l"l~B91:~~h'lv'~o .:.~
l'l, J.
~77-t~
f~ttli, ~it- l:**h ~ -:J 'l .t3 I'), ·~· ;ffilil:~§liO)~;f1:l t
JilZ -:: > 'l v' ~ tv'~ 7- -t!ii{.Wd~iE
~ h~o .:. O)j- - -{!O);i:P;!c~ ~ C:::. ~ l;l:, ~ ~ 7 7 -O)~Ij)i~Jj!JflfH:::.t3v''l. M f~B9~? '/
l!./7·-~f~·t~ CM1t.1.11) O)JJlU.liH:.~-::>v't..:-1 ~-:; · ::J..:'f-?0)?-;; 1!./~-il'-tllt!OC
~~t~-:::>'lv'~-~~. )(~89J. ~77 - I:.:-:J-cW~!\-O)*;tllO)Mf~f~ (~f~89~fW) '7.1{
~~~ 1~. -T7:J..~O)J.~77-~ em•~> ~M~~~7:J..~O)~•~~m~~·~
7 7 - O)£)g;I:::I;J:~f~·t§:O)Jjj(~il'f'Fffl l 'lv' ~ - ~
-c-. Mf~B9~~M · M~RO)£ruH: J. ~ 7 7 -il'~-9-l 'lv ' ~ - t v' ~.:. t ~~ ~o
~l-c.:.O):~~.~-t~~77 - 0)ffili~~-A~.-~Vt • • cO)~~O)h~~
(, fHct~•O)rdJI:~I!I"lll£H:::~~h~tv'~~.¢.i:ii'J.lUij~h'lv'~o ~~b-t, ~~77
- , ~ l 'l%"1:::~fll:::fli[~~B9 ~m.¢.i: ~ ~ 'l ~:::. t 1:.: ~, 4- B i ~-g~~HiJf~O)Ji.l5fH::: 11 ~-$:
~ h -c ~ t..:1!f!cO)r",Jml:::. J.mi~~~fl- Ail''l'' ~ ~: -? 1:. ~ ~, tv'~ 0)'7.1'. ;;js:l!fO)•=O)iifli
~~~tv'~:::. t-~lj'g~hli, ~ ~
-1 11-
J~'t"<:li.JIJ,
~O)J:-)tj:)C1~E~B9~~~:~*aU'1tltt?n.Oo -~ A91:g-:::J -c
.:nli,
3!(1\'-)C
* I:J;o.Z -rim-*~~t.rx* v r\- ~ 1J- ~:j;j-=> B :<$:0)~1i, 1\'-0) f.Ji:t~Jn::bo .Z -rtF~eO)f.Ji:I'"JJX t
0) rdl O)~f~tt ~ .m~ tj:~~ t Jilt -:: J -r v' J.> 0) 1:M L. ·c Wi~O)~ li, ::1 / 7 lJ - ~ · ~.I. ~ 1J
-tj:~~~~ tL.-r, ~•O)••tifO)••tO)~O)~•tt~~O)••c.~.o.:t#~•~
.oJ:-J~, rm~~J tj:)C~,
um••
<~~, iliftUR$tj:~~~t.r) ti, •ENm~ o •
8~!H:ML.'lliiiJ ~j(89cJ;.tj:~if}lii=P.C.'±J~O) {ey([ti]i,)t5~v'
Bi~I=P{,±.~, if.Fi *{'±. ~O)NnHtH:1!t*U
v',
L. -r ,
(Derrida 1967, 1976)o .:O)J: ") t:t
~::itli,
t-: t
.z ~~· o 1
· J\ 1J .A tj: c.··1:WL
i~Hecv'-? ~0)~, ifJl'fN~!H:f!J} IItf.tMr.t~{,%~ff-~~O)t.:lt't"tj:C ~~tj:v,~O)~
~~~ , ere~~~O) ::J~~=~- ~3/0)~~c.L.-r,••~.o~W#<:li.J.o.:c.~m~,
7 r - t ttfttti.ltW;o O)flf:'!l h!i ~ .o 't"<:li.l 6-? .: t ~ mf~~
Oo ;l;t_:, '11£-=f~~'"("O) ::J ~~=~-~3/, -::>;1;1), .I.-'E-7"1::1/, 7;;!-/~-miJ:ff;{_,
.:c = ?'- ..t 0) 71 ::1 / tj: t', ::1 / 1:::' ~- ?' 1: ~ b .o 'lff~eO)f;fii~ li, i!f~eNEii-0) tj: ii'~O)#ift
1i O).i:W·tiO) J;. tj: I? i\ t <I:JJ!1-t0) ::1 ~ ~ = 7- :,- 3 / 1: Jolt .o jjftt£0).i:Wtt ~ ~~ <~
~0) J:-?
a L. ,
t.t.m1!H:J3v'-r ,
;;~. ?'
.: 0)1iJi.O)Jlf!.~1~0)£·Wti ~~~ L.~~ ~ O)'t"<:li.J J.> c v'-? ±.5i ~~ ~ n -r v' .O o (-I? tj:J;.
1: , ~f~t :t:~e <x*) li, *•c. fiil t. c
lf!llf (1999) ~ ~, ±.~ t f.t -:: J -r v' .Q.: t
~~af4$t ~e~E~c ~~1t L. J:-?
t ~;;. -rv'o
~ Jt~r. ~~it-: v'o ;I.
7 7 7 - ~t& -:::J -r v' .Q I' lilt
W.J:., /.ji::m.:O)W I§'~ t:t ~ .=.¢.0:-::> v' -r 1J!!ff({B91: :1m-"' t-:o :b\ 1:,
~ 0) JJI!.Bi?riB9, 7JtE~~ B9 t.t~t
(1985) ~ttP.!lO);: Co)
/.ji::eli, H erbert 0) Easter W ings, S h elley 0) Lou e's
Philosophy, "@:;f!O) L~O)*I!l)i: J, William Carlos Williams 0) The R ead Wheelbarrow, *2.
t~J!IJO)*DW\tj: c\ B:<js:mc~~ftO)lJ.)C'f 7 .A~ ~±t:t7H1TM~t L., ~.: ~0);1. ?' 7 7- t
·~=*~ -:::J 'li~:i!t~:i1§~t.: v' o
••0)~~~~~~*-?.:c~J:IJ, ~•0) <n ~) 'T7.A~O)~/ilt, ~MO)<:li.JIJ7J~ + ~
I::JOOt.rt-:~l:li,
<:li.lov'li, E.~9;anlfliB9tj:;~.777-Jll!fiJ¥0)J;. , 1."
li+73-'t"li tj: <, Ji!U::lt ~~JMt9 1:ffJC1t~ .o 7 7" o - -Ti.I{£·W't"<:li.l .o.: t ~ ~~iE L. J: -? t ~;;.
.Oo .:-? L.-r, ;'\-.A· 'V::J7"'J/O)~ci}tlflii: J:.o77.A ~O)m~7t:tlft, 1t!!.:IJ, 7;;t::J =
'T7.A
~O)ff/t~:JttfO)J;.,
.I.·7 - ~-0) <r;~./7~ · .A~-.AJO)~~•..t~~~~.o) ;1.5'77-0)7"v/~1/
n.o.: c. 1: J: IJ, • ftt'f .t ;;~. 7 7
0)1Ufttj:*-*JJ.1tv'O) ;;~. tJ = ;t. .A~ .:c~ ;Vf~~ .o ~nlflin{.rz: -r I? n -c ~O)Jlft~lfli~:~-::>'v '
7"~B~,
• •
7- t
.:nt? Ji!U::itiltf*JA A91:~1t~ n -r,
~ , M1t ~ tj: <~%• ~~ -=>2~n•~tj:)
ffilil:fliJ~ ~
U0)7J'tf,
••ttc;l.977-cO) ffi li~fflO)
7t11filqf v n .o 0) -r:· <:li.l .o o
L. t-: il'-:) "('
~
-r ;I. 7 7 7 -
Jlf!.i~ ~= ~
L. "( §
")
t ' *•li'
~J!l 89 7
7" tJ -7-' c
;;t::J=.I. · 7-~~0)7"v/~1/7" (~1t) Jlf!.~O)~a.;z;.~•fflL.-=>-=>, ~n~,
k:lllt.t!~7t~:~'t".!iH~JL., fiilll#l:, ilc~~~O)••,
m:!ilt 1: tj: -:: J -r v' J.>
o
<1: 7
J:IJD
nn977.A H·}:tlf~=~~1Jt~~.o, cv'-?
