Global Water Partnership: Sustainable
Development and Management of
Water – using Earth Observation in
SDG’s
CSIRO EARTH OBSERVATION & INFORMATICS ARNOLD DEKKER
EARTH
OBSERVATION
FOR WATER
RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
CURRENT USE AND FUTURE
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WATER
SECTOR
Luis E. García
Diego Rodríguez
Marcus Wijnen
Editors
[UArizonalogo
© 2015 The World Bank
2 | Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker
The WB EO of Water Resources Scoping Report
• Purpose
– Part of the initiative of the WB Water Partnership Program (WPP) dedicated
to inform the use of remote sensing technology in the water resources
decision-making processes when advantageous and/or facing in-situ data
constraints.
• Audience
– World Bank staff
– Biophysical science and social scientists related to water management
• Goals:
– Review the current use of EO for water related issues
– Describe the current state of the art of water related EO
– Suggest the likely near-future (10 y) developments
– Provide recommendations to the WPP
Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker
GUIDELINES FOR OPERATIONAL APPLICATION
Guerschman Juan P., Donohue, Randall J., Van Niel Tom G., Renzullo Luigi J., Dekker Arnold G.,
Malthus Tim J., McVicar Tim R., and Van Dijk, Albert I. J. M.
Luis E. García
Diego Rodríguez
Marcus Wijnen
Editors
4 | Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker
Step
WRM problem to be solved;
Institutions; Relevant stakeholders
1INITIAL SCREENING
Conditions of data network, data sharing
possibility, existing monitoring and models, etc.
Adequacy of field observations
1DETERMINE EO POTENTIAL USE
EO potential use
EO product suitability:
Spatial resolution
Temporal resolution (revisit frequency)
1DETERMINE EO
PRODUCT SUITABILITY
Record length
In situ data requirements
Reliability
Accuracy
Maturity
Complexity
5 | Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker
WORK IN PROGRESS. FOR
WORLD BANK PURPOSES
ONLY.
PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR
DISTRIBUTE
Step
WRM problem to be solved;
Institutions; Relevant stakeholders
Conditions of data network, data sharing possibility, existing monitoring
and models, etc.
1INITIAL SCREENING
Adequacy of field observations
EO potential use
WORK IN PROGRESS. FOR
WORLD BANK PURPOSES
ONLY.
PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR
DISTRIBUTE
EO product suitability:
Spatial resolution
Temporal resolution (revisit frequency)
Record length
In situ data requirements
1DETERMINE EO POTENTIAL USE
Reliability
Accuracy
Maturity
Complexity
6 | Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker
1DETERMINE EO POTENTIAL USE
EO product suitability:
Spatial resolution
Temporal resolution (revisit frequency)
Record length
In situ data requirements
Reliability
Accuracy
Maturity
Complexity
1DETERMINE EO
PRODUCT SUITABILITY
WORK IN PROGRESS. FOR
WORLD BANK PURPOSES
ONLY.
PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR
DISTRIBUTE
7 | Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker
Box 1: Guiding Questions to Aid in the Decision Whether to
Use EO for WRM
1. Define the nature of the WRM problem
 What WRM questions need to be answered?
 What are the policy and or regulatory drivers of these
questions?
 Who are the stakeholders and beneficiaries of a solution to
the WRM problem?
2. Explore the capacity of sustaining and maintaining WRM
decision support and monitoring programs
 Local capability?
 Training needs?
 Local and international resources required?
3. Define the status of existing data and observation networks
 What metering is currently available?
 What is the condition of the data networks?
 Are there any impediments to sharing, collating, archiving
the data (e.g., transboundary issues)?
 What, if anything, has been done in the past to address the
issues at hand?
 Any monitoring? Modelling?
4. Evaluate adequacy of filed observations
 Well defined?
 Spatial density, frequency, continuity and period of
interest?
EarthAccuracy,
Observation Informatics
FSPavailability?
| Dr Arnold Dekker
8 | 
and
Do the same
for SDG’s??
WORK IN PROGRESS. FOR
WORLD BANK PURPOSES
ONLY.
PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR
DISTRIBUTE
Suggestion: Should GEO make a “guide-decision tree “ for
statistical organisations (once final indicators are established) on
the use of earth observation information for UN SDG indicators?
• SDG indicator to be reported on
• Institutions & relevant stakeholders
• Conditions of data network, data sharing, existing monitoring
and models, etc.
• Adequacy of field observations
• EO potential use
• EO product suitability:
• Spatial resolution
• Temporal resolution (revisit frequency)
• Record length
• In situ data requirements
• Reliability
• Accuracy
• Maturity
• Complexity
9 | Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker
Target
Goal 6
Original Indicator
Proposal
Initial
classification
before the
meeting
New classification
at the conclusion
of the meeting
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Percentage of receiving
water bodies with
ambient water quality
not presenting risk to the
environment or human
health
6.3.
