Biology 1st Semester Review
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. The theme that reflects the idea that there has been a gradual change in the characteristics of species over
time is _____.
a. energy
c. reproduction
b. unity within diversity
d. evolution
2. Living things adjust to a stimulus by a reaction called a(n) _____.
a. environment
c. homeostasis
b. growth spurt
d. response
3. Living things change during their lives through _____.
a. reproduction
c. making responses
b. growth and development
d. adaptation and organization
4. All living things _____ to make more living things.
a. reproduce
c. grow
b. develop
d. adapt
5. Which of the following are likely topics for a course in biology?
a. Why does the Texas horned lizard squirt blood out of its eyes?
b. How is a banded pipefish able to hide in its environment of seaweeds?
c. What chemicals cause plant stems to lengthen or flowers to bloom?
d. All of these.
6. Questions about living things that can be answered by biologists are _____.
a. what
c. how
b. why
d. all of these
7. Key to the study of biology is learning about the _____.
a. rocks
c. chemicals
b. life around us
d. all of these
8. Living things do not adapt to their surroundings by _____.
a. making adjustments to nonliving factors around them
b. maintaining a steady internal environment
c. responding to other organisms
d. building on previous knowledge
9. Which statement is incorrect? As an organism develops, _____.
a. it produces more of its own kind
b. it takes on the characteristics of a particular species
c. its amount of living material increases
d. different parts grow at different rates
10. The study of standards for what is right and what is wrong is called _____.
a. pure science
c. ethics
b. applied science
d. technology
11. The information gathered from experiments is called _____.
a. the data
c. the hypothesis
b. the research
d. the conclusion
12. A structured procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis is a(n) _____.
a. principle
c. control
b. theory
d. experiment
____ 13. The application of science to the needs and problems of society is _____.
a. quantitative research
c. descriptive research
b. technology
d. pure science
____ 14. A scientific explanation of known facts arrived at through repeated testing over time is a(n) _____.
a. theory
c. natural law
b. observation
d. experiment
____ 15. The part of an experiment in which all conditions are kept the same is the _____.
a. hypothesis
c. conclusion
b. control
d. independent variable
____ 16. The steps commonly used by scientists in gathering information to test hypotheses and solve problems are
called _____.
a. descriptive research
c. scientific methods
b. pure science
d. applied science
____ 17. A testable explanation for a question or problem is a(n) _____.
a. experiment
c. observation
b. hypothesis
d. verifiable law
____ 18. Knowledge gained by scientific research _____.
a. can always be used to provide monetary benefits for humans
b. always raises social, ethical, and moral concerns
c. is never inherently good or bad
d. never results in data that can be applied to solve problems
____ 19. Technology has allowed humans to produce more food and reduce the chance of starvation by individuals
in some countries. How has this advance created additional technological needs?
a. The technology has allowed populations to continue to grow, creating the need for
additional food.
b. The technology caused salts to be deposited in soils.
c. The technology caused the false belief that the problem was solved forever.
d. All of these.
____ 20. Why is the hypothesis that black cats cause bad luck not science?
a. The results of studying the hypothesis are not repeatable.
b. The results of studying the hypothesis are open to judgment.
c. The hypothesis cannot be tested by controlled experiments.
d. All of these.
____ 21. Which of the following studies is outside the realm of science?
a. astrology
c. plant growth
b. animal behavior
d. bacterial reproduction
____ 22. Because it is often difficult to gather numerical data, _____ information is collected.
a. quantitative
c. scientific
b. descriptive
d. ethical
____ 23. Quantitative research is often reported as _____ to aid understanding.
a. graphs or charts
c. long lists of numbers
b. descriptions of behavior
d. all of these
____ 24. _____ research is usually based on numerical measurements.
a. Ethical
c. Quantitative
b. Descriptive
d. Scientific
____ 25. An experiment is _____.
a. an observation about nature
c. a problem that may be solved
b. a way to prove a fact
d. a test of a hypothesis
____ 26. Students of a biology class ran an experiment on a type of flowering plant. Their goal was to find the
optimal time in the plant's life for flowering. What time period will provide the most flowering plants?
Use Table 1-1 to determine your answer.
Table 1-1
Day
Number of Plants
Flowering
2
6
4
12
6
18
8
22
10
8
a. 5-6 days
c. 7-8 days
b. 6-7 days
d. 8-9 days
____ 27. Which of the following results from quantitative analysis of Figure 1-6?
Figure 1-6
a. the babies are cold
b. there are 7 babies
c. there isn’t enough food
d. these are the first babies this rabbit has had
____ 28. What might be involved in a lab that contained the warnings in Figure 1-7?
Figure 1-7
a. small animals
b. dangerous plants
c. sharp objects
d. dangerous chemicals
____ 29. Which of the adaptations on a dolphin, shown in Figure 1-8 is used for breathing underwater?
Figure 1-8
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
____ 30. Which of the examples shows a response to a stimulus?
a.
c.
b.
d.