J: IJ f~$ A9 tj: v 1 ::1 7 · :J 3 / 'J / 0) ;I. 7 7 7 - · .:c ~ Jv 1." li t:t <
- 112 -
Masako K. Hiraga, Metaphor and Iconicity: A Cognitive Approach to Analysing Texts
7
(Lakoff and J ohnson 1980; Lakoff 1987) ·,
=- .L •
:t ::1
-7 - T - (J) ;tttll. J;. il'!lffl ~ n -c 1t' ~
-~~. -~(/)~~ a~tt. ·-(/)~Rtt(J)~Mi~00~~-~-~~7~o-+~~~
::.c,
-::>1~. gMf~::J~.::r.=-7"-~3/~J!'*c'-''-J{>(J)i, 1lJJ~I'I~PJ~:i!M~cl"Ct'E~~
1tJi [t.i] t~t5m"' {> (J) ~ ~ ~ c "'-? ::. c, -f l-c, -f (J) J: -? ttiliJR A9 tt J&l*1H:: .:13 1t' -c:m:~ t.d9:ll!O i
-~~R4(/)::J/~?~~ ~~~
.:c7 Jv-r:·~ ~::. c, 1 t::.,
~
:7 ~
<•M. tta.
~ HJ'I}Jilt~ ~.
••~~•tt~ i•~~~~Mfma~tt
;~.
-7 7 7- £J.:$''f.(J)g~lfffl.* (Md!tt c'(J)fff
-~"·~· ~·tti{>~~~Mf-~&·tt~ {>~~l~Mfti{>-::>Ra~~~::.c, ~
c'il''*lf~h"Cit'~ (p.
222)o
-::>~·~::~ftttc~?~ Ht11fi::!Wl"CI;;l:, :::$:l!l'li,
H~fttt (~ itJ.l t::.~~(J)Jx:{l)
~?~ ~(J)~~J:\:A9%'.iltff-~r\-7 - /
c "'-? '1F1it~::-~~~~ liiUJH::~-::51t'"C~f*'lll ~7Hif i1'f -J ::.
ci-t-(J)•~c~~~::J~Y/(J).:t7~~Ml-c~~n-c~~r~?~~~•J . r:1/ ~?
~
~ :7 ~ ~ l!JIH'F~-?~ :7 ~ ~ 1W~$t(J)~9;DJ&l*!E c
HHJiJ c "' -J ;f!t*IJ i,
"' -J
::1 /
~ :7 ~ ~
~-~i~~-~~?~~~fi~M~l. a~ift~(J);tt&;;.~t:E~tt.:B~::.c~J:?-c,
~Ril~~c'-''-J~~i*?"C'-''~o -t-l-c~~~::,
::.nli,
~c~~iln:J:~~*'llltt~?~ H·}
~i. -~~~fi(/)~fi~{>~~~::.c~J:~, •~(J)~?~~~~(J)*$iM~-~~c
'-'' -J *R":lfH::~il'~o
PJ....t,
:<js:i!f(J)~'§',
.:13 J:
u·~t.t;aA9tt.f4'H:-::>1t'"Ciffi~t::.o
M!I! 1: ~!I! n -c .:13 < a :::$: ~ l;;l: :::: ~II il'
~ }lJ/:
? -c .:13
~ , ~- ~
-::> &'l:::<js:!f(J)f1/fJiltl:-::>1t'"C {>
c
m=¥
(Framework) ~l;;l:, ~{if'([)~'§', ;p]f?'E(J)JJI!J~A9~:!f<, ~;j'Jf(J)Mft,
c il' ~ JlJi: ~ ~- t~
:¥:~~ c·(J):tn::1F, -f l
"(, ;{- ~ ~c~~~(J)~~ c r$if~t1J .jjl,{~(J)mrtm (cf. Lee 1997; Pa rmentier 1987) , ~ ::1 7'
y / (/) r~o9#.1Hi~J (J):jl}~~ (cf. J akobson 1960; ~Jill 1989 [1981])' 7 :t ::1 =..I. . -7-7(/)~ v /71 / ?'Jll!a(J)ij,ijJWttmaJJ, ;. -7 7 7 -(/)7· v /71 / ?'Jll!~~ t $if~ttt iM~ l
t.::<js:~(J)-'E-7 )v(J)fJ!7Ftt c•t~t~ ~ n "(lt'~o
-::>-::5 < ~=~~ (Analysis)
l;;l:=~ <~=- .liiit)
il' ~ :m!ilt ~ n -c "' -c, m-~~ -r:· :t~t1F ~ nt::. .:c -r )v 1:£-::5 ~, s :¢'Mf L*Mf(J)JlliJt~ :7 ~ ~
(J::iffi) (J)~roH:t>t.:~~*'llltt~~il{:it1'f~h"Cit'~o ~=e~. Easter Wings, Love's
Philosophy,
1'FfiH :J:
~~: J: ~
r.l~!(J)*'li!-@:J
tt c'.
fm-:::>(J)~ :7 ~ ~ t~<,
c'(J) J:-) 1:.
!lli'H~tt c;.
7 7 7-
(J)~IHi
~mr&:~n-c"'~il'ii{~HlU~nt.:(J)-1?,
f:~(J)ff.HJ-@:J (/)~He
-::::>-::5< ~rm~~. ~Jt(J):tJiJtl'l9tt~~. ~
(il·tt. il*) (J):JUH:~~ 1.J 7-7 1:£-::5~, ;~. -7 7 7 - ,
-f l-c c < l:~f~'t!H:1MJ& l"Cf'l'ffl~ ~1Ji:W: c
~'*(J)f1iJJ ~ il~mrt~ aJJt~·~
n
"C'-''~ o ~ 1ilii~
l;;l: , if~ffl.~ (phonosymbolism ) ~. ~f~·til: J: ~.g-(J)ff4:iiHti ~11f l, ::.::. -r:·l;;l:, Jijt
c :'f.'*(J)JiijTifi 1:J:If;,¢.i: i
~
-c -c ;~. 7 7
7 - . ~f~t'.£(J)f1lfJ ~ t~t~f-:iffi ~ n~ o
-t- l-c w....t i
~~t-c.
=~ <m~-J\Jit) ii'~Jilt~~=:g~ (Further Issues) ~~;;l:. ::.ni~(J)MH~(J)~*9c.
-f
~--~m•~tt~;¥:#ij,ij E~h~ o ~~iit~~. Jt~t•M~J;.~n~;~.-777 - c~•
ft(J)1H1i1'Fffll:-::::>1t>"C~~il~1'fbh. Jtt.t;;~.
-7 7
- 113 -
7-(J)~Ufiru!c. T lfl~~H:.:Bit~}
-7 7
7-
c ~i'H~o:>OOJ ~ i?~Effii!zli ~ n -c"' J.J o
r.. "' &: ~ n
i'Hln~'i'Jt*s9 ~= ~
-t-o:> J:.