2
Target
Original Indicator
Proposal
Percentage of change in
Target 6.6 By 2020,
protect and restore water- wetlands extent over
time
related ecosystems,
6.6. including mountains,
1
forests, wetlands, rivers,
aquifers and lakes.
10 | Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker
GREEN
Initial
classification
before the
meeting
Proposed
modification/
alternative
indicator or
additional
indicator
New classification
at the conclusion
of the meeting
% of change in
fresh water
ecosystems
YELLOW
GREEN
GEO Water Quality Community of Practice
Community of Practice Programmatic Activities
Advocacy
End User Engagement
•White paper to NRC
•Biennial WQ research
agenda paper
•User work plan
GEO Secretariat
Activities
•Web Page
•Quarterly calls
•Interaction w/ other
SBAs
Science and Product
Assessment
• Biennial WQ research
agenda paper
•Catalogue of existing
services
IOCCG Water Quality
Working Group
•Chapter writing
•Review
UN SDG nr 6
Water & water
Resources
Secretariat Office
WQ Monitoring and Forecasting Service
Development and Operation
Near term
0-1 year
Interactions with
International /Govt.
Agencies
•World Bank,WHO
•UNEP, UNSD
Capacity Building
Short term
1-5 years
Fast track
One global product
WQ Monitoring
Service
Development
•Training
•Webinars
WQ Monitoring Service
Development of
Validation program
Operationalization
•
Cooperative Global
Research Applications
Projects
•Graduate special
projects supported by
agency/universities
Long term
5-10 years
WQ Monitoring and
Forecasting Service
Evolution and addition of
forecasting service
Flagship Development (Increasing
Resources required)
Exec. Committee
Example : Ambient Water Quality
• A Proposed indicator: P and N concentrations as a measure of
eutrophication.
• We proposed that this will be hard to measure in over 10’s millions
water bodies across their length and width globally.
• Another indicator of eutrophication can be increased turbidity
due to phytoplankton growth and in hypertrophic circumstances
algal blooms (other indicators exist too around macrophytes etc.)
• Turbidity, Secchi Disk Transparency, Vertical Attenuation of Light,
Total Suspended Matter, Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter and
Chlorophyll and Cyanobacterial pigment concentrations can
already be measured from space.========== logical solution
for assessing ambient water quality!
12 | Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker
Cyanobacteria
13 | Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker
Examples of space-based images of algal blooms
Images
courtesy of
ESA, Brockman
consulting,
Steve Greb;
Mark
Matthews
14 | Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker
17th March 2010 Lake Burley Griffin
WorldView-2 @ 2 m resolution
Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter
Chlorophyll
Mapping seasonal inland water quality variations from WorldView-2
Non Algal Particulates
Cyanophycocyanin
Future Data Access and Analysis Architectures
• World is moving to better integration of multiple data sources & models
• Lack of access to vital EO data, especially in less developed countries,
hampers global actions and treaties on climate change, loss of
biodiversity, food security, water scarcity, disaster response, etc..
• Available EO archives at agencies are getting too big
New Paradigm & Opportunities:
• “Bring users (& tools) to the data”
• Greater potential to integrate remote sensing, in-situ and modelled data
and services for GEO.
• Potential to have a sustainable approach to data archiving – critical to
defensible information on contentious topics.
• Create new platforms that can make collaboration easier, whether
between companies, researchers or agencies
16 | Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker
Australian Geoscience Data Cube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZ40HNq47ro
17 | Earth Observation Informatics FSP | Dr Arnold Dekker
Some (already identified) applications
for the EO based Australian Geoscience Data Cube:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Vegetation change, agricultural production
Flood inundation mapping, farm dam development
Groundwater dependent ecosystems
Wetland management and characterisation
Carbon accounting
Seagrass, macro-algae and substrate mapping
Coastal change and water quality
Shallow water bathymetry
Mining footprint and urban development
Bushfire scar mapping and forestry inventory
Location-specific products for mobile platforms
• “Map my paddock”
The Landsat Data Cube | Locate 2014
Proposed: globally valid water information structured in a manner that with UNSD ,
UN GGIM, UN-GEMI, UN WATER etc.,,is made suitable for National Statistics Office s
to adopt to report on UN SDG 6 indicators and targets.
Earth Observation Informatics FSP
Dr Arnold Dekker
T
M
E
w
+61 2 6246 5821
+61 419411338
[email protected]
www.csiro.au/CLW
‘
GEO UN SDG Side Event 10th Nov 2015, Mexico City