____ 31. Which of the pictures in Figure 1-10 shows the most diversity?
a.
c.
b.
d.
____ 32. Which of the following organisms do not have cell walls?
a. plants
c. bacteria
b. fungi
d. animals
____ 33. Which of the following is NOT true of plasma membranes?
a. Folded membranes increase surface area for efficiency.
b. Folded membranes do not form compartments in the cell.
c. Endoplasmic reticulum is made up of folded membranes.
d. Ribosomes are sometimes attached to folded membranes.
____ 34. Folded membranes are an advantage to a cell because _____.
a. cell processes can be more efficient
b. the membranes provide a large surface area
c. the membranes form interconnected compartments
d. all of these
____ 35. Who concluded that all plants are made of living cells?
a. Virchow
c. Schwann
b. Hooke
d. Schleiden
____ 36. All living things are made up of _____.
a. cells
c. wastes
b. cork
d. cellulose
____ 37. What do electron microscopes use to focus and magnify an image?
a. glass lenses
c. electron beams
b. X rays
d. light
____ 38. Each of the following is a main idea of the cell theory except _____.
a. all organisms are composed of cells
b. the cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms
c. all cells are similar in structure and function
d. all cells come from preexisting cells
____ 39. The scientist who first described living cells as seen through a simple microscope was _____.
a. van Leeuwenhoek
c. Hooke
b. Schleiden
d. Schwann
____ 40. One advantage of electron microscopes over light microscopes is their _____.
a. size
c. two-dimensional image
b. higher magnification
d. use of live specimens
____ 41. If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) _____.
a. plant cell
c. animal cell
b. eukaryotic cell
d. prokaryotic cell
____ 42. In a chloroplast, the stacks of membranous sacs are called _____.
a. stroma
c. plastids
b. grana
d. thylakoid membrane
____ 43. Because cells have a watery environment both inside and outside, the polar ends of the phospholipids in
the plasma membrane form ____ layers
a. several
c. double
b. mosaic
d. single
____ 44. The fluid mosaic model describes a structure with ____.
a. polar layers on the outside and nonpolar layer on the inside
b. nonpolar layers on the outside and a polar layer on the inside
c. polar layers on both inside and outside
d. nonpolar layers on both inside and outside
____ 45. Because the phospholipid molecules and some proteins are free to move, the plasma membrane is said to
be a ____.
a. bilayer
c. fluid mosaic
b. solid
d. fatty acid
____ 46. Which of the following might be a result of a disease that causes a thickened plasma membrane?
a. increased movement of molecules entering the cell
b. decreased movement of molecules within the cell
c. decreased movement of molecules entering the cell
d. increased movement of molecules leaving the cell
____ 47. A cell's contents would be the same as its surrounds, were it not for ____.
a. plasmolysis
c. phagocytosis
b. selective permeability
d. dynamic equilibrium
____ 48. A plasma membrane is made up of a(n) _____.
a. cholesterol layer
c. lipid bilayer
b. enzyme bilayer
d. protein layer
____ 49. Which is not a way that Figure 7-2 is a model of cellular theory?
Figure 7-2
a.
b.
c.
d.
bricks are small units in a building
bricks are solid
there are many bricks in a building
bricks are organized to make a larger unit
Figure 7-3
____ 50. What is the approximate size of A in Figure 7-3?
a. 400 m
c.
b. 500 m
d.
____ 51. What is the approximate size of B in figure 7-3?
a. 400 m
c.
b. 500 m
d.
700 m
1000 m
700 m
1000 m
____ 52. What would be the best way to estimate the size of C in Figure 7-3?
a. increase magnification
c. estimate by what you can see
b. decrease magnification
d. assume it is 2000 m
Figure 7-4
____ 53. What would happen to the structure in Figure 7-4 if part D is completely removed?
a. it would become solid
c. it would have holes in it
b. it would disintegrate
d. it would collapse in on itself
____ 54. What structure is analogous to a sewage system?
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
____ 55. Where are you least likely to find water in the structure shown in Figure 7-4
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. E
____ 56. Which of the following pictures in Figure 7-5 most likely approximate the motion phospholipids make in
a plasma membrane?
Figure 7-5
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
Figure 7-6
____ 57. Which structure in Figure 7-6 is the cell control center?
a. A
c. I
b. G
d. M
____ 58. Which structure in Figure 7-6 maintains homeostasis?
a. B
c. H
b. D
d. L
____ 59. Which structure in Figure 7-6 is responsible for chemical reactions?
a. A
c. J
b. E
d. L
____ 60. Which structure in Figure 7-6 transforms energy?
a. C
c. J
b. G
d. K
____ 61. Which structure in Figure 7-6 sorts and transports?
a. B
c. I
b. G
d. M
____ 62. Which parts of Figure 7-6 are in a prokaryotic cell?
a. D and M
c. C and J
b. A and K
d. G and L
____ 63. A cell contains the structure shown in Figure 7-7. What other cell structure that is not found in all
eukaryotic cells is likely to be found in this cell?