CJ:8c:&:~?.), ifJif~·li c
~ ~~wn:~·::.r~,
~-1-'*1-\';~:.t:Ht J.,
::J
~0 < ~-t~l" !±, i1f'f:~=~.\'H:: ~ -c -c1!:1=E2. i"'i 8!fo:>r..~
it.=, '"'< 7
Jv-J\ :-- ~
~ ::L:::..-7- "'./ 3 /O)il;
~1<t:o:> 1~H':Ji?'MilfH:m~G~'L't",
iiEc ::1
~ ::L:::.. -r-
t··o:> .;< r 1
"'./ 3
:-- o:> ~i*n~~*
~ ~'t,
7Effii89~ilfil~~= tdt{1~ l>·~n~l?,
IJ ;fif<i?~flt~~ n 't"v'l.Jo
Ji1~~:~J\:i$:"CIJ: ,
*if
§8B·ID!~::J ~ ::L:::..-7-"'./ 3 :--ttJio:>lllUmo:>:/5illJnt~ll~~n-c
~JJ:, *iio:>I*J$~tyj!jH:~:B11-l..t-:o ~~·,:::, E2.!zlio:>~H.¥~
177 A rJ
7)>1?, .f"~'L~~
IJ~<tl~-~~I::J/77ArJ~c~mL, *eo:>M~ ~-~J ~'"'<7oe~~~~M
89:it~H.¥o:> 7J: n'i:tl~1t ~t t-: '-''o
'9 ~ b i:J,
_t l"ff-
L t-: J:.
~
lJ:i?'t-: i:ll"*ifn{;j~-fr~ ~.71- t-: ~:.?.
~§m~c2%•o:>•~~~*•~•mL, ~*o:>•~~, ~J:.ue•~~Mtt, a~tt~
llJl Gi?'i:t' J.,.::. c ~: J:. IJ,
*'lfi?'~~o:>:#<:l!!! ~
*iro:>~~-~891t~~HJl~'(H:-t l.J o
< 7F L -c .71--ttt.= J:.-? !:,
Ec%~iilio:>~~OC~l"ili.> J.J~iH~11 c, ~~.9;a t.!f~o:>
9=t-L,.:EM!-c·£li.>J.,;< 777-, ili.>l.JHiJ:.IJ -~!:1±, 82.%Eifuc~:.?.9;Dllr$, ~*!Hmv'8lD1i,
*-tiSIHi ~ ~T (cf. '§'IDJ 1999) o L i?' L ~i?' G, Sc%tifu c E~9;nn~o:>;f01i.~:l!tl:liffl.:ff i -c·,
ili.> i IJ It < llJlD!i::: s~~f& ~ n -c li.::. ~ i?' ·:d.: c g;b ~--J., ~X.~ "' o ~-tf.f" 0) J:. -? ~4T:f~i?'1:. t.
t-:o:>i?', .f"o:>JJRI!Hi, *tm=o:>J:.-?~:il:'t"i?'IIJ!Gi?,~:L-cv'l.JJ:.-?i:, Jll1.SifuEI1<t:, ili.>l.JHH111.
Sifuo:>tlnH:ili.JJ., §E!Wl~ c'!:::-c·li~ <, J][g"ffiio:>~tt~, ihl.J Hi~Siili~Iflt IJ ~ < tl~ffl:tJH:>K
361? ntl!i~ G~"' o .1-.:rr, i"'i8B·~-L<~!I!o:>JJ!!Jffii~~l3--t J.Jtl~~~c fl!lll·~ /t~)-6.::. c 1: J:.
IJ, .::.o:>r.,~M!~~>KL, *1!to:>'b~e~89.Pt;~liJfl11::Lt-:v' o
i flft{?H:Jif 13 T~~.::. c li, v'b~ 6 l.fflfill .:E ~J ~1:.PX:Jt¥*~ c'o:>MA.:E~o:> §8!$
c,~:/5, 2%., H~§H~, ·~3:.-o:>§H$~~, .::.ttG~*o:>M~o:>~-~1±, §
8!~E'8!$o:> Elfiftti ~~ 6 r..~Jrnntili.J IJ CMey 20o1), ..:c L -c.::. nl±, J#r~ B'-1 ~~r..~~!lll· c ..:c
o:>~JfJ-'eM~o:>;iE~, ~t~ c
v'-? r..~Jrn c ,
i* < ~-9· L -c "' J., c "'-? .::. c l" £li.> J., o llJl
~H'f.; 7J:i?' G
l?i?'i:::, .::.ttlij/'~ < c 'b'&~:73'8(]~:1itl~B97J:r..~M!l"ili.> IJ, ~~~' tl~~~~JJ!.~l"ili.>l.J o
T~ b i:J, ~ <o:>tl~$*~11f$*t.: i:l n'm11'ill L -c ~ t.: J:.-? ~: (cf. Koyama 1999, 2000, 2005),
W?$ili:{-\';, ~~: 191i!:~:CWI!X c v'-? tl~e~897J: ::J /7 7 A H:~v''t", ~lh~o:>J#r~1i::i?'~-~~
1: :i1Hr L, 4- B, ft k i?~9;o-::> -c "' J., J:. -? ~ ~l$, t.: c X. l;f I§ ~B·~ J ~ c'i?{1:.PX: L. t-: c "'?
.1Ji-'~i?~, i f;pu:g ~ ntlli~ G ~ "'o t "tl:> !v, -t-o:> J:. -? ~~1ti?~,g.::. ·:::d-=~1!1 c L -c, ~
r..~ i*Jli~O)./m 00 'b -
5Eo:>1.ltJ!lU ~ 5!U-: L t-: 1: li i:J ntv' 7J: "' t!. 1:> -? i?\ .::. o:>~1-ti?~, ~r..~o:>;.,. ~ G
ft±~~1<t:i?'J# r~11::o:>!WJ ~ ~ 7F L t-:~JtJll" ili.> J.,.::. c i?' G 'b 7ti?' 6 J:. -? !::: , .f" L -cit-:, *r"~
c "'-? 'b o:>i?t, 'iit~:9.lZJ.Jt:l:~89~ffH: J:. 0 't"!!.\Zl.Jt±~89~:k7JlTl"~1f ~ nl.J 'b o:>l"ili.> J.J c "'
-? EJI3Jl o:> ~~i?'ff-P~T J., J:. -? 1:::, ~_mgu:J#r~11:: L t-:*M~ll!f c "'-? to:> ti, 191i!:#2.W-Il~o:>t±
- 114 -
~
Masako K. rliraga, Metaphor and ! conicity: A Cognitive Approach to Analysing Texts
~~~(J)ffit5!:89m~~~J, t±~ .5!:1'19Jlgn:- i!i.> .o
C:, !ftf:fj·::nt .o.: C: iJ>>t" ti .o (Kuklick 1991,
pp. 27, 36-37, et passim) a ~ L. ~ -f-? 't'· i!i.> .0 ~I? li', ~r"~' t;f-~(J)~~$tu: L. -c (J) 13 t~tt I#
r~ttcv'?::Jt.:tli, ml1ll:.5!:1'19~, %~1':19~~(/)'t''li~C !lf51:89, t±~,5~:a%:;ff!M1~~n.o
~tittK(J)~(J)~i!i.J~, -t-L.-cm•, c<~~~~,u~~, A~~, -t-L.-c sa~~~,
19 i!U:2. (J) I# P91~ (J):iJM~ (J) *1i :Jill:, 19 i!U2.* il' I? 20 iU2. (J) :fJJ ~ 1.: il' It -c rOC fl. L. t.:. A r&J t4* (J) ~
:tl£ 1.: ;f31t, -c, El W:a9, :w. r~ 1'19 ~ ~ r,, (J).:!? ~ ;n.: M-t .o ~~it'*' L..li. -c, -t ~ v tj, El 1-~tt, .w
v'-? ;m$ti 't- ~fiM1~-t .o ~?.?-~IUU9 m-~f,iftr89) ::E5N;f3 J: u-•~~li, t.:. e: x. li''Pl.J>5'1:i <t:iii
~tt), ~~tt, :m•tt ~*11), A~tt (ft~) ~~(J)~(J)T~, .:.nJ?(J)*~(J)JOCfL~
r~·Ji e:
*'
~~~~n-cti~ o ~~~Y~~J:.OY~~-~mfi~ Bm~ B9~~~M~, ~~-~
••~-tj~~n~~-~.J:.0*3A~~-m~~sm*~~••M~, *7~, ~~7~*
(J) sa A~~-~.: J: .o,
7 *r1~ c'(J)t±~ ~-a!~:~n:
J: .o-r 3 A~ ~-:tJt!J!IJ~ s a-Tf e: ~j:~ e: (J)~§~(J)~~~ e:·t~{ff--t J: -? 1.:, s m~ ~ ;; t.:., "f(J)
s~fl-c u~, ~1~(J)~fl~t.r~tY~.JiJf~,
fYtl;.~ 't''li ~ v'o
L. t.:. t~c) -c, 19 i!t*2.*il' 1?4'- a 1.:~ .o wm~(J)1'f ~ ti!Hi, 19 tt*2.1.:1@.: -:d.:. .:~n~ 1~ <e:,
i"ni.:M-t .O~Mll:fl L..li. -c) C: v'? f±~~B9 ~Jl~H.: J: -::> -c ~ffi < 1!):£ ~ n -c tit.:.~ (J)~ih 7.>
C:i.:t.O o 0;t~ , -fnPXHIJii, .~,:ID·~~ill:~fi~c· I.:J: -::>-c , )(1~, ~~' Jlf~, Ar.O
~e:·e:;tH.:~JF~~n-cv't.:. r.:e:1i'J t~{, .:(J)~WJ, 19·1!!:*2.1.:, ftt!t~,GW~~~~n-c, rs
a!~ J e: ", ? - fml (J),W r~ a9 ~ ~p,91.: J: -? -c rvf~ ~ n .o J: -? 1.: ~-? t.:. .: e: , s ",t~ .:t ~1-1t, .:
cli''d:-, i-tt~~~~<~~, ~~77~1- <t±~, ~1~, )(~, !lf.5!:, Ara,, ,c.,~C:') il'
J? w~ ~l-t.: e: 1.: J: ~ , Jli:Jl ft(J) ~·att~ liliX:.li. L. t.:. e: "' -? .: e:, L. t.:. t~~-? -c, -t- (J) J: -? ~ ~
r,, 1.:;J3"' -c li, -t- L. -c!M'1.:, 1970 ~1-t i ~ s m~(J) ::E.Vlii*~.:!?-? t.:.~Jt::E~fi e: lif-li'tt.o 3t
~~fit.:. tj 1.: J: -::> -c li, .: C: li'li, )(1~~ ~ ~ ~ .=. 'r- ~ 3 ~ ~)(~~ Ar.O C: lim!:i2IB91.: L.
