Problem Solving,
Communication
& Innovation:
Presentations
Course Website: http://www.comp.dit.ie/bmacnamee
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Contents
In today's lecture we’ll discuss giving good
presentations
– Videoed Presentations
– Presentation Examples
– PMI on Presentation Skills
– Instructional Design
– PMI on Videoed Presentations
– Presentation/Teaching Tools
– Practical PowerPoint Tips
– Take-Home Presentation Messages
Class
Presentations
Course Website: http://www.comp.dit.ie/bmacnamee
Presentation
Examples
Course Website: http://www.comp.dit.ie/bmacnamee
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Interesting Talks
David Pogue
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/7
Tony Robbins
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/96
TED : Ideas Worth Spreading www.ted.com
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Interesting Talks (cont…)
Richard St. John
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/70
Sir Ken Robinson
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/66
TED : Ideas Worth Spreading www.ted.com
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Interesting Talks (cont…)
Dick Hardt – the Lessig Style
http://www.identity20.com/media/OSCON2005/
Hans Rosling
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/92
TED : Ideas Worth Spreading www.ted.com
Presentation
PMI
Course Website: http://www.comp.dit.ie/bmacnamee
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Presentation PMI
Let’s do a quick PMI on presentations that
you have been at
– P:
What things have people done in
presentations that have worked well?
– M:
What things have people done in
presentations that have worked badly?
– I: What interesting things have you seen
people do in presentations?
Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Gain attention - Curiosity motivates students to learn.
Inform learners of objectives - These objectives should form the
basis for assessment.
Stimulate recall of prior learning - Associating new information with
prior knowledge can facilitate the learning process.
Present the content - This event of instruction is where the new
content is actually presented to the learner.
Provide “learning guidance” - use of examples, non-examples,
case studies, graphical representations, mnemonics, and analogies.
Elicit performance (practice) - Eliciting performance provides an
opportunity for learners to confirm their correct understanding, and the
repetition further increases the likelihood of retention.
Provide feedback - guidance and answers provided at this stage are
called formative feedback.
Assess performance - take a final assessment.
Enhance retention and transfer to the job - Effective education will
have a "performance" focus.
Reigeluth’s Elaboration Theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Organizing Course Structure: Single organisation for complete course
Simple to complex: start with simplest ideas, in the first lesson, and
then add elaborations in subsequent lessons.
Within-lesson sequence: general to detailed, simple to complex,
abstract to concrete.
Summarizers: content reviews presented in rule-example-practice
format
Synthesizers: Presentation devices that help the learner integrate
content elements into a meaningful whole and assimilate them into prior
knowledge, e.g. a concept hierarchy, a procedural flowchart or decision
table, or a cause-effect model .
Analogies: relate the content to learners' prior knowledge, use multiple
analogies, especially with a highly divergent group of learners.
Cognitive strategies: variety of cues - pictures, diagrams, mnemonics,
etc. - can trigger cognitive strategies needed for processing of material.
Learner control: Learners are encouraged to exercise control over
both content and instructional strategy. Clear labelling and separation of
strategy components facilitates effective learner control of those
components.
Component Display Theory`
Fact
Concept
Procedure
Principle
Use
Identify or
Classify
Demonstrate –
How to
Explain why or
predict
Find
State or Define
State steps
State
relationship
Recall or
Recognise
definition or
example
Recall or
Recognise
steps or
example
Recall or
Recognise
principles or
example
Remember
Recall or
Recognise
Videoed
Presentation PMI
Course Website: http://www.comp.dit.ie/bmacnamee
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Should We Abandon PowerPoint?
Take Home
Presentation Tips
Course Website: http://www.comp.dit.ie/bmacnamee
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Edward Tufte’s Presentation Tips
Edward Tufte makes the following
suggestions for giving presentations:
– Show up early
– Have a strong opening
• What's the problem?
• Who cares?
• What's your solution?
– On every subtopic move from the particular to
the general and back to the particular
– Give everyone at least one piece of paper
– Know your audience
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Edward Tufte’s Presentation Tips
(cont…)
– Rethink the overhead
– The audience is sacred
– Humour is good
– Avoid masculine (or even feminine!)
pronouns as universals
• “They” has been accepted by the Oxford English
Dictionary for years
– Take care with questions
– Let people know you believe your material
– Finish early
– Drink lots of water
Edward Tufte’s Presentation Tips
(cont…)
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– Have a strong conclusion
– Think about all presentation possibilities
– Practice, practice, practice
•
•
•
•
•
Film your presentation
Play it back and watch yourself
Watch it without the sound
Listen to it without the picture
Watch it at twice the normal speed
– Have your first couple of lines rehearsed
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Rethinking The Overhead
“The Cognitive Style Of PowerPoint: Pitching Out Corrupts
Within”, Edward Tufte, 2006
Edward Tufte is an analytical
design guru (who would rail
against being on this slide!)
“PowerPoint presentations too often
resemble a school play – very loud,
very slow, and very simple”
-Edward Tufte
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NASA & PowerPoint
After the Columbia space
shuttle crashed in 2003 the
Columbia Accident
Investigation Board fingered
PowerPoint as one of the culprits
NASA, had become too reliant on presenting
complex information via PowerPoint
New York Times Article: PowerPoint Makes You Dumb
Wired.com Article: PowerPoint Is Evil
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Let’s Assume We Don’t!
Tips for good PowerPoint presentations
– Include only necessary information
– Avoid long paragraphs of text
– Don’t overcrowd the presentation
– Don’t forget to spell check
– Don’t be afraid to use pictures – but be careful
of overused clip-art
– Be consistent with formatting
– Have a backup plan
– Remember slides are not the same as notes
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PowerPoint Tips: Colours & Fonts
Colours:
– Limit the number of colours
– Use contrasting colours for background and
text
– Try to think about accessibility
Somebody who is colour blind won’t be
able to read this!
Font:
– Always use size 20 or bigger
– Larger font may be used for emphasis
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PowerPoint Tips: Colours & Fonts
(cont…)
Using too small font is impossible to read
CAPITALIZE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY
Don’t use complicated fonts
Using a font colour that does not contrast with
the background colour is hard to read
Using a different colour for each point is
unnecessary
– Using a different colour for secondary points is also
unnecessary
Trying to be creative can also be bad
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PowerPoint: Colours & Fonts (cont…)
Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or
difficult to read from
Always be consistent with the background
that you use
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PowerPoint Tips: Animation
Using animation in PowerPoint is almost
always a bad idea!
It just confuses people and makes your
slides take forever to appear
Also you spend all of your time pressing the
next slide button
So don’t do it!
Except when it adds to
the clarity of your
presentation
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Oral Presentation Tips
Some tips for oral presentations:
– Body language is important
– Speak loudly and clearly
– Try to put some feeling into your voice
– Do not read from notes
– Maintain eye contact with your audience
– Speak to your audience
– Don’t be afraid to take a pause
– Don’t be afraid to correct yourself
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Handling Questions
Questions at the end are just about the most
important part of a presentation
– Repeat the question to the audience
– Restate or ask for clarification if necessary
– Request that questions are asked during the
talk or afterwards
– Avoid prolonged one-to-one discussions
– If you can’t answer a question, just say so
– Have a dedicated questions slide
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Conclusion
The most important things to remember
when giving presentations are:
– Think about your audience
– Think about your objective
– Think carefully about visual aides (slides)
– Speak confidently, clearly and to the
audience
– PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE
Presentation Zen: www.presentationzen.com
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Questions?