Figure 7-7
a. mitochondria
b. ribosomes
c. cell wall
d. plasma membrane
____ 64. Which one of the following nucleotide pair bonds would be found in a DNA molecule?
a. adenine-guanine
c. adenine-cytosine
b. guanine-cytosine
d. cytosine-uracil
____ 65. The backbone of a DNA molecule is made of which two components?
a. phosphate molecules and ribose sugars
b. deoxyphosphate molecules and ribose sugars
c. phosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars
d. deoxyphosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars
____ 66. Ribosomes are made of _____.
a. rRNA and protein
c. rRNA and mRNA
b. tRNA and mRNA
d. protein and tRNA
____ 67. Watson and Crick were the first to suggest that DNA is _____.
a. a short molecule
c. a protein molecule
b. the shape of a double helix
d. the genetic material
____ 68. The chromosome abnormality that occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and is added to a
different chromosome is _____.
a. deletion
c. translocation
b. nondisjunction
d. inversion
____ 69. Which of the following would be least likely to happen as a result of a mutation in a person's skin cells?
a. skin cancer
b. reduced functioning of the skin cell
c. no change in functioning of the skin cell
d. the person's offspring have mutated skin
____ 70. The pairing of _____ in DNA is the key feature that allows DNA to be copied.
a. nucleotides
c. chromosomes
b. nitrogen bases
d. codons
____ 71. The process by which a DNA molecule is copied is called _____.
a. binary fission
c. replication
b. mitosis
d. translation
____ 72. A DNA nucleotide may be made up of a phosphate group, along with _____.
a. deoxyribose sugar and uracil
c. deoxyribose sugar and thymine
b. ribose sugar and adenine
d. ribose sugar and cytosine
____ 73. Carbohydrates include what type of molecules?
a. fats
b. sugars
c. lipids
d. DNA
____ 74. Lipids are _____.
a. fats
c. fructose
b. sugars
d. carbohydrates
____ 75. An RNA molecule is a polymer composed of subunits known as _____.
a. polysaccharides
c. nucleotides
b. ribose molecules
d. uracil molecules
____ 76. X rays, ultraviolet light, and radioactive substances that can change the chemical nature of DNA are
classified as _____.
a. growth regulators
c. hydrolytic enzymes
b. metamorphic molecules
d. mutagens
Identify each chemical reaction as (A) synthesis, (B) decomposition, (C) single-replacement, (D)
double-replacement, or (E) combustion reaction
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
2SO2 + O22SO3
Al(SO4)3 + 3Ca(OH)2 2Al(OH)3 + 3CaSO4
2C2H2 + 5O2  4CO2 +2H2O
Mg + 2AgNO3  Mg(NO3)2 + 2Ag
3Ba(NO3)2 + 2H3PO4 Ba3(PO4)2 + 6HNO3
Mg(ClO3)2  MgCl2 + 3O2
2Be + O2  2BeO
2Al + 3 CuSO4  Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu
2PbO2  2PbO +O2
2C2H6 + 7O2  4CO2 +6H2O
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. development
d. evolution
b. adaptation
e. reproduction
c. homeostasis
f. environment
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87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
The gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time
The living and nonliving factors in an organism's surroundings
Any structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to better survive in an environment
An organism's tendency to maintain a stable internal environment
The series of changes that an organism undergoes during its lifetime
The process whereby an organism produces more of its own kind
Match the letter of the safety symbol to its description.
a.
c.
b.
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93.
94.
95.
96.
d.
Substance is flammable or combustible; using an open flame could cause a fire or an explosion.
Chemicals or reactions between chemicals could produce dangerous fumes.
Substance is poisonous.
Handling of hot objects could cause burns.
Short Answer
97. Compare and contrast organism and species.
The graph in Figure 1-2 shows the three stages in the growth of a corn plant from a seed to a mature plant.
Study the graph and then answer the questions.
Figure 1-2
98. What do you think is happening during the lag period in Figure 1-2?
Paramecia are single-celled, microscopic organisms that live in freshwater environments.
99. A student prepared several covered slides of paramecia in freshwater. The student added different stimuli and
observed the behavior of the organisms under the microscope. The diagrams in Figure 1-3 show what the
student viewed.
Figure 1-3
99. To which substance(s) did the paramecia have the strongest positive response? Explain your reasoning.
Use Figure 1-3.
100. Give an example of a problem that science cannot solve and explain why.