ii'!Mlt%'11 ~ M't.:. ~ "' ~ (J) e: J'i!. ~ ~ nil'tj "Z'' ih-? t::..: e:, -t- L. -c -t- nl.: ~ il' il'v G-r, -t- (J) J:
-?~~g~ i m~, EI•::E•B9~%Jt::Eft89~im~~(J)~w, -f(J)fi~•~ ce••B9)
~ "' L.t±~x1~.5!:s<J ~~13M'ti cmu£tt) ~:tli:Jm-t .o .JiJf~fit.:. tj t~'tt=1E L. "?-::>lt-c ti t.:. e: "'-?
.:e:, -t~vtj, .:e li'~, x~~c·(J)~~Jta97j:1tJIIJ tt~J:.(J)~(J)~ih.ocJ!~L.-c, x1~,
*Etllll <§ t't.\lll), ~-tltt ,c,~, qf~, x~~ e:· e: (J)~f*l.:;f3v'-c~ X.wHtt.:. ~8!~~t.:. tjt~~
:ff{EL.t.:.C: v'-?.: C:, .:ttJ?(J) -t/f (J)!Jf5e,(:jgl'j:$~~li'(tl~~t'.O.: C:il~~ti .O o
-fL.-c.:nJ?(J)m-•li, ,t;JT(J)!IY"?(J)ifi;-JUi~:iFP~L.-cv '.O c .~,btL.O o ~- 1.:, ~·~< C:
~ 19 ttbt-2.,t;.A!f! (J).Wr~1~ L.t.:.U~I.:;f:3v'-c, ~~!A...(J)%;:\89 ~ 7 ~o -1-liM GiJ>(J)JE~·Ji ~
M'0 ~ (J)~ ih .o e: I! < ~.r.~ ~ n -c tit.:. e: "'-? .: e:, L. il' ur~= 1.:, -t-nt~~~RW- ~ ~"? ~ (J) ~
.:~? .o.: e: ~, ;; t.:!! < Jm~ ~ n -c tit.:. e: v'-? .: e:, -t- L. -c m.::. ~.:, .wr~1~(J)~ft~.:;f3 "'-c,
--
%JOt~~, El•~~7~o - -r#::E7m~~~.o.J:-?~~-?~•*' -t-n~ML.-cm~~~,
.
"·I
i
~A...(J)~~.g- AfHJ~89 ~ 7 ~ o
-1-li, .:t -c L. -c ml:i2IB9 ~fsl:f~U.: i'lil'n,
-ll5-
~.g.~ n~ v'53-i&
~ ~~tH·:ff-
~0)
r ~'' 7
L. -c ~ t::. C."'~ .: C., L. t::.i.IL:J -c~lm ~.:,
~1
.z,.J
~~-u~: ~-tt 6 t::.&?~.: l;;t-
o -7-~~~.:M'*~ -tt~Ht 6 O)l:li~ <,
.13-t- e;,
c
.W r~ ftO)fi.H\':!-.:J.~~ O):iti:{t~ ~E'~:p]f
~;r.ta9~ 7
7o --r Urt1ra9~ r:t
~6 "'li~1r~~7 7o -f- O)Ef-1Etltl!iLB9 ~~xt~
~-$·~~~(0)1:~~<. ~;A:~-~~77o -7-~ Mmt...~6l~~-.g.tt~M~.
L. il' ~ '§"~{tO)J~:r.\B911!1JOO ~ ~t}J ~.: '2J. '€! L. ~ 6 l ~ ~, kft1rB9 ~ 7 7 o- 7- ~=~-::> < J.iE~ Hflf
~T6£·~i/{~6.: c, 01 1'), t::.C.X.Ii, W~~D~l1l-*-?~c%Eiili~c--0)~(~1rB91't T:1 o -7iM1r l...,
-t-t...-c•m-?~~O)~;r.t~~. r•a~ J ~-OO~ML.-c~+~tt~t}Jtt~M-?l
~ ~J1!.t~~fflt~T 6 £·~7.1~~ 6.:
C., JV.J:O) J: -) ~tfllfmil',
Jlt~B9 ~#;tti5 C.
l... "L:ff-P~ ~ tt 6 o
-r-t...-c.:.O)l~~&••~ .H~~ ~ ~~-h~nt?t...-c. m~O)ft40)~mu~O), u~
~1tB9 ~. f-t~ ~l't
l fiffifffi!J
7.1~7RU t?tt6r(~
t!.?-? o
[?!.~D s~!~C. tC.%t~C.
iM1r L.. 7 7
~~~fic~~77~ ~~B-Aft0)~8iM1r-tt~c"t6*•0)··~· .:O)l~~e•
~~. H~~~~~-hO) $ \:, ~~-:fltt?;11.6r(~ ~O)I:;h6
Rl:i1161t2.L.t::.~
X. 1:, -f"O)l
~ ~ 191llJcJV.fl~O),W: P,ftO)~ft~.:.t31t'"l, *~~--?0)*5
~1L¢.i:c -t 6.: c.t.:~6 tc.%•0)f~Mc, e~of4$0)JH~ •
~t::.il•, JH:!E~t.:ID0-c,
Rf,
C.-gX.6 o
.: ttt? jllij~li c'O) l
~~=~lilt
Mlli~:J!-cl-9>~t::. 1t' o i-9Jli:ftt:.t3~t'"lli:l3 ~
t... -c
· o-:;7
(1632-1704) ttc.·~.:Yifil~96-t6~c%~~0)ffi~tt.:nr, .:n li"V~7·'/~ (1896-1982) ~.:l-:::>-c
'§"~f.* "'- C2Jt:A ~ ~1-6 j,.:J.WJ, T 't' f,: 'Uf*~O); '\- ~ 0839-1914) ~= l 6 fif.\ifdt ~~~"lIt' 6o
zc.-~tlilit 9=' ~ct... l 777.?r1~A'AJ c~ n!f ltn6;"-~0)'t1f~li ,
'J A' .z,. ~ c'O)%iffiJ:* n'. 19 iltff.c f.:taB.R t... t::. Y-?
