Management of Aquifer
Recharge and Energy
Storage (MARES)
…..Aquifer Recharge and Storage
….Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage
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Management of Aquifer Recharge and Storage
(MARS): 15% of drinking water in Holland
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1994
1982
1970
1958
1946
1934
1922
1910
1898
1886
1874
2
1862
Geinfiltreerd rivierwater
(sinds 1957)
Diep duinwater
(sinds 1903)
Ondiep duinwater
(sinds 1853)
1850
mln m3/jaar
Bron drinkwaterproductie Leiduin
MARS TECHNIQUES
3
ATES wells (open system):
Summer
4
Winter
Closed ATES system (tubes)
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Four products MARES project
• Quick scan technical feasibility of
MARES in Romania
• Inventory of institutional and legal
issues
• Preliminary designs
• Training of Romanian experts
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Quick Facts ATES
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•
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Heating and cooling of buildings, offices, processes
Saves up to 90% on primary energy and CO2
Cooling without air conditioning
Using winter “cold” for cooling in summer
Using summer heat for heating in winter
Energy neutral system (after T)
Return on investment between 1 and 7 years
and also….
• Using groundwater with average temperature of 5-15 oC
• Wells in aquifer, between 20 till max 300 m -sl
• No harmful effects for the environment or aquifer system
• No smell, no noise, no visual effects
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Quick Facts (2) Development in Holland
1992
2008
Aantal projecten t/m 2005 (CBS, 2006 en 2007 is schatting)
900
800
700
600
500
829
End of 2008: >
1.000
679
537
485
438
400
353
271
300
214
200
100
34
5
0
1988
8
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Usage
ATES can be used for:
• Office buildings;
• Hospitals and schools;
• Urban areas (as alternative
of district heating);
• Private houses (different but
similar technique);
• Appartment buildings
• Greenhouses;
• etc
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Example: office building (The Hague, NL)
• Office space of 35.000 m2
• Thermal energy demand
• Cold 1.800 kW
• Heat 2.150 kW
• Conventional system was:
district heating and
cooling equipment (airco)
• Old system is changed by ATES with 4 wells
Result
• Pay back time of additional investments for ATES: 4 years.
• Reduction of costs for energy, € 800.000,-- over a period of 10 yrs
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Example: office building (Zwolle, NL)
• Office space of 28.500 m2
• Thermal energy demand
• Cold 2.000 kW
• Heat 1.750 kW
• Conventional system was: gas fired
boilers and cooling equipment
• Old system changed by
ATES with 2 wells
Result:
• Pay back time additional investment less then 2 years.
• Reduction of energy costs, € 1.000.000 over a period of 10 yrs
• The office produces a heat surplus.
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ATES wells and groundwater
Information
abstraction wells (for drainage of
civil construction site)
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Normal situation
Planned situation
Information
(without building pit drainage) (with building pit drainage)
Cold groundwater lost by
abstraction for building pit
drainage
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Modelled well temperatures
17.0
16.0
15.0
Temperature difference discharged
groundwater due to building pit
drainage
Well temperature (°C)
14.0
13.0
Cold - before pit drainage
Cold - without pit drainage
Cold - with pit drainage
12.0
Warm - before pit drainage
11.0
Warm - without pit drainage
10.0
Warm - with pit drainage
start pit drainage
9.0
end pit drainage
8.0
7.0
Jan 16
Jan 15
Jan 14
Jan 13
Jan 12
Jan 11
Jan 10
Jan 09
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Example: Hospital (Turkey)
Electrical energy saving of
• 3.250 MWh/year for cooling
• 1.000 m3 of oil for heating.
Total investment cost was calculated to
• roughly 1 million USD
Value of energy savings as
• approximately 500.000 USD
• pay-back time of 2 years
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MARS in Romania
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The underground might be feasible for MARS
Climate change – increasing droughts favors MARS
Strategic interests of ROC?
Energy and economic savings
Legal aspects under present laws might need adaptions
How to Realize?
• Feasibility study (technical, economical, juridical)
• Test drilling
• Design and specification
• Arrangement of permits
• Selecting construction team
• Construction and realization
• Commissioning
• Monitoring
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ATES in Romania
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•
•
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The underground seems feasible for ATES
The climate is very suitable
Decrease of oil and gas dependence
CO2 and primary energy savings up to 90 %
Strong reduction on exploitation costs
Legal aspects under present laws might need adaptions
How to Realize?
• Feasibility study (technical, economical, juridical)
• Test drilling
• Design and specification
• Arrangement of permits
• Selecting construction team
• Construction and realization
• Commissioning
• Monitoring
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ATES in Romania: feasibility
Feasibility of the subsoil
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ATES in Romania:
feasibility next step
Is there an aquifer present?
(sand, chalk, sandstone)
Has the aquifer the
right properties?
ATES is not
possible
- it is possible to extract 50 m³/h
- minimum depth aquifer = 20 m below ground level
- maximum temperature of the groundwater = 20 °C
Has the groundwater
the right quality?
ATES is not
possible
anaerobic
conditions
(no O2 and NO3)
Are there any
legal restrictions?
ATES maybe
possible; water quality
is point of attention
- groundwater protection
area
- prohibition for well drilling
ATES is
possible
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ATES is not
possible
MARS in Romania:
feasibility next step
Is there an aquifer present?
(sand, chalk, sandstone)
Has the aquifer the
right properties?
MARS is not
possible
- it is possible to extract >20 m³/h
- K > 5 m/d and < 100 m/d ; H> 10 m
- enough horizontal extension, > 1 km2
Infiltration feasible by
basins or wells
MARS is not
possible
- phreatic or confined
conditions
Are there any legal
restrictions?
MARS maybe possible;
water quality is point of
attention
- groundwater protection area
- prohibition for well drilling
MARS is
possible
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MARS is not
possible
MARES planning
Table 1. Tentative planning
Phase
1. Inception and Quick scan start
2. Elaboration phase: finalization of
quick scan and data collection and
interpretation
3. Practical tool development – field
reconnaissance visits
4a. Preparation of training
4b. Study -discussion visit Holland
4c. Training seminar/design sessions
Romania
5a. Elaboration designs in financing
formats
5b. Final national conference
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Month after start of project
1-2
3-4
5-6
7-8
9-10
11-14
For Quick Scan – Elaboration phase
Actions:
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•
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Form team INHGA – AR – MoEF - BDG
Quick scan inventory of what happens already (MARS and ATES)
based on literature review, websearch etc.
Connect with Gabardine project for MARS?
Production of two national feasibility maps (MARS and ATES)
Short description of top 10 regions/locations for MARS and ATES
Information
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ATES and MARS (MARES) consortium in Romania: BDG,
contact Mrs Florentina Nanu or Mrs Ioana Groza
E-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Telephone: +40723152330
Hydrological effects
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