1 ~~ftt~ 1.:
~7~-c~7~7'
l 0 -cwMlil t.... 7
v -7'
JV.~J;\O);®~fft~~*· ~11ft[~~ q:t,e,. c
L. t::. 20 iJt#[,O)~;;f:t[~O)f~*.JE"'- c. J& 0 -c
il•:bt?n-c"'<~:t~JtiH:f.il:liL.-c.t3'? (Kuklick1977), Jf~iffiJ:~a9, j1t{t ffiflia9, -?i '?kft1r
~!:f:r!H~ C.. 1t!r1J, J~;A:~~$1fi"'-O)ii!:.JuJti (~ 6 1t'li7tfi"'-O)~;t) • .: tt Gjllij~i 1*1'2! L.
t::.~O)I:ih-:=>t::..:.c~.:i.t~~nt::.lt' (11tii 2006) o ;'\ - ~O)~c%t~il', !:f:Eti'tlilia9~~fti:"'-O)
(1848-1925)
$filJttO)h ~ t? -r. ~;r.t a9~~;j:Jf"'O)~;t~.: l 0 -c ~ ~n~ ~ n -c "' t::..:: eli, f11Jx. 1t. 1"
-~#8~0), 01'?. 7-v - 7'0)-t-nc.~•~0~. ~m•~~O)~%~*~~wt...~.:
C. 7.1• t? ~ l~ t? 7.1•1: ~.? -) (cf. Lee 1997) o l... 7.1• L.;'\- ~ 0)~~~ § mli. ~*~1." ih 0 t::. 7 v
-7'0)-f"ttO) l -?
~:~;rtf.:®: 0 t::.~~Gc~O) ~-m-c l± ~
~O)•• · ~•O)•g sm-cih '?.
·e,
<,
-r-t...-c~~wm~i~ •
.:.0)'2J.m~tt~%0)~*0)~~
~f:l.'HiO)h-"·e~<. $!f~·ti, :t~tJ\'HiiM-?~O)c t...-cfil:f!i--::>ltt?n--r~.-'6 o
-!5-~fni cll!flitt6 ~~- ~ O) ~±:k~'Uf.~fif.\ii'~ -c·li, ~~.
Clt'-Jr..~Jm~Ji~O)rpf,:gfil: ~n.
ffi
~iH~ac.~. ~t~~c.% ~ '13'&?t::.A
· ~friO)§ D
9
0i I'J,
~c.
IF-I ~~~B-J li . .A F.., f.: l 6 tl!:W--0) ~?,?-gf&
-fL.-c.Afld'JO)iJtW.;~f,a.\:li, Ar.l10)f'T~
(pragmatics) -?!:f:
(evolutionary love) C."'-? ~*-ll hO)rF"'-C £-fimftlt G~'l"(lt'f::. o
~~.
;'\
-~O)E%•~. -f"O)~I'J~~*~<•m•oo~. l%iffiJ:~J ~~~*ttO) ~&?~ih'?.
w
r,fti ~~c. T 6 :iti:mfU4~0)JaJ:ilH: fll i I? ~It 6.: C. I:~ 6 o
0
-116 -
t.:'i/{1~- A O)~c-!5-~~ li,
Masako K. Hi raga, Metaphor and !conicity: A Cognitive Approach to Analysing Texts
~7**~~-~-A. 7*~70~~~~¥*· ~L~~~~~R¥*~t~0~c7
(1896-1982) ~= J: 0 ~ #:J! ~
~ · .Jy ~ f'J ;_,
7 - F~. ;'I-A~~2.%~~i!Mt~::.
n.
'J~_:z_-Jv
~
L ~.Jy ~ 7·')
~ 1±.
1950 1F1-t~J\- '/'
(1857-1913) J..J.It~:~:fl1-tff1i.:l§:ctilt~~!¥~.
~~ct·~~~~~~-~~-~-~.%~ctft~~~~~~~ • • ¥. ~~. ~¥.
~.
~
ftA
1±1 **-i6tn::w u·*s rF·::> ~t 1.>.:. t ~= !lX:JJrt 1.> o <.Jy ~ 7· 'J ~~2.%ittn: ;13 ~t .o. ~~iilli t 1-T
· 1±1*$-iillit ~)j'!E..g.~:-::>v>~!i. v>bt-9>1.J means-end 'ErJv ({i:lt:~~.=t• ag~- F~Jl~)
~. Jakobson (1957) ~=J!~nl.JJ!tt;i*~ll.l~~.fJT~t·· ~~ft?..o) 1~~-tn l.f, ~~tit;f.t1tti
<~1*ti) •
.:. n ~ ji!ij*~!I'Hl~i:Jt-tt:f;j-::>;'1- ~ ~2.%~ttn:1t(1~-t 1.>.:. t 1: J: IJ •
.Jy ~ 7·') ~ li.
~-~%~~~-::>~1*~~. ~L~~1A~~~-::>~~~1~~~~. matL~~~J.>.:.
U:nJ(;J}J
Lt.: t
~ ~b
t.!. -':do
L t.P L:tt:k~ ;'I-A ~1<J'i:J{d:1tH~ L.
~1*. ~#. ~iHrA ~ e:--~:Wtlifrl'l9 i:J& I)
'J ~~~2.%~illi!i, ~~!~*t L~~.Jy~7·'J ~~.
7
:A
1)
t&-) .Jy ~ 7·
M:;Js~tl.J~:k~~~:tJ (77)
~t~~;b~f. -~~<~~~~~~J:0~~~. ~-¥~~-~~bt~t~-~~~
ttt.:o
t
17U~!i', .Jy~7--'J~~~~-c-~0t.:'E 1)A · l \ v
n ~i!¥~ m.'~-t J.>~nx:~~*i*~*"'t-=~-c-~ J.>i,)'. ~~ ~ ~Jiiilli
~Jf 7· 1v- A 7 1 - 1v v¥ rm ~ 1~ ~-c-. 1- 3 A A :Jr - ~am~~ 0 t.=
JA
~~= 196o 1f:1-t~7 ;A
1±. £
~ 1'19 ~=.
(1923-) li. 1-3AA:!f-- (1928-)
J
1
J\ 1
(1909-92) ~*Jti!iilli t
.
:tJ Jv'T-;; 7' (1891-1970) ~~~B(]ff!E~!iilli C: ~1~1t!fm~~ I) (Koyama
2005a). Lt.:i,)'0~. *fr7.Jv-A 71-Jv F~~W.*~7 :A
1±l b t
~~!i ~ v'o fi'U,~: 1-
t.!.i,)',
~.:. ~!i.
1
)
:tJ;Jf;.~ct•~ Bfr~~;tt*JI.h-~
3 A A :!f-- ~ li, .:. C: !;f C: ,(.. C: ~ fMlfM~=-::> v' ~~fr0 ~ liv' t.: ~
.:. C: !;f!i. 7f~~B9~~~:. ~ L ~ ,(..~i'J[~;r.\;1tJJI!~.\!I.~~:~X-* L. ~. 1-T~.
1±1**-· ittW-~~.r.t&. ~1t. !:f:IEM ( §~ill) ~e:-·. ~~~~2.%~69$-al±. ~~~~§~!~ ·
,(..JJI! s~!~'f.)' ~1Mff-~ n ~v't.:o
§-) i '"t't ~ (. 'f 3 A~ :!f-- ~ ~: f{;j.i{~ nb 7'/D -'f. T~P~~;r.\;ct•t v'-) t ~
!±. *-::>i,)'~ I~J ~;ff'tb~t.!.'f.)'. ~~ - -::>!i. ~?.~. Mat-97.>$-a~~;r.\;ti. %~1'19
~l'~1~iEllfii,)'~tlkv'-71.Jcv'-7.:.t'"t'~l). t-7 - -::>!i. ~~J'J97'/D-'f~~.&W~. ~;r.\;
tt~~-~. -::>iiJUI~KJ
iliA.
1±1*~ t~tt~~~~f.t;:~. •oo~~.
i,)> 1:. fEi L~'t t v' -) .:. C: -c- ~ 7.> o Lt.: i,)> 0
~. %;r.\;ct-~:@.;% ~ tfli)g; l'l9 ~: i!~Dlt
~ :!f--~1~~:*1tv>t.:*t-=~~-) ~. 11:.Jilt~P;j(~*j
t
L~L~~
Lt.: 'f 3 A
ll'fl;f'nt.:M~*t-=~ !i. ~~B9~~:fJf
~~.&%. 't~b~. 1l-*~~.fJTi,)')(rt;;~Hi~~11T~8t'tt L~ltnli'~ ~ ~ v' ~ t
~
t.J:-)
~: (Pike 1947). it!ER~:fiTt ~P*~~:f!f~8t'tt
L.
~
i
~
L<
L ~1~*t ~!ffl~~fiT~M
t't t -tttl!i'~ ~ ~ v'.:. C: ~ Y!l±l Lt.::~'\.:'~ b (Koyama 1999, 2000) o ~ ~ ~:. i!ffl ~~J!:t~ t
li. x1t. u~. ,(..JI~ e:·~:Jl%'7.> ~~ t l!§f£~~J!IDJ·-c-~ 1.> ~t.!.t.l' ~. .:. nli't ~ v ~. x1t.
1±~ . ,(..JJ1!.~1~~~ L ~ !i. )(~~~JJI!.~%;r.\;B9~1MIJ[[j ~ ~:ililtvl:t&~ ~ v>.:. t ~:\[f.P* L. ~ v'
b (Mey 2001) o J:
IJ-A~1t'ttti;J:', "'?i,)'~~~~Di§~!~*t ~b~tH\lii~t-=~i.l'iE1r{H:~1fJ¥
- 117-
<,
..:C L. -c%~-&f~l'l9~-~-~~i·l.'
0)~-c-c·li~v'o ..:CO)J:-J~'±r&:!l:'*~iili%f0)-Ail~V'3-V'·
v1::J7 (1941-) -c·<b!J, {f1l
L.t.: J: -J
li,
.:::. t
~:, J[~J'X: i't9 ~::1'0!-?mil!J][Ii,
l;f'O)~ ·ct:'li~
1970~1tift#il:, -g~'!f~~7'Y.:d' Jvt-.C.,J!~I:t~-&fL.-c I?'Y.:z.7Jvrl§~!~J ~1fil:
1~11' L. t.:
(Lakoff 1977) o
.:::.
'/~PAi:~ffil (Rosch and Lloyd
~'lil'-?il'""C
t <~:!'\- 7 v- O):Jt!! 't'\
Y .:z. 0) '/D 1-- 5' 1
:/-~Jl~ C!;f~-@-~ffil), ili>~v'li'r1~o)
1978), ·tf'r-0)7 7
.:r:.?, .J -tJ-1 .:r:. /7- (.§:'J~~:?S9;af4~) 0) - fi~~
tJ -:;
c' (Blount 1995) t *li-@- L., .:::. t
l;f~ ;i
77
7
AFdl:ff::(£0)!f1*B9*U?{I:*liU'-:::> It ~ ~I!Ja l§ ~.g.~......_ t !.&
--'\-'*[iJ~1~~ C.''O):fJ!1;%i't9,L.,JJil.:i!:H~-?.
mJT ~ o
v 1 :::17 t.:lt"C'~ <7 ;t, 'h- (1942-)
J:~O) o
-:; y .:z. ~ c'O){,JJil.~~-? :¥ ?-
~ c'O)'l)>'?"(O)'±.Jj)t~P-*~ffil~-'\-', -(-O)tlil',
t-:B-tlf;flO)~~~~
t' <b 11n b
'?
-clf~nX: ~ nt.:~;Uaf-1~
C !t1*A9~~-Y>?P-tf<!J:.C.,Jl~f~ t O)fMl{*-c-}JEX. G
n, ..:CO);jtffJilJ.O)ift·c\ )C~, ll&fciB9§fJt B'M"A9§g!f1!l!J'fL ..:CL.-c)C¥*1:;!3v'-c, ~~tif B9
~f.ll~ c\ !>1'1*-?~xiR (:::1 / -r 7 7- 1--) l:tx~ ~ nt.:.C.'~~l.llil' c'O) J: -) I:{'F.ffl T ~ il'il':B·eti, .:::. t l:fil', )C(! t
O)rMJ1*t.:lt-c-~
tJl"~;J'l~O)"C'<b~o
.:::.O)J:-J~L.-ce~§a~~, +3A?-~-O)%J'X:~&§m~O)~$~Gmn-c,
7Jv!--.C.'~~'
7o
J--717·~,*~ffil,
77Y'- ·
oV'-:;77J:t·'Ui'iU'-:::>v>-cJJil.mill%!1lt~~=rv',
§ ~ t ,c.,~ , )Cyt t %:A:-@-J][I'l9.~-~0)$~W:il' GWf ~ JN.-:::>.:::. t ~= ~~ L. t.:o
~E-~ti,
Ji~
·. I
.J'y.:z.
}\ v-?+ 3 A?-~-~ t'~: J: '? -cP:nE£ ~ nt.:.Y :::1 7''.l
/ O)~c3Hffil
L. t.: il' '? -ci,~9;a §
c. ti,
u\H~I'l91: ti
L. -c v' 7J: v'o L. il' L., J::i!liil' G b OJl Gil' 7J: J:: -) 1:, § #1 ~ )C¥*-?-@-~1'19.~-~ UJ:O) b 0)
¥=JiWL
"C'<b~c~tJ:-t.¢.iJ:;Jov>-c, ..:CL.-c§#i~. )[1~.
0)/UH*I: ;Jo v' -c}JEX. -c v' ~ .¢.iJ: ;Jo v' -c,
~?.::'-~Jl\1.,
~Q(9;a § ~.g-~ t ~cft~ffi!ti~
,c.,JJ.,
~:y~, )C~!J:t't
Gil'l:;mm; L. -c v' ~ o
..:C L. -c~l~, 5!::1'19;fl~I:;Jo v' -c >b, jilij~O) ~:i!!HitHi~£-c- ~ ~ o J:l:~t.: J:: -) ~:,
7 il'~!?Ja §~'If~""'- t 3?. ~ JJ!O)~J:t: ti, .J'y .:z. 7 Jv
1-- ,L,,J][~il'ili> '?
v1
:::1
Ar..~ O)~£~~'L'
t.:o .:::. 0),
ijii:;Jo It ~3k1*1'19ffiJ.:i.JI-?~x7Ji1.1:&1HiO)!I!~·ti ~m <, 20 ilt*l:'.lWM t:ift9i!: 3 - o -:; ~~·r:-1@.:::. '?
t.: 'L.'J!~O)~iJiHi,
[ll]flt-WH: [llJ t..~JiJT"C''±I@ L. t.:.lj!l,~.-17~ X. t::C ID:ll¥J F 1 'J 0)~ 'h /
~0)~~, 7-:; -IT- Jv (1859-i938) O)Jjt~~- ,(.,J]['{!f~~'/J- Jv ·
~=
J::
~t~t~ll!f
(index field; Zeigfeld)
.:::. n G Umv>~JVfO·ti ~#-t,
(Galan 1985) -\' :::1
0) §~'!fJ][~ffi],
7·y / ti, o Y TC''A..- ~-Jv0)~1*1:i t
e .:z. -7-
1-- ~
(1879-1963)
77;,~j*O)t11f:ilt~•-g~E-~c )C~J][~ffil
jjiij~O)rdl t: liAB9xim
>b 1f;(E L.t.: o ..:C L. -c
1HiE¥*0)~~~~!vt.:1~~: 7"7;' t:il.it
IJ, '7 1
-/""'-c~f±.L.t.:[ll]~t- ?JvX.'J::I1
(1890-1938)
-:;-IT - Jvm~~""'-C*iliL.t.:O)"C'ilj~
(Jakobson 1973, 1985, 1987, 1990)o ..:CO)i~, -T+'A
~:iltn
-r 7 ;i J :tJ 1:~ IJ 111vt.:.Y :::1 7'Y / ti,
1
-ry-milJ~3£~T ~ o (if<')' I:-\' :::1
~~ (symbol)
J\-
7·y /il~1± § L.f.:O)Ii,
t:tt:l:t11!'~~~7·7l'~mH:$1.mL.,
"f 7 -
v t:i!!! IJ-:::> ~,
~~-'At: J:: ~,
tv' -J ~cftO)=::Jtnt-c·<b I?, .:::. n G fi/llf.il:,
H~ (~Bif) *~
·
..:c.:::. -c-~~- A
n!ft (icon ),
t~f~
O) ~c
(index) ,
~1!;J.B91UH!f-·l:i, ~*B91UJ1*·1:1,
:m~a91m1*·tif:~-:1v'-c1'Fffl-t ~~c-l}W~~:f:P-*-9 ~o) ..:C
- 118-
7
L. -c~f*·i:ic
Masako K. Hi raga, Metaphor and !conicity: A Cognitive Approach to Analysing Texts
1Hi£1*oyrg-~, .c.,J]!~,
i3 ~*~' xJ!f-,
~J!f-,
;J$*JI.c7).~:£-?v'·c :>r.'-::17.'/ /lig~ ~,
~ifiif:IMJJ.,
x1tmi1i ~Mf-g.-co~ J.>, .:. 0)1'\- A
)(7* · ~J.ll!.,
W:~, ::)(~, ~~, 19~~~,
~fie -.::>
-c, 0) "Y:.i:E, (2)
11H$, (3)
X~ :J""
~mltff~9~::7t;Jffl-c, (lxa)mff-~PJ;>j:c•O)rnJ)f-3l(ffl. (~ 17:...-AL
m <-r 1 A -::1- .A)
~
I:IBIF$
bO)c l"CfJEX.J.>:W.~ifii~~~~·"C~t'-:::d.: o iY~X.Ii', (a) t~f~c (b) ~f~c v'1J'\-A~2.
-f}tifiiO)~;% (J:.~C.~ft~)
"f '
O)~e,-ry-~i1i0)
- 7 /
x
~{*, (2 X a)
.:;(A;J,mc (3xb)
:7. ~~Jilt ;>j:
e: o
b) t~ifMH~~~* ·
7-
~
::::..
~
if~m*
(jffi:IJt<) C (2
-
o~:.--c£~0)~.:r..-:J-,
X
· si!IL
:.-- Jv, (4) 19~ · I±BI~*
iUf! (:...-:.--77'A) , -g
1'\7 ~ 1
A ($HIJ), 71
b) 7- 7 7 7 - (ff~IJt<), (3
(4xa)tj ( -:J/77A
~)
c
X
a)
1)
(4xb)&1~L
7
1)
77
c', ;fm4 ;>j: ffl,*O)ffi ~ ~ 1*-*89 ~:~I') 1:1:1'"9.:. c I:Jiltlj] l t.: 0) 1: ib J., (Jakobsen
1987, 1990)o
ln• l :>r.' -::1 7''/ /n~7i;*, o
:,..-y**i*O)Wjjlij~ A "t:ib-.::>
t.:.:. c bib f) (Jakobsen 1997),
.O)E-f}a~~R g& C:R~·x~cO)~-Ra~l"CROO~h, -gmcx1t·ti~O)-·
~, -gm e:e•·~~O)~•O)E-f}•~•*~' ••~ft~hJ.>.:.cR;>j:J.> o~~;>j:.:. cR,
J:.:iil! Lt.: J: 1 f: :>r: -::1 7 '-' :.-- O)~c -f}ffiitrli, 1/tO)g:;. < 0) r i3 ~*~:rr J
0) ~.:r~ ~=
J: "? -c 1Hll1.f9~ ~
hi\ 1960 1f:{-tl: - i!!: ~ ,0\LJ;g l t.: 1- 3 A :7. ::\'-- O)!£JiltXi*O)~~: ll~h "C l i 1 o
xi*O)~~;>j:;f4!<&11..7),n{, !:ET!lt:f;'*~~*t-= -s ~=
J: "? -c~~ ~ h,
~n~"C !:!:.Jilt
~Ju i3 ~*~~~~uJ! l,
i3 ~~{
wux~~••·~J.ll!.cO)~•-co•~h~l~c~, B~i3~~*~-sO)g:;.<~, ~fi-tJ.>
:tt.:tn L t.:t\!:1-t ~=~ l -c v' t.:o
e: :>r: -::1 7 · '-' :.--n~n -s .lL -c t.:~c.-ry-tifii0)7f~~~{~ < ~~ x. -c L i
:>r: -::1 7''/ :.-- t.: 1? 0)-g~ ~,
t:. ~t,
1'\- A
~ci}~ifii ~,
"?
t.: v
~t -coli ;>j:
v'o :>r.' -::1 7.'/ /O)g; < 0)~-=ft.:-f?O)j};JO)t:!i;A~'Ii, ae,i}.0)7'o 7'7 AO)J.?f:ifi ~iE l < J]!Wf
l,
.:_ O)f~~~kf(:;'tl, J€-M~-tt-c~
-r Jv ·
-coli,
7
1\
1 A .:;(,
A 7 1 /, !::"' Jv • J \
/
~
"( It' J.,
~
:.-- • :...- :.-- 7f-,
7 .A, :J 3
nc.-f5-~~~i, .:.c1tcU~,
h"Cv'l.> o
Jv
x1t,
/
~~: rt~fi:'{ttJ (J:.~C.~~)
li,
·
1)
· 7
1- "\' -
-L,J]!~~c.:i?J!
c < 1:~2.-f}Ajj~-?f§~!Ajj~
~·
7 ;v · :...- Jv 7·
7- / T 1 7 ;>j: c· 1: J: f) ,
~· 1) ':J
1J -
·
J '\ -
7,
~1
· :7ttlf-tJ.>£1l:W.tifiit:
L-cM~m~
4-BO)-gmAjj~~:c-.::>"C~fiTX0)11~;%ctj:-.::>
(cf. Blount 1995; Duranti and Goodwin 1992; Hanks 1990; Lucy 1992, 1993) o i t.:,
I'), .:.
c 1!0)
r!I'JH~tiJ
·
?:t - ~,
ibl.>v'li-:l3 :.-- ·
J\1~/~::f?':t :.--lj:
li1*-*891:f]k;bn "C ~ t.: (Giv6n 1989; Haiman 1985a, b;
J akobson and Waugh 1979) o t!.1Jt4- 8 i 1:,
~tf-li,
A~~,
~- Jv
Jv- :,..--,
·
~~, e~mt
:>r.'-:J'/'//D$f!1j::O)~-=f"t:ib-.::>t.: 1J :.--~
c'l: J:
t.:o 17JJX.Ii',
-g~,
jlft, }. 7 7
7-, ~
c ii~~~ · •L<f!O)
1*-*89 ~= 73-tli" ~ n "( li* ;>j:~'"? t.: c § ;b ~· J., ~ *- tj: v'o
.f:O) 71 ~ Jv, Metaphor and !conicity: A Cognitive Approach to Analysing Texts ~tff-'"9
J:1f:,
7A
-'¥-~~:J: -.::> "C2005$~:J:.W~nt.:*i!=li, J.777-, Mf~, ii~~~··l.,:fll1., ~897
~ :7ttff~11l{ll'Jfa9~:,
~il -t:ff-
ln• l;f.JC-g-891:, f&-.::> t.: b O)"C:c!iJ l.> o -t-l -cJ.tqif!i,
l t.: J: 11:, :>r: -::1 7· '-' :.-- ~, ~ 7
J:. ~: :<ts:f#li~
* -1:51 ~ kl ~tnt.:jjf~ti -?~>c 0)~2. -f5-mf1i 8971-tlf ~,
-119-
c "' -7 ~RJH:ifooi.PG* tHH.h., {-tL~+~I:ftik!m L -r h.-tt
t:.o § 11€ ~ 3tt*~~~Jli[~9.1GJ,:1tl:~ I') 1t ~t M9t~t:t .~,:1t ~fa h., 1980 iF{i;;O• G1" ::r 7''1 /~2.~
[~~tl'i
·
,(.,J_!j[Q)IJ,~M!JH:~t;!i-t 1.>
t~~:£0 "'-crl'tn~9~:~Q)l'f4~;t;tJT~fr-:>
-c ~ t.:*i:!fQ)1t~~i, ""::r 7''} /g2.~~ifli~~~::r
- ;t, JV':k~~: "'t:. '7 :t - Q) ~ t t:~lvt!.t!.W·r::t:t
<,
1970 iF{i:P..A!I>~,
~.:)!~:~~
VC
~ t:.~
-~~bl.>R#~, -~-m~te•sm~~~GQ)~OO~*~*I'J~h., 1'::r/''J/~~
Et ~:~il'T 1.> ~
c
~:JiX:J1JT 1.> o ~
-7 L -c, 1" ::r 7' 'J / 7i• G'7 :.:t -""-,
;OttLt.:~f~ti~~Q)i!2.%~~a9;t~ITii, ~/li:~Q) .f.~:
7
* ::r .::..r_t;t
~tl'i
· ,(.,Jll[,
c'Q)~.jo
t'H~,
s
~If~,
{-Q)~.~~
J: 0 -c,
.c.,J! ·
·
7- 7 7 7-, W'Q)not%1i,
_~.
7 7
{- L -c !Jl~""- c 51~~
v 1 ::r 7, Y
3 /
'J /,
7 - Q)Jll[~~~=~il- ~
n,
7-7--,
s mt e
~ ~ I::W&~J'"f1<f'*B9~:;t;tJT~ hl.> ~:~0 t:.Q)-r:
31.>1.>o 7-3 J.>. .A :f-%:A:.:E~~~If~~: J:-::> '"f::f~~: ~ ;3-IJ]f~ tL -c L "i-::> t.:1' ::r 7''1 /~2.~~~
t
~f~D §~If~ c
Q)J!I!no li,
~ Q)t!f~: J:-::> '"f,
j( ~
<IEim: ~ nt.: c §-::> -c J: li'o
#ftlt.lcMt
Blount, B.G. (ed.) 1995. Language, Culture, and Society (second edition). Prospect Heights, Ill.:
Waveland.
Derrida, J . 1967. La voix et le phenomene. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Derrida, J . 1976 [1967]. OfGrammatology. Baltimore, Md.: John Hopkins University Press.
Duranti, A. and C. Goodwin. (eds.) 1992. Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fauconnier, G. and M. Turner. 2002. The Way We Thinh: Conceptual Blending and the Mind's
Hidden Complexities. New York: Basic Books.
Galan, F.W. 1985. Historic Structures: The Prague School Project, 1928-1946. Austin, Tex.: University
of Texas Press.
Giv6n, T. 1989. Mind, Code, and Context. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Haiman, J. 1985a. Natural Syntax. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Haiman, J. (ed.) 1985b. !conicity in Syntax. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Hanks, W.F. 1990. Referential Practice: Language and Lived Space among the Maya. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
iJtiiHIIJi\':. 2006.
r;~-.Ao:>~'ilH6liJ
**: '671H!H5.
Jakobson, R. 1957. Shifters, Verbal Categories, and the Russian Verb. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard
..
University Russian Language Project.
Jakobson, R. 1960. "Linguistics and Poetics ." In T.A. Sebeok ed. Style in Language, 350-77.
Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Jakobson , R. 1973. Main Trends in the Science of Language. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Jakobson, R. 1985. Verbal Art, Verbal Sign, Verbal Time. Minneapolis, Minn.: University of
Minnesota Press.
Jakobson, R. 1987. Language in Literature. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
J akobson, R. 1990. On Language. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
-120 -
Masako K. Hiraga, Metaphor and !conicity: A Cognitive Approach to Analysing Texts
Jakobson, R. 1997. My Futurist Years. New York: Marsilio.
Jakobson, R. and L.R. Waugh. 1979. The Sound Shape of Language. Bloomington: Indiana University
Press.
Koyama, W. 1999. "Critique of Linguistic Reason, 1: P ragmatic Prerequisites to Universal
Grammatical Analysis." RASK 11, 45-84.
Koyama, W. 2000. "How to Be a Singular Scientist of Words, Worlds, and Other (Possibly) Wonderful
Things: An Obituary for James D. McCawley." Journal of Pragmatics 32, 651-86.
Koyama, W. 2005. "Anthropology and Pragmatics." In K. Brown (ed.) Encyclopedia of Language and
Linguistics (second edition), Vol. 1. 304-12. Oxford: Elsevier.
,HJ.lJ'!. 2005.
ftli"J~~J.,
r tt~ t :m~Jl'l(l)~mt
· ftlililniff
: tf¢J.\li~,
:IJ E ~,
(~,jjj) rMIJI.lH±~~·Mtt~"f:
1 -T:t o
~-~(l);f1C - t~ t
tfl;Ii ~ : tl~
· fl'Wr~ .A 7
L ""((l)'E_ff..Jt±~WitJfl~iilJJ,
J... J 40-53,
Jt!Jit :
(}-::J
t:'lf)!)}.
Kuklick, B. 1977. The Rise of American Philosophy: Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1860-1930. New
Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
Kuklick, H . 1991. The Savage Within: The Social History of British Anthropology, 1885-1945.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lakoff, G. 1977. "Linguistic Gestalts." In Papers from the Thirteenth Regional Meeting, Chicago
Linguistic Society, 236-87. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
Lakoff, G. 1987. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lee, B. 1997. Talking Heads: Language, Metalanguage, and the Semiotics of Subjectivity . Durham,
N.C.: Duke University Press.
Lucy, J.A. 1992. Language Diversity and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lucy, J.A. (ed.) 1993. Reflexive Language: Reported Speech and Metaprag matics. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
-I
Mey, J.L. 2001. Pragmatics: An Introduction (second edition). Oxford: Blackwell. [,J, UI .!'! ~ 2005. HJ:t
!I'IJI'i9t±~lffiltliiifu.AP~
: t±~ t
)Cf~(l)~mfJ
Jl:i:J!t : ;::)(;~± . ]
Parmentier, R.J. 1987. "Peir ce Divested for Non-Intimates." Recherches semiotiques I Semiotic
Inquiry 7(1), 19-37.
Pike, K.L. 1947. "Grammatical Prerequisites to Phonemic Analysis." Word 3:3, 155-72.
Rosch, E. and B. Lloyd. (eds.) 1978. Cognition and Categorization. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
:~.&:ffBY.l!. . 1989 119811.
ri\Etnn« e: r±.1*(7)r.,,,wn
r~JMtJ:tp(l) s ~iffiJ 135-51,
** :
1Jt~::m:.
Silverstein, M. 1992. "The Indeterminacy of Contextualization: When is Enough Enough?" In P. Auer
and A. di Luzio (eds. ) The Contextualization of Language. 55-76. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
** :
'l'i'!lff"ml-~Ut. 1985.
r;, 7 7 7 -(l)~i.'.{}f.~J
"lii'lb'tml'IM.1999.
r ~~~tt(7)1If!~i5: ~c.~~~H!ft.:l:ti4'1fl-t~ J
!l!JJ~Ij'!::m:m .
-121-
J+IJ!t: !l!JJ:!fi:i!l'm.
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz